He aha kūlana hana i ka ohi "hoʻololi palena'āina" i loko o ka mōʻaukala o keʻokeʻo emigration?

O ka hana hoʻokani ma ka puke "hoʻololi palena'āina", ka palapala, ai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā moʻolelo e ho'āʻo ana e pohihihi mai ai mamao. Kona puke i ke kumu no ka mahae i loko o ka Lūkini emigration o ka nalu mua.

ÿauhau Edition

Ke ohi kaulana i paʻiʻia ma Palaka i ka 1921. Kona inoa mea i pili i ka mea hookahi paiia o "Milestones", a paʻiʻia i ke koʻikoʻi huahelu o ka Lūkini emigration. Kēia kanaka, ka mea i mahuka mai ka Soviet? Eia , a kiola ia ma luna o ka "philosophical waapa" he ikaika mau hoa o ka Bolsheviks. Ka mea, ho'āʻo e huli lehulehu manao e ku ei na Communists maʻEulopa.

Naʻe, oiai ka Old World i e hoomaka e ne e ma kahi o ka hopena o ka First World War. ʻOiai nā meaʻeʻe moku a me ka ikaika hoʻokipa maʻEulopa mau poo, i hana ole ma kaiakū kālai'āina, ka mea hiki ole i.

He aha kūlana hana i ka ohi "hoʻololi palena'āina" ma ka pili me keia bleak ana o ka White neʻeʻana? Nā kākau hele ku ei ka Anati-Soviet e hoʻolaha ma loko o kā lākou philosophical a me ka mau 'epekema' atikala i ka kākoʻo-bolshevist kūlana. Kēia mua ua i ka popoiwi wahi i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini pakele i loko o ke Komohana.

e kākoʻo ana-Soviet paʻi puke

O ka hana hoʻokani ma ka puke "hoʻololi palena'āina", hiki wale ke hōʻike 'ia ma ka hope o ka paʻi naoh mai Moscow. Aia ua hoʻoholo ihola e lawe i ka manawa, e hōʻoleʻia kāna i ko lakou mau hoa - .. Monarchists, republicans, etc. ka ohi, ua hoolaha koke ia ma ka Soviet Union, na tausani o nā kope. State-holo nupepa i ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia i ka mea e hiki ana i ka White emigration hope 'ike' ole wale pio akā, i ideological hewa.

He aha kūlana hana i ka ohi "hoʻololi palena'āina" no ka mea Lūkini kanaka ma Europe ka poe i lawe puuhonua i loko o Paris, Palaka, Pelelina a me nā kūlanakauhale o ke aupuni o ka South Slavs? I ka neʻeʻana i Wāwahi. Makeʻe kulana monarchists a disaffected lehulehu ākea o ka propaganda kai eʻe, a hemo aku i ka Soviet aupuni, e kau i ka pakiko-hui.

implacability

Koke ka manaʻo e intransigence. Keia rula i kū'ē kaua kipi Smenovekhovtsy a me vozvraschenchestvu. Kona kākoʻo i kue i kekahi ano o ke alu like 'ana me ka Soviet Union. He loaa koke hiʻona i waena o nā monarchists, conservatives a me nā emigrants loa-pono wale. Mawaena o lakou i ka mea a pau i koena waiwai o ka mea kahiko tsarist au - lawehana, luna, a pela aku ...

I ka papa kuhikuhiE a papa hana, e paipai i ka manao o ka intransigence, lilo Lūkini mau-koa kuikahi, a me ka Lūkini Orthodox Church Abroad. Head o EMRO lilo kaulana General Pyotr Wrangel, ka mea a nei i kaua me ka Reds ma ke Kanawai ke Kaua. Ua i aku la ia i paʻa i ka Crimea, iā ia i koke evacuated mai ke keʻokeʻo.

Ka manaʻo Smenovekhovtsy

Ke manaʻo Smenovekhovtsyʻano nui ma muli ma luna o ka loina o ka patriotism. Pili ana i ka mōʻaukala ka aina, e like me na kauoha o adherents o keia rula o ka mikanele ololi e nāʻalā mai i nāʻokoʻa me ka Soviet Aupuni. He nui Russian maoli makemake e oe a kou wahi, a me ka mai e ola mai ko lakou mau ola ma ka malihiniʻEulopa. No ia mea, Smenovekhovtsy, e like me ka mea nana e hoole manaʻo o ka intransigence, koke loaa he wahi lihi iki o ka n. Kēia kaʻina hōʻeleu i ka 1920 i ka wa kaua wawahi mai ma waena o Poland, a me ka Soviet moku'āina (formally, ka Union i ole i ua hookupaaia).

Ua hui koa mau koʻikoʻi columnists, e lawe mai i ka "hoʻololi palena'āina". Collection me ka mea i kākau Nikolaem Ustryalovym, Sergeem Chahotinym, Yuri Klyuchnikova a me ka 'ole. D. One o na palapala kope kumu mai o keia puke o ka puke "Ma ka paio no Rusia", paʻi i ka 1920. Ka mea, ua i ka hua o na hana o Nikolaya Ustryalova, oiai e noho ana ma Harbin - i ke kulanakauhale nui o ka Lūkini emigration i loko o ka Hōʻole akula Hikina.

Eia kekahi laʻana Brusylov

Ikea mai i ka ohi ana i journalistic 'atikala "hoʻololi palena'āina" nui hoopii i nā hanana ma Poland. Ke kaua o keia aina me Rusia i alakai ai i ka outbreak o patriotism emigrants wale aku no. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa ke kue i hoʻonoho i loko o ka Soviet Repubalika i ka hoʻomaka o ka honua Socialist kipi nona ma hoʻokahuli i ka bourgeoisie. I ka mea, Lenin noʻonoʻo Rusia i springboard no ka naʻi aupuni o ke ao nei. E manaolana ana no ke kākoʻo mai o ka Europa proletariat a spontaneously ku ae la o loko o ka Old World o ka Communist aoao.

Leftist manaʻo o ka Soviets ia i ko lakou kupikipikio ma ke kākau o ka puke "hoʻololi palena'āina". He aha kūlana ka mea, pâʻani 'o ia no patriotic nā meaʻeʻe moku? He nui no ia, he kākoʻo o ka Soviet Union. Nā kākau o ka lehulehu ākea koi i kona poʻe heluhelu, e hoopoina no pāonioni me ka Bolsheviks i ka manawa o ka pahu i ka hopena o Rusia iho.

Ke kumu nui mamuli o keia propaganda kai eʻe i ka kaulana General Alexei Brusilov. Iloko o ka First World War, kauoha mai la oia i kekahi o ka Western Front. Kona kaulana tactical Ua Hopu ma Galicia luku i ka'Aukekulia poe koa, a me maoli i ka Habsburg palupalu iho appendage o Germany.

Ma hope o Hope Brusilov (like he nui 'ē aʻe tsarist pūkaua) noho ma ka hale. He hiki kaua i loko o ka Soviet kaua. Kēia hana i ka hailona i Smenovekhovtsy manaʻo i mea mahaloia imua oʻEulopa. Ke muli o ka mea e kākoʻo ana-Soviet neʻeʻana i loko o ke pioʻana i hoʻolilo 'ia Wāwahi ia i loko o nā kaua? Neeo eaaa?.