Soviet mana. Ke kukuluia'na o ka Soviet mana

Ma hope iho o ka pau ana o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, ka mua Soviet aupuni kukulu ai i loko o ka hapanui wahi o ka aina. Eia kekahi ma ka kŘpa a pōkole manawa - e March 1918 i ka loa a me ka moku'āina 'ē aʻe nui kulanakauhale ma o ka paa ana o Soviet mana hala peacefully. He 'atikala e nana i pehea keia hanaia.

Ke kukuluia'na o ka Soviet mana

Ka mua lanakila o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni kaua entrenched i loko o ka Central wahi. ʻeleu poʻe kaua ma luna o ka mua ka Aha-elele hōʻike 'ia ma hope hanana. He 'aneʻi i hoomaka i ka Soviet ke aupuni e hoʻike iho. 1917 A ua koko. Ma kākoʻo mai o ke kipi i loko o Petrograd, i hoʻokani ma ka Baltic'auwaʻa kaua ke Baltics a me kūlana i ka papa kuhikuhi. By November 1917 ka Black Sea luina maluna o ka ia'ku o ka Mensheviks a me SRs, a ua aponoia ka olelo hooholo ma ka i ike i ka People ka Commissars, alai ae e V. I. Leninym. Ma keia hihia, no ka Aole loa Hikina a me ka akau o ka aina i ka Soviet ke aupuni i i loaa nui kākoʻo. Kēia i ka pilina i ka a laila luna 'uao i loko o kēia mau mea.

Cossacks

Ua maona ae e kū'ē'ē mai. Ma ka Don hoʻokumu i ka 'ōlelo o ka poʻe kaua o nāʻaʻa, a hana i ka keʻokeʻo waena. Ka hope hoʻi i hele ma luna o ka Cadets, a me ka Octobrists Milyukov, Struve a me Socialist hoʻokahuli aupuni Savinkov. Ka mea, ua ulu ka polokalamu kālai'āina. Ka mea, ua i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka indivisibility o Rusia, ka Constituent Ahaolelo, e like me ka liberation o ka aina, mai ka Bolshevik dictatorship. "White neʻeʻana" i loko o ka pōkole manawa loaa i ke kākoʻo o ka 'ōlelo Palani, o Beritania a me Amelika kalaiaina Poeikohoia, e like me ka Ukrainian hale kanawai. Kōkua manawaleʻai ke koa kūpono 'hoomaka ma January 1918. White kiai hana ma luna o nā kauoha o Kornilov, i pāpā ana i ka lawe ana o pio. "White ka weliweli" hoomaka me keia.

I ka lanakila o ka Red kiai ma ka Don

I kaʻumi makahiki mua o Ianuari 1918 ma ka Cossack Ahaolelo Lahui o frontline Soviet? Eia kākoʻo nuiʻana ma ke Koa hoʻokahuli aupuni Komite. Kona poo lilo F. G. Podtelkov. Ma hope ona, hele nō ka hapanui o ka Cossacks. I ka Ia manawa ka Don Red poe kiai poe i hoouna mai ai, e hele koke aku i ke kūpono '. White Cossack poʻe hao wale i ke emi hope i ka Salsk hehi. neʻe i kōkua manawaleʻai ke koa i Kuban. Don Soviet Lepupalika Ua hoʻokumu 'ia ma luna o March 23rd.

ka Orenburg Cossacks

Ua Ua alai ai e Ataman Dutov. I kakahiaka Nowemapa, la oia i disarmed Orenburg ahaolelo haʻi mobilization. Mahope Dutov pu me Kazakh a me Bashkir nationalists hele Verhneuralsk a me Chelyabinsk. Mai ia manawa, koke maila i ka pilina ma waena o Moscow, a Petrograd me Central Asia a me Hema Siberia. E like me ka olelo hooholo o ka Soviet aupuni e ku e Dutova i hoouna mai ai lakou i poe o Red Na kiai o ka Urals, Ufa, Samara, Petrograd. Ka mea, Ua kākoʻo 'ia e kekahi hui o Kazakh, Tatar a me Bashkir ilihune. I ka hopena o February 1918 Dutova koa i make.

Confrontation i loko o ke aupuni wahi

Ma kēia mau panalāʻau e noho, i ka Soviet ke aupuni i 'īnea nei,ʻaʻole wale nō me ke Aupuni Kūikawā. Ka hoʻokahuli aupuni koa i imi e hahi i ka ia'ku, a me ka M.-Menshevik koa, a me ka nationalist bourgeoisie. In October-Nowemapa 1917, i ka Soviet aupuni lanakila ma Estonia, unoccupied mau mea o Belarus a me Latvia. Ua Ua pū uhi pū ia'ku Baku. Eia ka Soviet? Eia ana a August 1918. Ke koena o Transcaucasia i lalo o ka aoao o na separatists. No ka laʻana, ma Hawaii, o ka mana i loko o nā lima o ka Mensheviks, ma'Ararata, a Azerbaijan - Musavat a Dashnaks (haʻahaʻa-bourgeois aoao). By May 1918, i ka panalāʻau o ka bourgeois-aupuni repubalika i hana.

Ua lawe loli wahi i loko o Ukraine. Pela, ma Kharkov ma December 1917, Ukrainian Soviet Repubalika i kukala aku ai. Ka hoʻokahuli aupuni koa pomaikai ae la lakou i ka hana hoʻokahuli i ka Central Rada. Ua, ma ka huli, hai mai la i ka ho okumu ana o na kanaka o ke aupuni kūʻokoʻa Repubalika. Ma ka haʻalele 'Kiev, hale kanawai ua ke aupuni' o Zhytomyr. Aiaʻo ia i lalo o ka malu o Kelemānia hao wale. By March 1918, i ka Soviet aupuni hookupaa ia iho i loko o Central Asia, a me ka Crimea, ma ka hou ana i ka Emirate o Bukhara a me Khiva Khanate.

Ke pili aupuni paio ma Central wahi

I loko nō o ka mea i loko o nā makahiki mua o Soviet mana, a me ka kipi kōkua manawaleʻai ke kaua i hee ma ka nui wahi o ka aina, ma ka waena konu o kaʻaoʻao kū'ē i nō e hele ana ma luna o. Ke climax o ka paio pili aupuni i ka mālama 'ia o ka Apana Ahaolelo, a me ka Constituent Ahaolelo. Ua Ua hana ke Aupuni Kuikawa o ka Soviets. Ua Ua manao i ka hana a ka Constituent Ahaolelo. Me ia i nā nā paʻi hua wahi i ke kahua o ka hou'ōnaehana i loko o ke aupuni ma luna o ke aupuni manawa. I ka Ia manawa, manaolana no ka Constituent Ahaolelo, a pinned mau hoa paio o Soviet mana. Ka Bolsheviks, ka mea, ua mea eʻoi aʻe, mahope mai o ko lakou mau berita e hoopau i ka kālai'āina kahua militias.

Once Romanov i abdicated, i ke ano o ke aupuni i loko o ke aupuni e e hiki ke hooholo i ka Constituent Ahaolelo. Naʻe, i ka wahi aupuni hailona kona hālāwai. Ua ho'āʻo e loaʻa i ka hope ahakanaka, e pili ana i ke aupuni Moku'āina a me ka halawai ana me ka mālama '-hale kanawai. A pau ia i ka ukuia a hiki i ka maopopo 'ana o ka Cadets, e loaaʻi ka hapa nui. Revolutionaries a Mensheviks, ia manawa, lawa pono ai kā lākou wahi i loko o ke Aupuni Kūikawā. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana, hoomaka ae la no hoi lakou e imi i ka mālama 'ia o ka Constituent Ahaolelo ma ka manaolana, e hopu mana.

ke koho

iho o ka hoonohoia'na lākou mau hua'ōlelo ma Nowemapa 12 ma ke Aupuni Kūikawā. mālama 'ia ka hālāwai lā i ua manao like o Ianuari 5, 1918. Ma ka manawa o ka Soviet aupuni ua i 2 aoao elua - ka hema SRs a me ka Bolsheviks. Mua i waho me he kuokoa hui o ka First Ahaolelo Lahui. Ke koho i wahi ma ka aoao kahua kaua. Kokua nui hapa o koho loa ma ka pau ana o ka Constituent Ahaolelo o ka heluna kanaka. Ua huki i mau papa helu mua o ka hoʻomaka o ke kipi. E like me kekahi hapa o ka Constituent Ahaolelo, he:

• SRs (52.5%) - 370 noho.
• Na Bolsheviks (24.5%) - 175.
• Hema SRs (5.7%) - 40.
• Cadets - 17 noho.
• Mensheviks (2.1%) - 15.
• Enes (0.3%) - 2.
• Ka Poeikohoia, mai kekahi aupuni ahahui - 86 noho.

Ka hema SRs, ka poe i hana i ka manawa o ke koho ana, ka mea hou aoao, e komo i loko o ke koho ana, a hiki i ka hookahi papa inoa, e holo ana i mua o ka kipi. Ka mea, Mainua pono SRs komo he nui helu o kona laʻelaʻe 'ia. Mai kēia mau oeeo? Ia mea akaka i ka aina o ka heluna kānaka 'Oi ka makemake o ka Bolsheviks, ka Mensheviks a me SRs - Socialist ahahui, i ka helu ana o ka poeikohoia i loko o ka Constituent Ahaolelo o ka a ua oi aku mamua o 86%. Penei, na makaainana o Rusia ua hala loa maopopo i koho wae ana o ka hou ala. Me keia, hoomaka ae la i ka olelo ana ma ka puka o ka Constituent Ahaolelo Chernov - luna o ka Socialist-Revolutionaries. Ka auhau o keia huahelu wehewehe nō maopopo i ka mōʻaukala ike maopopo, e hoole ana i na olelo a kekahi mau moʻolelo i ka heluna kanaka e hoomalau ana i ka Socialist ala.

ka Ahaolelo o

Ma ka Constituent Ahaolelo makemake i ke e aponoia ai ka wae ala o? Acaeoey ma ka Mahele Ahaolelo, i ka olelo paa ma Land, a ma ka honua, i ka hana o ka Soviet mana, a me ka ho'āʻo 'ana e hoole kona mea i waiwai ai. Kue koa, a loaa he hapa nui i loko o ke anaina kanaka, hoole eʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai. Ma ka halawai ma January 5, ua hooleia ka polokalamu Bolshevik, o ka 'Aha o ke aupuni o ka hana i ole, ua aponoia. Ma ia kulana, ua i ka make māinoino o ka hoi ana a hiki i ka M.-bourgeois? Eia. Ma muli o, ke'aheʻelele o ka Bolsheviks, a ma hope o ia, a me ka hema Socialist Revolutionaries haʻalele i ka hālāwai. Ke koena o kona mau lala noho aʻelima i loko o ke kakahiaka. Ke keʻena nui i hele e 160ʻelele mai ka 705 At 5 am o ka poʻe luina Kelemania e-anarchist Zheleznyakov - Head hoomalu - hele mai i Chernov, a i mai la: "ke kiai Ua māluhiluhi!". Kēia hopuna'ōlelo Ua lilo mōʻaukala. Chernov kūkala i ka halawaiʻula a hiki i ka aʻe lā. Eia naʻe, ma Ianuari 6, ka Central Executive Komite palapala i kekahi kauoha, e hoike mai i ka Constituent Ahaolelo. Ke kulana hiki ole hoʻololi a me nā hōʻike, a i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka Socialist-Revolutionaries a me ka Mensheviks. Noho iho la na ma Moscow, a Petrograd, aʻaʻohe casualties. Kēia mau hanana ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka mahae i loko o ka Socialist aoao i loko o nā kue poe hoomoana.

Pau 'ana o ka confrontation

I ka hoʻoholo loa mai e pili ana i ka Constituent Ahaolelo, a me ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka moku'āina 'ole o ka aina i aponoia ma ka Apana Ahaolelo Lahui. January 10 Ua mālama 'hālāwai o nā koa' a me ka hana i. 13th la oia i hui ia e ka poeikohoia o ka All-Russian Ahaolelo Lahui o kauwa. Mai ia manawa, ua hoomaka ticking i ka Soviet'āina.

ma ka hopena

Ka Ahaolelo i aponoia, a me ka kulekele, a me nā hana haliia mai la mawaho, Soviet Aupuni - ka Central Hoʻokō Komite a me ka CPC, i ka noho male 'ana o ka Ahaolelo. Nō hoʻi ma ka halawai i aponoia Kumukanawai hana i legitimized ka Soviet? Eia. Mawaena o ka mea nui o ia mau mea - i ka Hōʻike "Ma ka pono o ka hana, a exploited kanaka", "Ma ka pekelala kulanui o ka repubalika", e like me ke kanawai ma ka socialization o ka aina. Na wahi aupuni o ka hana, a kauwa i Kapa hou i ka People ka Commissars. Before mea, i ka'Ōlelo Ho'ākāka i ka Pono o ka Lūkini kanaka. Eia hou, i ka CPC huli i migrant Nā Poʻe Isalama ma ka hikina, a ma Rusia. Lakou, ma ka huli, haʻi maila i nā pono kīvila o ka makaainana, o Laielohelohe poe hana o okoa nationalities i loko o ka na kumu o ka socialism apono ia. I ka 1921, hoomaka ae la ia e ka mineta malihini o ka Soviet? Eia.