He aha mea he mutation?

Mutations i kapaia noho'na makaainana i ulu loli i loko o ka 'ole o ka DNA o ola meaola, e alakai ana i ka muli o nā abnormalities i loko o ka ulu a me ka ulu ana. Pela, ua noonoo ia e like me ka mutation, kona kumu, a me na ia ma ka 'epekema o ka Mea Maluna. Ua E hoi e lohe i ka hopena o ka genotype ma loli ma ka ano.

He aha mea he mutation?

Nā kānakaʻepekema i aku nei au i na mutations ola a me ka manawa e noho i loko o ke kino loa o nā mea ola ma luna o ka Honua, eia hoi, ka mea hiki ke malama mai i kekahi mau haneri i loko o kekahi kino. I ka hoike ana o ko lākou oolea, a hilinai ma ka kumu ka mea, i hoʻonāukiuki a me ka mea i ae aaiaoe kaula.

Nā kumu o nā mutations

Nā kumu o nā mutations hiki e loa ka nohona, a me ka mea hiki e ole wale maoli ai, akā, i artificially i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. Epekema geneticists kuhikuhi i na kēia mau kumumea no ka hoʻololi:

1) pāhawewe (ionizing a me ka X) - me ka radioactive na kukuna maalo ae la oia ma ke kino ĸokoĸa ana nä pane huina'ine 'āhewa' ana o nā'ātoma, kūpono i ka hoʻohuikau 'o ka maʻamau functioning o Nine Inch, a liluwelo a me ka physico-Nine Inch keʻano o ka hanaʻana;

2) he mahuahua ma ke kino mahana hiki no hoi i loli aie i oi aku i ka paepae puka kino hoʻi nâ mea;

3) i loko o ka fission o ka halepaahao DNA i e hoʻopaneʻe 'ia ana a me ka ulu ana o kekahi manawa excessively kokololio;

4) "haki" kelepona hele DNA, ma hope a oia ina ka hoihoi hou mea hiki ole e hoʻi i ka'Ātoma i kona hoa noho, i hiki aku ai i nā hoʻololi inevitable.

Mea Maluna o mutations

Ke ao nei Alex oi ma mua o 30 loli o genotypes a me'ōewe loko o ola meaola kena ae la ia e mutations, a me ka mea, i ole mau hoikeia ma ka mawaho a maloko malformations, he nui wale o ia mau loa e noho malie hoi a me ka mai ole i discomfort. E imi i ka pane ana i ka ninau: "He aha mea he mutation" - ke pili i ka Mea Maluna a me ka mutogenov, a i Hoʻohui 'ke kaumaha ma muli o ko lākou hp'pnphp mea, lalau mai.

1. Ma ka typology o ka hoʻololi aeee maopopo ma waena o somatic a me generative mutation. First mālama i loko o mammalian keena o ola meaola, ka mea, ua ho'īli wale ma succession. E like me ka rula, ka mea, ua hanaʻia a hiki i kūpono 'ana o ke embryo i loko o ka opu (no ka laʻana, okoa ke kala mau maka a me ka' ole.). Lua pinepine hoike aku i ka mea kanu a me nā invertebrates, ua kena ae la e noho lakou malaila mawaho? Aneie aʻe (ka ulu o ka fungi ma luna o ka laau a me ka 'ole. D.).

2. wahi o mutated keena differentiate nukelea mutations i hopena 'ana ma luna o ka DNA (mai i pane i ka lapaau), a me ka cytoplasmic - hai aku i ka loli ma nā mea a pau keena a me fluids e pāʻani aku me ka Kernel (treatable paha e troubleshoot, ua mutations mea i kapa atavism).

3. ke kaumaha ma muli o nā kumu i hoonaukiuki i keʻano o nā loli maopopo maoli (moakaka) mutations ana Emo ole, a me kekahi kumu, a me kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni (ʻonou) - i ka hoʻokō 'ole' ia ma ka maʻamau functioning o Nine Inch a me ka physical keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

4. ke kaumaha ma muli o ka oolea o na mutations i māheleʻia i loko o:

1) genomic - loli ma ka helu o ke puhi ia o chromosomes (Down ka maʻi pale) ;

2)'ōewe mutations - loli ma ka nucleotide kaʻina? Ieoaeunoai i loko o ke kahua o ka hou DNA kaula makalii (phenylketonuria).

Meaning mutations

Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, ka mea, i nā palapala i ke kino, no ka mea, ālai ia 'aʻe me ka maʻamau ulu a me ka ulu, a me kekahi manawa, alakai i ka make. Mau mea kōkua ma mutations mai i hoʻomaka ai ka wa pau ole, a hiki ina e hooili ae i kale supernormal. Ka mea, i ka elue no ka hana 'ana o maoli wae , a he aha ka ke koho ana o ola meaola, e alakai ana i ka muli o hou? Ueo a degeneration. Ke'ī mai, i mai i ka ninau: "He aha mea he mutation" - ia mea kumukuai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ana keia mea i ka loli mea uuku i loko o ka DNA' ole, e loli ai i ka hooulu ana a me ka nui aayoaeuiinoe o ka pau meaola.