He aha mea he sonnet? Ke poem, he sonnet. Nā kākau o sonnets

A punahele o nā haku mele a me ka poetry kânaka sonnet ua iho mai o ka hana o Provencal hoouka hookae, nana i hana i ka naita ma Lyrics, a ua i ka mea mua e ia mele mele i loko o ka vernacular ma mua i loko o Roma. Ka inoa o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke hele hoʻi i ka Provencal hua'ōlelo sonet - sonorous, sonorous mele.

He aha mea he sonnet? I ka moolelo o ka hanana

Albigensian War (1209-1229) e uhi i ka hema o Farani, puʻe wale akula kēlā na hoouka hookae neʻe i Sicily, ma loko o nā 1200s ma Napela ma o ka haku mele a me ka haipule 'aha hoʻokolokolo o Frederick II, poetry kula i hana. i ka pilina kona elele a hiki i ka loli ana o ka sonnet - Italian mailaʻo ia iā SONETTO - na alakai Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo o kana hana. Sicilian haku mele nanea i ka Tuscan olelo, i mea mua ma ka huli ana o 13-14 kenekulia i hanaʻia i ke kumu o ka Italia 'ōlelo. kakau iho la he nui o na geniuses o ka pakebona sonnets: Petrarch, Dante, Boccaccio, Per De Ronsard, Lopes de Ka Vega, Shakespeare ... a lawe mai kēlā me kēia no ia a hiki i ka maʻiʻo o ka poem ka mea hou.

Hiʻona o nā kinona

Classic sonnet ninoieo o ka umikumamaha Verses. Ma ke au o ka Italia a me Palani pakebona haku mele poem kākau i loko o ka palapala o nā quatrains (quatrains) a me elua Terzigno (triplets), a me ka manawa o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia - ekolu quatrains a me hoʻokahi couplet.

Poem-Sonnet incredibly musically, ia mea no ka paakiki ole e ia mele mele no ka mea. Kekahi pāpana Ua loaʻa i ke aloha a hiki i ka alternation o käne a me ka feminine rhymes, i ka wa a ka stress hina ma ka hope, a, nolaila, ma ka penultimate syllable. I ka noiʻi i loaʻa i ka panina sonnet he 154 syllable, akā, i kēia moolelo i ole Ua hoʻokō me nā mea a pau i ka haku mele. Italy, France, a England - ka cradle o ekolu o ka poetic palapala. Nā kākau o sonnets - i hele mai, mai kela a me keia aina - ua i kekahi loli ma ka palapala a me ka haku mele 'ana.

lei o sonnets

Kēia mau 'ano o ka poem originated ma Italy i loko o ke kenekulia 13th. Ma ia 15 sonnets, a me ka mea hope, o ka papa kuhikuhiE theme like, a me ka manaʻo o ka mea'ē aʻe heʻumikumamāhā. No ia kumu, ua hoʻomaka 'ana mākou i hana i ka hopena. Ma kaʻumikumamālima sonnet nui nō ka mea mua -No-, a ma muli o ke kauoha, o ka mua sonnet pono pono hoʻomaka i ka mua laina, a pau me ka hope lua. No emi hana hoihoi nō i nā māhele o ka lei-poem. Ka mea'ē aʻe he umikumamakolu sonnets hope laina o ka mua pono i e ia i ka laina mua o ka mea e hiki mai ana.

Of Lūkini haku mele i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka honua moʻokalaleo, e hoomanao i ka inoa Vyacheslava Iwanowa a me Valery Bryusov. Ka mea e akakaʻi mea he sonnet, no laila, e hōʻike hoihoi i loko o ka lei aliʻi o sonnets ike. Ma Rusia, i kēia palapala no ke kākau 'ana originated i loko o ka 18th kenekulia. Ano akamai Valeriy Bryusov i ka haku o keia ano moʻokalaleo, a malama hoi i ka hoʻokumu kumu. Kona poem hope mai i ka lei o sonnets ( "e hoolilo mai moʻo") hoʻomaka me na laina.

"Heʻumikumamāhā hai mai iaʻu ia ua pono

Ka inoa o ka punahele Memories ola! "

, Pono, e pana aku au i kekahi wahi Ikepili a hiki i ka 'ano moʻokalaleo o ka haku mele' ana ua oi maopopo. Ma ka moolelo, o ka stanza hope o ka sonnet mua hoʻomaka a me ka welau a - i ka lua; kolu o sonnet hoʻomaka ka laina hope o ka mua kekahi, ma keia hihia - "! i ka inoa o ka punahele Memories alive" Ua hiki e ua kūkākūkāʻia ia Valeriy Bryusov hiki i ke oo loa i loko o kēia 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke. I ka lā, 150 ka palapala, ai heluia lei sonnets Lūkini haku mele, a ma laila nō ma kahi o 600 i loko o ke ao nei o ka poetry.

Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374). Ka Italian pakebona

Ka mea, kapa aku la ia ia i ke kanaka mua o ka pakebona a me ka mea nâna i ka panina philology. Franchesko Petrarka Ua hoʻonaʻauao loio, lilo iho la ke kahuna, akā, i noho ole e like me ka rula o ka theocentrism. Petrarch Hele a pau ma luna o 'Eulopa, i loko o ka hana o Cardinal hoomaka ae la i kona mau palapala, ai' 'oihana i loko o ke kauhale o Vaucluse ma ka hema o Farani. A pau o kona ola ana i ke ano o ka moʻolelo i kākau lima kahiko, a he makemake ko kahiko Classics - Virgil a Cicero. He nui o kona mau poem, me sonnets, Petrarch hoonoho iho la i loko o ka ohi ana o "Canzoniere", a literally 'o ia hoʻi "Book o Songs". I ka 1341 no kana mau palapala, ai 'e piʻi like kau me ka Pohon lei.

nō Hiʻona

Ke kumu nui hiʻona o Petrarch - e aloha, a me ke aloha, akā, ua aloha e ole e kaupalena 'ia na wahine akā, i ka hoa,' ohana, ano. Kēia manaʻo i mea lewa i loko o kāna hana. Kona puke "Kantsonere" pili e kukakuka iho Laura de Ka Puhi iho, i ka naita o ka ke kaikamahine. Collection Ua kākau aneane a pau ke ola, a he mau paʻi. Sonnets mua puke e kapaia "No ke ola o Laura," i ka lua o ka - ". Ma ka make ana o Laura" I huina, ke ohi - 366 Verses. Ka 317 sonnets o Petrarch malama ke kinoʻano o ka naʻau. Ma ka "Canzoniere" ka mea kākau ike i ka hana o ka poetry i ke oli i ka nani a me ka brutal Madonna. He idealizes Laura, akā, kona maoli ano ka mea, aole ia e lilo. Ke lyrical meʻe uaʻike piʻi a pau na ka'īnea o unrequited ke aloha a me ka ae aku, i ka mea, he e kue ana i ka kapu hoohiki. Ka loa kaulana sonnet mea kākau - 61, ma ka mea āna i manaʻo ai i kēlā me kēia minuke lilo me kona mau mea i aloha ai.

"E hoʻomaikaʻiʻia i ka lā, ka malama, kau, hola
A me ka manawa, i ka wa koʻu mau maka i halawai mau maka! "

Collection o Petrarch - he poetic hai aku, i loko o ka mea ana i expresses i kona lilo o ke ku okoa ana a me ka uhane kuokoa. He ua hele ma, akā, 'aʻole i mihi i ka aloha. He mea e hoapono ia ia, a hoonani aku honua kuko, no ka mea, me ke aloha, manaʻo kanaka hiki ole ola. Ke Kumu Holoholomoku, sonnet Hōʻike 'keia manao, a me ka mea mau i kākoʻo' haku mele o hope manawa.

Dzhovanni Bokkachcho (1313-1375). Ka Italian pakebona

Ka nui pakebona kākau moʻolelo (e ponoʻikeʻia no kāna hana "Ka Decameron") ua he keiki illegitimate, no laila, initially i malamaia lakou nei, me ka hoowahawaha ia, akā, i ke talena maluna, a me ka mea'ōpiopio haku mele i 'ike. Ka Make o Petrarch Boccaccio no laila, neʻe ana i palapala iho ai i ka sonnet i loko o kona hanohano, a hōʻike i ka manaʻo impermanence o ka honua ke ola.

"By Sennuchcho i Chino hui,

A Dante oe, a ma mua oe

A laila, hūnāʻia mai iā mākou a hooku iho la ia ia iho ka'ākeʻakeʻa mai. "

Dzhovanni Bokkachcho Hoolaa sonnets Dante Aligeri a me nā geniuses, a me ka hapanui importantly - wahine. Kona mea i aloha ai kapa iho la oia i kekahi inoa - Fiametta, akā, i kona aloha mea,ʻaʻole like sublime me Petrarch, a hou iho la i ka honua. He iki alters ka sonnet Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo a me kēia i ka nani o ka maka, ka lauoho, pāpālina, lehelehe, kākau e pili ana i kona attraction i ka nani a me ka ho'ākāka i ka physiological pono. Dodger a me ka punahele o na wahine me ka manao heʻoʻoleʻa hopena: kuhi hewa i loko o ke ano maikai a pau, a waiho wale aku no betrayal, Boccaccio i ka 1362 i kauoha hemolele.

Per De Ronsard (1524-1585). Ka Palani pakebona

Hânau 'ia i loko o kekahiʻohana o ka waiwai a me ka hanohano makua, Per De Ronsard i kela manawa no ka hoʻonaʻauao' ana i ka pono. I ka 1542, alaila, haawi mai scant hou Palani poetry poetic mika a me rhymes, no ka i ka mea i kapaia o deservedly ke "alii o ka haku mele." Auwe, no ka mea, o kona pomaikai ka mea, iʻino uku ia, a lilo ia i kona pepeiao, akā, aole oia i haalele i ke kuko o ka hoʻoponopono-hou. Pae holomua Lālā paʻa kahiko haku mele, manao iho Horace, a Virgil. Per De Ronsard i alakaʻi ma ka hana ana o kona mua:ʻo ia iʻike i ka mea a ka sonnet, a hōʻike i ka nani o na wahine, i kona aloha no ia. I ka haku mele, he ekolu muses: Cassandra Marie a Elena. Ma kekahi o na sonnets, oia hai ana i kona aloha i ka kekahi pouli-piʻipiʻi a me kaʻeleʻele-maka kaikamahine, a me assures ia i ole redheads a svetlookie ole i mea malamalama manaʻo:

"I i mea eleele mau maka ola i ke ahi ahi wela,
Au i oho mau maka, aʻike au e makemake 'ole ... "

Ka unuhi 'ana sonnets hanaʻia kēia mea kākau Lūkini kākau o ka iwakalua kenekulia - Vilgelm Levik a me Vladimir Nabokov.

Uilyam Shekspir (1564-1616). English pakebona

Ma waho o ka comedies nani a me ka pōʻino nui i heluʻia i loko o ka waihona waiwai o ke ao nei moʻokalaleo, kakau iho la Shakespeare 154 sonnets, o ka maikai hoihoi i Contemporary ka palapala, ai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Ua hai mai la ia i kana mau palapala i "keia ua ki nei, Oaka ae la kona naau." Ma kekahi sonnets mea kākau kaʻana i kona uhane i ka hoao ana, oiai kekahi poe i ua kaohi, hana keaka. Shakespeare hoolilo chetyrnadtsatistrofnye poem i kona hoa, a lāua mau Lede. Kēlā me kēia sonnet mea pono'ī nona helu, no laila ia mea oluolu e kuhikuhi i ka gradation o ka mea kākau i ka manaʻo kaumaha: ina ma na hana mua o lyrical meʻe mahalo nani, ma hope o 17 sonnets hele lealea nui aku ai no ka mā lama. Ma ka poem ma lalo helu 27-28, he aloha - mea ole ka olioli akā, he pulakaumaka nui.

Shakespeare ka sonnets i kākau ole wale i loko o ke aloha Halaman: i kekahi manawa i ka mea kākau hana like me ka poe akeakamai, eia aʻe e pili ana i ka make ole, a me ka hoahewa i ka hewa. Aka hoi, o ka wahine no ia - he mea he hemolele, a me ia mea pakele i ka olelo i ka nani ua destined e hoola i ke ao nei. Ma ka sonnet kaulana 130 Shakespeare mahalo i ka nani o ka honua, o kona mau mea i aloha ai: kona mau maka mai e like me na hoku, i ka complexion mea mamao aku, mai nä meaʻai malu o ka pua rose, akā,ʻo ia nei i loko o ka hope couplet:

"A nae oia i haawi mai ai ka apuepue,

ʻO wai ka mea ma ka nane hea lush misrepresented. "

Italia, ka 'ōlelo Palani a me Pelekānia sonnets: mea like a me nä mea

Pakebona i haawi mai ai na kanaka he nui masterpieces o ka moʻokalaleo. Ua hoʻomaka 'ana i loko o' Ikalia i loko o kaʻumikumamākolu kenekulia, ua nee aku no ia i kekahi wahi ma hope ana nou i Farani, a me nā kenekulia ma hope - maʻEnelani. O kela mea keia mea kākau, i kekahi kanaka maoli o ka aina, lawe mai i loko o ka palapala o ka sonnet kekahi loli, akā, hana mau ia e ka pili loa kumuhana - oli wahine maikai, a me ke aloha no ia ia.

Ke Classic Italian sonnet quatrains i kākau 'ia ma nā rhymes, i ae Terzetto e kākau i elua a ekolu, a me ka alternation o ke kane a me ka wahine rhymes ua ponoʻole. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ke kākauʻana i loko o ka stanza ke haule like me ka hope, a ma ka penultimate syllable.

I Palani, Ua kau i ka pāpā ma ka repetition o hua'ōlelo, a me ka hoʻohana 'ana o imprecise rhymes. Quatrains mai tercets pololei kaawale mai kekahi i kekahi syntactically. Haku mele o ka pakebona ma Farani i kākau sonnets desyatislozhnikom.

HOU Ua hoʻolauna i loko o 'Enelani. Haku mele i ka sonnet, akā, kahi o kona mau helehelena mea, iloko olaila ka elua quatrains a me nā TERCET he ekolu quatrains a me hoʻokahi couplet. Manao ai, pauku ua noʻonoʻo ke kī, a hanau mai la ia i ka expressive aphoristic kauä. I ka papaʻaina, hiki keʻike i ka normalized wale nō o nā rhymes ma kekahi'āina.

sonnet i keia la

Chetyrnadtsatistrofnaya palapala pauku palapala i ana Hawaiʻi, a me ka hana ana o Contemporary moʻolelo. I ka iwakalua kenekulia, ka loa, he pono ole o ka Palani kŘkohu. Ma hope o Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak brilliantly unuhi Shakespeare ka sonnets, ke kākau i hoihoi i loko o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia palapala. Ka la mahope o ka koi i kēia manawa. I loko nō o ka mea i na sonnets a pau i unuhi hookiekieia geniuses o ka moʻokalaleo, hoihoi i loko o kēia 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke koe pili a hiki i kēia lā: i ka 2009 Alexander Sharakshane paʻi i ka ohi me ka unuhi o ko Shakespeare ka sonnets.