Hypersonic "Ke kumuhana Ke 4202" a me kona hōʻike

"Mea o ka 4202" - he hōʻailona o ka hou Lūkini pāhana i loko o ka mahinaʻai o kēia koa hypersonic holo kaa (LA). E like me ke authoritative hoʻonohonoho 'mākau-oaio? A, kona holomua manaʻo e neutralize i ka pono i loko o ke kula o KUMUMANAʻO NUI mea kaua, a me ka US hoihoi e kiʻi ma luna o Rusia i ka hopena o ke kuhikuhi i ka hana o ka global Kao lele lako kaua malu nenoaiu.

E like me hoʻolaha ma ka mokuleleʻauheʻe holo

LA i kona māmā holo ano, ua mahele ia i loko o subsonic, supersonic a me ka hypersonic. Ma keia hihia, i ka mämä holo o ko lākou holo ana i hoike like dimensionless mea, mau 'ole. Called. Mach ka helu, i kapaʻia ma hope o ka'Aukekulia physicist Ernsta Maha, a denoted me ka palapala M. Lakina Mach helu mea dimensionless a me ka Nohie hiki ke hoakakaia like me ka lākiō o ka mokulele māmā holo i ka mämä holo o ke kani i loko o ka lewa ma ka haawi kiʻekiʻena. No laila, i ka mämä holo o ka mokulele i loko o 1 M (a M = 1) 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea kolo ana i ka mämä holo o ke kani. Ua hoʻomanaʻoʻia ai ia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kani māmā holo emi, no laila, i ke kumukuai o ka 1 M ma kekahi mau wahi kiekie, e hoʻopili like i kekahi cia, i hoike ma ka km / h. Pela, i loko o ka honua māmā waiwai hoʻopili like i ka M 1 1 224 km / h, a ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 11 ei - 1.062 km / h.

Supersonic mokulele māmā holo ke i oi aku i ka waiwai o ka 5 M (a M = 5), a me ka hypersonic nalo, ma ka māmā holo pono ma luna 5 M. naʻe, ka mea hiki kekahiʻoihana kaʻa ka hoʻohana 'ana i kupu mai i ka lele ma ka lewa aerodynamic ikaika, a me ka kumumanao loihi, mea nui ma mua o dogiperzvukovyh māmā holo.

Helu hoʻokaʻawale kumu hypersonic mokulele

Palena M 5 waena o supersonic a me ka hypersonic mokulele e i kohoia ma ka iho. Ka mea i ka wā e holo ai keia mämä holo hoʻololi me ka nui loa o ka ano o ka aerodynamic a me ka hōʻeuʻeu keʻano o ka hanaʻana pakahi kokoke i ka mokulele kino, a loko o kona mokulele hēkī engine. Mua, i ka mokuna, ahu iho o ka lewa e kahe ana a puni o ka mokulele, i ka mämä holo o ka 5 M e lalana ana mai i mau tausani degere ma ka wela (pakahi aku la ia i ka frontal hapa o ka mokulele), a me ka olalo e disintegrate i loko o Ion (dissociated) kinoea nā lātoma komo i loko o ka lewa. Physico-Nine Inch waiwai o keia ionized kinoea OAOOUIEeE me ka nui loa mai ka poe mai o maʻamau ea, ka mea mālama i ke komo i loko o Nine Inch naoh me ka ili o ka mokulele, he mea, pili pāhawewe a me au paialewa wela hoolilo ma waena o ka mea, a e kahe ana a puni o ka pele. No laila, pono e iʻoi aku ma mua o ka 'Amelika "Space moku ahikao" a me ka Soviet "Buran" ke LA wela pale kaua.

Eia hou kekahi, hypersonic mokulele mokulele hēkī engine pono i ka loa kūikawā manao i ka mea nana i like me kekahi o ka ikeia ano. Ka mea i loko o kekahi mokulele kiko'ī supersonic mokulele māmā holo pele o kaʻai ana ea, mai ka lewa i ke kahua o ka lewa-wahie läÿau, ua inevitably hoemi i subsonic (ole ia ole, e hopu i ka lewa, e komo i ka makemake nui o ka wahie). Ke hypersonic mokulele i ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka lewa pele i kela mea unacceptable - ma muli o ka ikehu huli ana kānāwai ua he kumu overheating o ka engine manao hehee wale, i hiki ole Makuakane me kekahi i ike ia mea.

mea i manao ai Hiʻona

Pake hypersonic mokulele (i loko o ka simplestʻano) like me ka mea kiko'ī a funnelsʻelua, hoʻokahi o ka i lawelawe 'ana me ka ea muliwai (ololi hapa o keʻano o ka mea'opihia, hui me ka injector o ka wahie a me ka lawelawe' ana me ka'ā keena), a me ka lua o funnel - he kīʻamo no OAAIeOO o ka mōhai kinoea, e pili ana ʻono wale nō ia. Kēia engine e kau pono ma lalo o ka fuselage o ka mokulele, i hana i kekahi kiʻi o hypersonic kaa.

Eia naʻe, e like me ka Hawaii hiki ole hana ma ka māmā holo emi o 5-6 M, e like me ka mea'opihia kahawai ua wale e lalana ana mai i ka mahana o ka pono no ka piha'ā. Nolaila, o ka loaʻoia iʻo ala, e lūlū aku iā hypersonic mokulele i ka makemake māmā holo o ka engine hoʻomaka (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ma ka keia ke kahua) mea i hoʻohana accelerator-separable rocket like ke kahua mua, i kekahi manawa ma ka hui pu ana, me ka accelerator pelane. Ma ke kiʻi i hoikeia ma lalo hypersonic mokulele Amelika X-52, paa ma lalo o ka eheu KUMUMANAʻO NUI bomber B-52.

State no ka oe hypersonic mokulele i loko o ka US

Ke US Ua lōʻihi hoʻomaka e hoʻomōhala hou ano o kūpono 'mea kaua. Mua o nā mea a pau, i kēia hypersonic mokulele. No laila, e like me ka hapa o DARPA manu lele Project Project? Ac? Rocket glider i koho HTV-2, e like me nā papahana o hypersonic kaa hui Boeing (X-43, ka X-51) i hoʻolako pono me ka ramjet kiko'ī e like me ka kekahi i loko o ka Hawaii photo luna. Ka mea, e hiki no e lawe ana warheads he mai i 450 kg, a hiki e nā nukelea warheads a me ka hopeʻia ka leo Naita me ia e pili ana me ka mana hiki luku hoomaluia KP enemi.

Boeing X-51 pāhana e e hiki i ka mämä holo i ka 6400 km / h. No ka mea manawa mua keia pa alima ua hoʻokiʻekiʻeʻia i loko o ka lewa i loko o May 2010. Aia he mau pomaikai ole oe hoʻomaka ', i pau ai i ka make ana o ka glider. Ma hope o kaawale ana mai o ka mokulele lawe lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe hōʻeleu i nā booster, i ke kanaka ma muli o ke koa a me ka tactical Kao lele lako kaua. Wale nō ma luna a hiki i ka mämä holo o ka 5400 km / h ua hō'ā makemake ole Hawaii o ka mokulele, i hōʻeleu i ai i ka moku peʻa māmā holo.

He aha mākou nalowale Soviet hypersonic Aey? Acaeoey

O ka holo ana, Rusia i e paleʻia aku kēia hoʻoweliweli. I kēia manawa i ka kūpono Soviet ulu i lawe mai ai i ka manaʻo. Ma na 80s o ka hope kenekulia mākou i ua holomua Aey? Acaeoey i loko o kēia wahi, a hiki i ka pau huahana - he rocket pelane X-90 pāhana "Gala". E like me ka poe akamai, i ka X-90 i ana a hemo mai ka mokulele pela hakuloli no keia mea, a ua hōʻeleu i 5400 km / h, i mea ka hypersonic palena. Akā, laila, hele mai la i ka "pomaikai Liberal (KS) 90", a me ka papahana i hōʻoki aku.

Rusia ka pane i "Washington"

Nei, ka mea kaulana Pelekāne koa noiʻi oaio Janes Information Group paʻi 'ike i loko o February hope makahiki i loko o Rusia ma ka paena "Dombarovsky" (Orenburg māhele' āina.) Lawelawe 'ia holo ho'āʻo ma o ka hypersonic mokulele ma lalo o ka hōʻailona U-71 (Yu-71). Ke kiʻi 4202, a, e like me ka mea ia iwaena konu, o ka generalized hōʻailona o nā mea a pau Lūkini hypersonic ulu ka hapa o ko mākou Kao lele lako kaua polokalamu.

Akā, me kona olelo kauoha ma ka hana e ole ka 'Oihana Kaua, a me ka Federal Space oihana i komo, a ma lalo o kaʻikena rula mea i oi ma mua o "uhi" o keia hana. Head OCD ia nā hana keaka ma "mea 4202" o "NPO 'enekinia," mai Moscow Reutova (ma mua rocket KB akamai mau Vladimir Chelomeya, a ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE nā mea haku polokalamu moku peʻa Kao lele lako kaua me ka meakino huahelu ballistic Kao lele lako kaua i loko o ka USSR).

Ma ke ala, i ke kahua o kēia poʻe he 'ike i loko o ka hana o ka weuweu 50-ies o ka hope kenekulia i loko o ka KB LA MP-1, hiki i kaʻoihana kaʻa i loko o ka lewa me ke kōkua o aerodynamic e hooponopono surfaces me hypersonic māmā holo. Holomua Launch o ka mea i lawe mai i ka 1961! No laila, i ka theme like o ka "mea 4202" i ka lōʻihi mōʻaukala.

Ka manaʻolana 'ia no ka mea Lūkini "hypersonic"

Mai ka helu o nā kumu ka mea, ua ike ia, mai ka hoʻomaka o ka 2000s, Rusia Ua hoomaka ka hana ma luna o kekahi "koa hypersonic" a ua hele no U-71, e kau aku i ka huina hoonui i ka prospective ballistic Kao lele lako kaua "Sarmat". Ke hou Russian supersonic mea 4202 ke hōʻeleu i ka mämä holo o ka 11.000 km / h, a hiki halihaliʻike mau a nukelea warhead. A hiki aku ka mea i hoʻomākaukauʻia eʻoihana kaʻa e like me ka nunui velocities, oiai i loko o ka lewa ma altitudes o 40 a hiki i 50 ei. No laila, ka mea hiki ole ke intercepted e kekahi hope Kao lele lako kaua pale nenoai.

ʻOiai kēia warheads o Melia ballistic Kao lele lako kaua a hiki hypersonic ka mämä holo i ka holo, akā, i ke ala o ka hua i ka ho omaulia, a nolaila i ka manawa kūpono o ka interception Kao lele lako kaua pale? Iae. Ke huahana o ka ia U-71 (mea 4202) Ua hiki ia oe, ma ka Akä, i ka luna 'ʻoihana kaʻa ma luna o ka unpredictable ala, hoʻololi papa a me ke kiekie ai ia ia meaʻaneʻane ole e intercept.

Ma keia hihia, he mea pono e kuhi i ka mua hoao mea 4202 i hooholoia i ka makahiki 2004. Ka mea, ua laila, i ka hope luna o ka General Staff o ka Russian na puali koa Yuri Baluyevsky Hoike ma ke kaomi kūkā ma hypersonic mokulele hōʻike, maneuvering ma ka papa a me ka kiʻekiʻena.

"Mea o ka 4202": na kapakai o America ma ka hypersonic

Ka Amelika kaomi Ua reacted i Lūkini hoao aku o ka hypersonic glider. He nui na nupepa i hoike aku au kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mea i ka US kou akamai o ke ake Laulā hahau mai kēia manawa mai i ka competitor nui. Inā i ka papahana "Property 4202" hana, e ke ana ana i loko o 10 makahiki Rusia e kiʻi nui "pu kāleka" i loko o ke kūkā 'ana me ka' Amelika. Ka mea o ia i loko o ke alo o hypersonic mokulele e e ua hoʻohiki e ku kekahi pale ma ka United States wale kekahi Kao lele lako kaua. No ka laʻana, ka mea ia "SARMAT", a e e hoʻouka kekahi mokulele, papahana ma ka "mea 4202". Hypersound i holo holo maneuvering uea eia kekahi he houʻano o ka mokulele - kēia mau mea na ano o keia hou kaua, a hiki e meaningless colossal neoneo o ka waiwai, e kūkulu US Kao lele lako kaua pale nenoai.