I ka papa kuhikuhiE lawelawe ala o ka spinal ke kaula

I ka mana i ka pau kino a me kela a me keia kanaka hui, Hawaii kaa, koi lawelawe ala o ka spinal kaula. Lākou ka papa kuhikuhiE hana mea i ka lāʻau ikiʻai haawi, hoouna aku la ke kanaka "kamepiula" i ke kino, o ka papa. Kekahi ole ma ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻouna 'ole e lawe i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale a reflex kōkua aloha o ke ano maoli o fraught me ka kaumaha pathologies, a ola ma ke ola.

He aha nō na alahele hele i loko o ka lolo a me ka spinal ke kaula?

Mau alahele o ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula malama me ka luna 'neural hale. Ma ka papa o ko lākou hana ihola i ka olelo hoopomaikai o ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale puu hua palaoa i loko o kekahi mau mea o ka poʻo mea. I mea, i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale i lepa induce i ke kino, e hana ma ka hea lolo. Kekahi mau pūʻulu o nā aʻalolo olona, ma ka like ana me nā hiʻona i mea lawelawe kaula ala. Mau nā:

• wānana nā aʻalolo;
• associative ala;
• commissural ka pū'āʻana spines.

Eia hou kekahi, operability o spinal conductors necessitates hoʻokaʻawale kēia Mea Maluna e like me a ia lakou i e:

• Hawaii;
• hoopa aku.

Ikepili koʻikoʻi pokole a me Hawaii aayoaeuiinoe o ke kanaka

A i 'ole sensory mau alahele ikepili koʻikoʻi spinal kaula a me ka lolo i ka paʻa mau hehee ai o ka palapala a ma waena o ka mau loa luna' nenoai i loko o ke kino. Ka mea, hoouna aku la i impulsive olelo hoohiki i kēlā hui, kēia, Muscle olona, mau lima a me na wawae. Mail memo o ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale neaiaea - kumu i ka manaʻo o ka hooholo ke kākoʻo '-ordinated kanaka kino neʻe, hana me ke noi ana o kekahi manao hana. Lāʻau ikiʻai wale hoouna lolo nā aʻalolo olona, ke ike ma ke ano o ka nano, i ke ano o ka eha, kino mahana aaeei, hui a me ka Muscle motility.

Hawaii mau alahele o ka spinal lolo hooholo i ka pono o ke kanaka reflex naoh. Hoomaopopo ana i ka olelo hoopomaikai o ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale lepa, mai ke poo a hiki i ka lapa a hāʻule pahū a me reflex muscular'ōnaehana, ka mea, e haawi aku i ka kanaka i ka hiki i ka pakiko Hawaii mākau - ōhumu. Pū ma luna o kēia mau alahele kuleana no inducing ka EYI o impulses ma ke ala e hiki aku o ka pilikia makapō a me ka auditory nā loko.

Auhea na alahele hele?

Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono anatomical nā kūlana o ka spinalʻaha, e pono e hana i ka mea ma ka loa lawelawe ala o ka spinal kaula e aia, e like me keia manawa ua manao iho i na mea he nui nā aʻalolo olona, a me ka fabrics. Ko lākou mea hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ho'ākāka 'ia e pōʻino' ona: poʻo, a keʻokeʻo. Interconnected cortex a spinal pepeiaohao haʻalele a me ka pololei hemispheres, ka neural mau alahele ma nā loulou i hui 'ma waena o nā ikepili papa elua.

I ka mana o na conductors i ka loa nui kanaka nā loko ma ka hoʻokō 'ana i nā Pahuhopu manao ma kekahi oihana. Ma 'ana, ka lawelawe aoao pono o ka spinalʻaha e aia i loko o ka luna vertebra a me ke poo, i ho'ākāka' ia ma ka mea i oi aku au mamuli mea hiki ma keia aoao:

1. Associative pilina - he ano o "na alahaka" e hoʻohui i ka māhele 'āina ma waena o nā hemispheres cortex a me ka spinal nuclei waiwai. I kā lākou puluniu 'ole ana i loko o nā nui like' ole. KŘpa a pōkole mai e hele ma kela aoao o ka hemisphere a me ka lolo lobes. Hou neurons ke hoʻouna i ka lāʻau ikiʻai maalo ae la oia ma ka kekahi mamao i ke oho mea.
2. Commissural ala i kino me ka callused 'ole a me ka hanaʻia ma ka hana o ka lānai hou i hanaʻia i huiʻia mahele ana i loko o ke poo a me ka spinal kaula. Olona, mai ka papa kuhikuhiE kaʻana like 'ana ua pua i nā kukuna e like, ka mea i hoonohoia ma ka keʻokeʻo spinal waiwai.
3. Wānana nā aʻalolo olona, i hoonoho iho 'ana i loko o ka spinal kaula. Kā lākou hana mau hiʻohiʻona nō impulses e koke e ala aʻeʻoe i loko o ka hemisphere, a, e hookupaa aku i ke kamaʻilio me ka na nā loko. Ka mahele i pii aku ana, a iho mai ana mau alahele o ka spinalʻaha ka mea, i hele mai ai i kēia 'ano o ka puluniu.

Ka'ōnaehana kupuʻia, a kahe iho conductors

Pii mau alahele o ka spinal kaula e i ke kanaka e pono ai no ka hihiʻo, ka lohe ana, Hawaii oihana, a me ko lakou hui 'ana me ka nui nenoai o ke kino. Receptorsʻikepili pili 'o Randy i loko o ka makahiki ma waena o ka hypothalamus, a me ka mua Hoʻohana o ka spinal kolamu. e hiki ke lawe a hoʻouna aku i ka hou hoʻonui ka lāʻau ikiʻai e hele mai ana, mai ka ili o ka luna papa o na epidermis a me mucous membranes, ola-kākoʻo keʻena ma lalo nei ke pii aku ala o ka spinal kaula.

I huli ai oe, e iho mai ana spinal mau alahele loaʻa i ke kēia 'hehee wale i loko o kona kahua.

• Pyramidal neuron (originates i loko o ka cerebral cortex, laila, ke kome iho, piliwaiwai ma ka lolo kumu, a me kēlā me kēia laau ua aia ma luna o kona mau pepeiao, spinal).
• Neuron Central (engine ua ai pili aku i ka alo pu hemispheres a me ka wauke me reflex rootlets; pu me axons ma ka kaulahao a me nā oihana mua o kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu).
• Spinocerebellar olona, (conductors o laloʻaoʻao a me spinal kolamu, me lahilahi auka a me ka ligament).

An maʻamau kanaka, i hana kūikawā ma ke kahua o ka neurosurgery, ia mea paakiki kupono, e ike i ka'ōnaehana, i ka luna 'lawelawe ala o ka spinal kaula. Anatomia o ka 'Oihana mea maoli i hookahuli ai' ole he o neural impulse EYI. Akā, i ke aloha i kona mau kanaka kino ole me he hookahi pa alima. Aie i ka papalua olelo ma i ka spinal kaula e lawelawe ala ua hoakaka ia ma ka wā EYI o impulses i lawe 'ike, mai ka lāʻau hui,.

Guides hohonu sensory

'Ole o nā aʻalolo laulau e hana ana ma ka keu aku kuhikuhi, He nunui-apana. Mau lawelawe alanui i hanaʻia o kaʻaha spinal kekahi mau oihana mua:

• Burdach mea nana i ulana, a mea nana i ulana Gaulle (alanui i hohonu pā lonoaʻili manaʻo ma kaʻaoʻao hope o ka spinal kolamu);
• spinothalamic mea ulana lole (aia ma kaʻaoʻao o ka spinal kolamu);
• Gowers mea nana i ulana, a mea nana i ulana Flechsig (cerebellar ala aia ma kaʻaoʻao kolamu).

Loko intervertebral aka wahi ke aupuni ' keena o neurons hohonu loa o ka pā lonoaʻili. Keʻano o ka hanaʻana IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE maʻike ākea hoʻopunipuni i pau i loko o ka loa kupono Muscle'aʻaʻa, tendons, osteochondral olona, a me kā lākou mau receptors. I huli ai oe, o ka pivot aeea keʻano o ka hanaʻana, maluhia iho la ma ke kua, e malama i ke kuhikuhi ana i ka spinal kaula. Ma ka hohonu pā lonoaʻili, posterior nā aʻalolo aʻa mai e komo hohonu i loko o ka oho mea, ho okumu i ka posterior spinal kolamu.

Where mau olona, komo i ka spinalʻula, e hookaawale aku la lakou i loko o pōkole a me ka lōʻihi. Hou mau alahele spinal kaula a me ka lolo e hoouna aku ai i na hemispheres, ma ka mea mau i ka'ano'ē redistribution. Ka hapa nui o ia mau nō i loko o nā cii o ka mua a me ka hope o Central convolutions, a ma ka pāpale aliʻi.

Ua penei i ua hana i kaʻikepili alanui pā lonoaʻili, ma i kekahi kanaka hiki ke haha mai ana i kona muscular-articular i hoʻomākaukauʻia, e haha aku i kekahi ka hele 'ole kamakawiwo ole tactile nano. Mea nana i ulana Gaulle, Aia pono ma ka waena konu o ka spinal kaula, E kńka ahi i ka pā lonoaʻili o ka hapa malalo o ka torso. Ka laau Burdach ke aupuni 'ma luna a me ka lawelawe' ana me ke alakai pā lonoaʻili luna lala a me ka torso like kāleka.

Pehea la oe i ike ai e pili ana i ka nui o sensory?

Hooholo hohonu pā lonoaʻili ka papahelu hiki i kekahi mau mea e ho'āʻo ai. E lawe ia mai i ka hoʻomanawanui pani i ko lakou mau maka. Kona hana mea e hōʻike laja ma i ka lapaau a me nā kānakaʻimi noiʻi i ka OE ano o ke noi i loko o na ami o na manamana, lima a me na wawae. Ua mea i kupono e wehewehe i au mamuli o ka kino kulou paha wahi mea i kona mau lala.

Me ke kōkua o kekahi (tuning fork) no ka kamakawiwo ole pā lonoaʻili, e hiki e makaikai i ka lawelawe aoao pono o ka spinal kaula. Nā mana o kēia mea, e kōkua i ka ho onoho ana i ka manawa manawa a ka hoʻomanawanui pono Kahalaopuna ke kuekueni. E hana i kēia, lawe i ka manaʻo, a kaomi ma luna o ka mea, e lohe kani. Ma keia wahi, e pono e kau ma luna o kekahi pokou kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ke kino. Ma ka hihia ma ka pā lonoaʻili, e hina ia mua aku ma mua i loko o nā hihia, ka mea hiki ke ea mea i luku ai i ka hope kia.

Hoao aku i ka manao o ka IIeEeAIEUAA hoʻohuʻu i ka hoomanawanui, me kona mau maka paa hou mai la, e kuhikuhi mai la lakou i ka wahi i kahi e no kekahi mau kekona mua ka mea hoopa aku la ia kanaka noiʻi. Kupono anakahi ua manaoia laila, ina o ka hoʻomanawanui ua komo i loko o kekahi kenimika hewa.

Ke hoʻopā pā lonoaʻili o ka ili

Ka 'ole o ka lawelawe mau alahele o ka spinal kaula, e hooholo i ka degere o ka ili pā lonoaʻili i kaʻike ākea kiʻekiʻe. Ka mea i ka neural keʻano o ka hanaʻana limahana ma ka ili protoneyrona receptors. Appendages, Aia manaʻo nui i loko o ka hope loa o keʻano o ka hanaʻana, ke alahula pololei a hiki i ka spinal kaula, no laila, ua loaʻa ua hana Lisauera wahi.

E like me ke alanui hohonu pā lonoaʻili,ʻili ua haku o kekahi mau sequentially hui nā aʻalolo keena. I e like me ke aʻalolo olona, spinothalamic mea ulana loleʻikepili ka lāʻau ikiʻai pū i hiki mai ka laloʻaoʻao a me ka haʻahaʻa torso kāleka, e iki luna, a ma waena o.

Skin pā lonoaʻili loli aʻe e like me nā ana hoʻohālike ma muli o ke 'ano o ka stimulus. Ia mea:

• wela;
• thermal;
• eha;
• tactile.

Ma kēiaʻano hope o ka ili pā lonoaʻili, ka mea, ua ana ho'īli hohonu pā lonoaʻili conductors.

Pehea la oe i ike ai e pili ana i ka eha paepae, a me ka mahana unuhi?

E hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka eha, kauka hoʻohana walania iho la hana. Ma ka loa unexpected wahi no ka hoʻomanawanui i ke kauka i kekahi mau kukui jabs me ka uuku kui. hoomanawanui i ka maka e e pani, no ka ike i ka mea i hanaia, ka mea pono ole.

Paepae ho oholo i ka mahana pā lonoaʻili, he mama. Ma ka maʻamau moku'āina i ke kanaka i ka hoao anaʻokoʻa ka waiʻona ma ke ma mahana, a unuhi i kahi o 1-2 °. E kuhikuhi i ka pathological hewa i loko o ka 'aʻe o ka ili pā lonoaʻili, kauka e hoʻohana i ka kūikawā mea - termoesteziometr. Inā ia mea ole, e mea hiki, e hoao ai i ka wela a me ka wela i ka wai.

Pathologies pili me ka hoʻopōʻino mau alahele

Ma ke kupuʻia ma amau o ka lawelawe ala i hana ia e ka spinalʻula ma keia kulana, ai kekahi kanaka ke hāhā tactile nano. E hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i ka pono, e lawe i kekahi mea palupalu, akahai a me ka rhythmic mea i ka lole loiloi no ka 'ike o ke degere o ka pā lonoaʻili, e like me hōʻoia o ka heluia na lauoho naoh, hulu, etc.

Kāna hana e pili pū ana i ka ili pā lonoaʻili, i ka lā, i kēia mau noonoo:

1. Anesthesia - piha lilo o ka ili pā lonoaʻili i ka hana i ho'ākāka 'ili honua kahi o ke kino. I Ina o ka 'aʻe' ana o eha pā lonoaʻili ia lŘlŘ analgesia, a me ka mahana - ardanesthesia.
2. Hyperaesthesia - anesthesia aʻe kŰia ia lŘlŘ ma haʻahaʻa excitation paepae, ina eia kahi mea akaka gipalgeziya mahuahua.
3. Kuhi hewa irritants (e laʻa me, ka hoʻomanawanui ua hui anu a me ka wela) ka dysesthesia.
4. Paresthesia - he kāna hana hoikeana a hiki e he nui loa, HEN, mai crawling formication, manaʻo o ka hawewe a me kona hooholo ma ka pau meaola.
5. Hyperpathia i ka loa vivid hōʻike. Ua hoi kamaʻilioʻana e eo ai thalamus, e hooho ana i ka paepae puka o ka excitability, hikiʻole e hōʻike Tuamotu irritant, kaumaha psycho-mea naʻau 'ia nā pōpō o nā mea a pau i ka hanaia, a ua abrupt Hawaii pane.

Mall Hiʻona downlink conductors

E iho mai ana lolo a me ka spinalʻaha mau alahele nā mau laulau, me:

• pyramidal;
• Rubra, spinal;
• vestibular-spinal;
• reticulo-spinal;
• posterior lonikū.

A pau o ka mea ma luna hehee - Hawaii mau alahele o ka spinalʻaha, i nā eiiiiiaiou o nā aʻalolo laulau ma ka lalo ka ao ao.

Ka ai-kapaia pyramidal ala hoomaka mai ka nui o ka like aeee i loko o ka luna, ahu iho o ka lolo,ʻano nui i loko o ka wahi o ka kikowaena gyrus. Ua mea i ke alahele anterior spinalʻaha - keia mea ua kuhikuhi ia nui i hehee ai o ka'ōnaehana, a hele ma kekahi mau oihana o ka hope hip-mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku. Ma ka wahi o ke kuʻina o ka medulla a me ka spinalʻaha hiki ke loaʻa i kekahi hapa o ke kea, ho okumu i ka pololei pyramidal mea ulana lole.

Ke tegmentum hoike lawelawe Rubra-spinal ala. Omaka ka mea, e kaili mai i ka ula nucleus. I ka exiting kona olona, i kela aoao, a hoao i loko o ka spinal kaula ma Warhol, a me ka medulla oblongata. Rubra-spinal ala e leie aku impulses mai ka cerebellum a me ka basal ganglia.

Mau alahele o keʻokeʻo mea o ka spinalʻaha hoomaka i Deiters 'nucleus. Aia i loko o ka brainstem, vestibulo-spinal ala hoomau ma ka dorsal a terminates ma kona alo pepeiao. Mai ke alakaʻi mele hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka hooholo ia ana o impulses mai ka vestibular nakeke i ka Hawaii neurons o kaʻike ākea nenoaiu.

Ka hei keena o ka hindbrain kahua hoʻomaka reticulo-spinal ala i loko o ke keʻokeʻo mea o ka spinalʻaha ka hapanui puehu liilii ia e kanaka, tuftsʻaoʻao a me ka alo. I mea, ia mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE loulou ma waena o ka reflex konu o ka lolo a me ka musculoskeletal nenoaiu.

Posterior lonikū ligament ua kekahi limahana ma ka pili ana me ka Hawaii nā hale o ka lolo kumu. Ka mea, e loli ai i ka hana o ka oculomotor nuclei a me ka vestibular nenoaia like me ka a pau. Ka hope lonikū kaola o Nyos i loko o ka cervical spine.

Hopena o spinalʻaha mai

Penei, ka lawelawe aoao pono o ka spinalʻaha mea e pōʻino ai pili aku oihana mua i i kekahi kanaka i ka manawa kūpono o ka neʻeʻana a me ka pā lonoaʻili. Neurophysiologyʻikepili mau kuamoo, i pili i nā 'o ka' ole o ka spine. Ua ua ike ia spinalʻaha 'ole hoopuniia oukou e ka Muscle olona, i ka paukūʻolokaʻa shape. Loko o ka spinal brainstem waiwai associative a me ka Hawaii reflex mau alahele mana i ka functionality o nā nenoai o ke kino.

Ma ka hanana o spinalʻaha maʻi, me mechanical poino paha malformation conductivity ma waena o nā kumu o-oaio? A elua hiki ke me ka nui loa hoemi. Kāna hana mau alahele olelo hooweliweli aku ke kanaka piha cessation o physical haʻawina, a me ka poho o sensory pokole.

Ke kumu nui no ka nele o impulse conduction o ka make ana o nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale. Ka loa paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe o ka conduction haunaele ma waena o ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula ka lōlō a me ka nele o ka waiʻona ma loko o na lala. A laila, hiki mai ai ka pilikia i loko o ka na nā loko, lolo poino pili me ka neural ligament. No ka laʻana, haunaele ma ka haʻahaʻa o ka spinal kumu hoike no ka kipi urination a me ka naʻau i ka neʻe 'ana.

Mai hana spinal kaula maʻi a me ka mau alahele?

Waleʻikeʻia degenerative loli aneane koke lewa i loko o ka pilina o ka spinal kaula ha awina. Ka hoʻoluhi hewa reflexes hiki aku ai i ka haʻi pathological loli, kena ae la ma ka poho o neural olona. Loa ana, e hoihoi aku i ka haʻihaʻi i conductivity mau mea hiki ole i ke. Ka maʻi ia lŘlŘ hoʻomaka koke a progresses me ka uila holo, no laila, ninau loa conduction abnormalities hiki wale nō ia, inā manaʻoi hoʻokoe 'hoʻomaka ka lapaʻauʻia. Ke koke keia ua hana, i ka mea i oi aku e ia i ka manawa o ka cessation o pathological? Acaeoey.

'Ole' ana i lawelawe-undergoing spinal'āpana ma ka pono o ka lapaʻau, ka iniiaiie hana ana o ka mea, e pau ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka make nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale. Ua hiki ke loaʻa wale ina ka kāohi aʻe i alakaʻi ai i ke ano o ka maʻi. Wale laila, hiki oe hoʻomaka Inc me ka AIM o kā mākou hiki hou ana mai o sensory a me Hawaii i hana '.

ka lapaʻauʻia lapaʻau ua nona i noho i ke kaʻina hana o ka make lolo keena. Kā lākou hana o ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka hihia hoʻi krovopodachi i ka pōʻino, ua make 'āpana o ka spinal kaula. Ma lapaʻau kauka noonoo makahiki hiʻona, 'ano a me ka oolea o ka poino a me ka maʻi Holomua. I Inc mau alahele mea nui e malama i ka ikaika stimulation o nā aʻalolo olona, ma ka mea o ka pou lāʻau ikiʻai wale. Kēia, e malama i kupono Muscle leo.

ʻoki kino ua hana e hoihoi spinal kaula conduction, naʻe ka mea, ua lawe mai i loko o nāʻaoʻao:

1. Suppression o na kumu o ka lōlō o neural pili 'o Randy.
2. Stimulation o ka spinal kumu no ke kakahiaka nui āpana o nalowale hana.

Hana pono e ma mua ma ka hoʻokolokolo pono 'inikua ninaninau ana i ke kino a pau. Kēia e hoʻoholo i ka IIeEeAIEUAA keʻano o ka hanaʻana degeneration o nā aʻalolo olona. Ma na hihia o ka loa spinal nā palapū, e pono mua wehe i ka mīkini'opihia kumu.