Iaaiey. XIX. Algorithmic? Ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia

E ho okumu i kekahi papa hana e pono ai walaʻauʻana algorithmic manao. Ma hope o ka easiest koho no ka hoʻoponopono pilikia. Ua hiki ke hoʻohana ', e laʻa me, no ka hoohana ia me ka homogeneous examples. Aia nō nā ano: ai manamana ai Loop. Mea e uhi nō i loko o kēia 'atikala. Akā, mua oe pono e maopopo i ka algorithm mea i mau.

algorithm

Ka hua'ōlelo "algorithm" hele mai, mai ka Lakina algoritmi. He aha aʻole ia ke ano o? Pono hua'ōlelo hele mai ana, mai ka inoa o ka makemakika, nā hana a i wahi ma ka IX kenekulia. Manawa hoonoho AL Khorezmi kanaka ke lilo i poe ike i ke kumu oʻano o algorithmic manao a me ka nui me ka mea mau manaʻo.

Mua ke ano o ka pela ua aponoia - "algorithm". Ano ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia wale nō ma kekahi mau hihia.

Algorithm - he kaʻina hana a 'o ia hoʻi hoʻololi i ka palapalaʻikepili, a ia lŘlŘ ma discrete kapuwai. Me keia manaʻo, kēlā kanaka maka i loko o ke ola, ka mea ana i ua. Algorithms hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia i kī a me ka ai, multiplication a hou, pāʻoihana o nā helu kaulike, a no laila, ma luna o. D. a pau nā mīkini home nona ka hana a kaʻina ua hana nona iho, hana ma hoike a me ke kapuai koi' ia ma o ka unu lawelawe iaiyoe. Oia algorithms i kapaia ko ka hale ona. Aia i'ē aʻe ano. E mākou huli ia.

'ano o nā algorithms

XIX. Algorithmic hale e māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau ano, a e e kūkākūkā i loko o kēia paukū. He aha mau mea?

1. Information. Oia algorithms e hana ana me ka nui dala o aeaiiuo, akā, i ka oāwa i ka leo o ka aaioee liilii, ma ka lōʻihi, a uncomplicated.
2. Na Makuahine. Ka hana o ia algorithms ua pili me ka 'ike i ka mea i loaʻa mai i ka ua kahi. Ma ka loaʻa 'hoouna hana no lepa, e hoʻopaʻa i ka hana ana o na manao ona.
3. Me. Like ka algorithms ike i ho'ākāka 'ia e hana ana me ka dala uuku o kaʻikepili, akā, paka i ka nui hana kaʻina.

I mea, o ka algorithm mea pololei a hiki i ka huna uuku au mamuli aʻo. Naʻe, i nā mea a pau me neia ikepili hiki ke kapaia wehewehe i ka manaʻo. E maopopo i ka algorithm ke aʻo a me ka ole, ia e ke kulana kupono no ke alo o kekahi mau waiwai.

mall o algorithms

All nui algorithmic manao pono i hana i ka mea, "e hoolohe ai." E hoomanao i keia ninau i hou au mamuli.

Inā hoʻopau ai i ke Track i ka hana ana o na algorithms a me kā lākou mau waiwai, e hiki ike i ole ike pono kā lākou constituents, maopopo iho la i nui, e pono i ke kumumanao. Ka pololei hopena ua loaa, a hiki ina oe e pili ai i ka makemake me mechanical hana. Mai keia, ua hiki ke manao nei makou, ma muli o ka nele o ka manaʻo i loko o ka kaʻike hana, ka algorithm Ua hiki, e uku no ka manaʻo o ke kamepiula. Ma nā'ōlelo, no ka hana nona iho i na mea maalea i kauoha mai loaʻa nui o keia kaʻina.

He aha ka waiwai pono i ka hoʻokumu paʻa algorithmic manao no i kā mākou e neʻe hana?

1. Understandability. Kēlā me kēia hui e e like akaka holo mea. Pēlā ka manaʻo i ka mea i hiki ma mua, no ka laʻana, huki i ke kiko ma ka konu, he mea, akā, e ua i ka pela mai ka hui, a e hana i ka hana, ka mea hiki ole ke hana.
2. Effectiveness. A 'o ia hoʻi i keia waiwai? Koi 'ia ma ka' imi i ka hopena. Ke algorithm hiki ole aka, e alakai i kekahi ano o ka pane. Manawa i ka hewa, e hiki ke kiʻi i ka hewa hopena i i makemake, akā,ʻo ia makemake ai. A, pono e loaa mai ma hope o kekahi mau helu o nāʻanuʻu i ka pane.
3. Mass. Kekahi algorithm E e pili ana i kekahi papa o ka pilikia. Ma waena o ia mea, e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane hoʻokomo oʻikepili.
4. Pono. Kēlā me kēia hana, e i hoʻokahi wale nōʻano, a i haawi aku i ka manawa kūpono no ka mea derivative decryption. Maikaʻi loa, aole i ka nui o ka polokalamu i ee mea, i ka hopena e ia i ka ia i na wa a pau.
5. Discrete. Algorithm - e ku i manaʻo me ke kapuai hookahi. Kēlā me kēia mua o ke kauoha e skip a hui hou poʻe hiki ole.
6. Pono. Kekahi algorithm i mea pili i kekahi ano o ka hana, pono e pololei no ka kela mea keia mea. Ma iaaiey, eia pinepine ole pilikia i loko o ka palapala kapuwai, a pinepine mai koi i ka puu o ka manawa, a me ka lawe mai lākou no nāʻano o nā nīnau. No laila, nui i ka anu u, e ia e debug i ka algorithm. Hiki ke kōkua a me keia a me ke kumu o algorithmic manao, i ka repetition o ka i makemake e alakai i ka maikaʻi i nā hualoaʻa.

Description o algorithms

Inā mākou e kamailio ana pehea e kākau algorithms, ka mea e kahińuli i ka kēia:

• Ia hoʻi. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, i loko o ka 'ōlelo, i mea kupono i ka olelo ke keʻena.
• Table. Kekahi hoʻonohonoho, ka algorithm ua palapala i loko o ka papaʻaina, a ana hoʻohana me he kākoʻo hehee ai.
• Haʻilula-waha. Ke kumu ia waha 'izyasneniya hana, akā, i kākau ia hana huapalapala a makemakika nā papakuhikuhi.
• Graphic. Oia ka algorithm ua kākau 'ia ma ka' ōlelo kūikawā flowcharts.

He mea pono e möakäka hou i ka hope wahi. He aha mea he flowchart? Keia laina a nonlinear algorithm, na kapuai o ka a i palapalaia. Hoʻohana kūikawā naehana. Ka mea, i kā lākou mau hoʻonohonohoʻia, manao a me ka ho'āʻo. Ma ka hihia o keia ano, o ka algorithm palapala aeie mau kiʻikuhi i, i mea interconnected laina. Ka mea pono i kākau i ka ua 'ana (ka anu u).

algorithmic manao

Kekahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i na algorithms mai i i 3 ano, a me 4. Ke kumu o algorithmic manao: laina, ai manamana, cyclic. He aha ka ke kumu o ia ka misconception, ia mea i maopopo. Eia naʻe, no ka poe noonoo ole pāʻoihana i ka luna 'pilikia ka hoʻohana kamepiula algorithms no kēia mau' ano nui pūʻulu ekolu. E mākou huli ia.

1. Laina. Kēia computational kaʻina loaʻa kēia inoa ku i ka mea i ka poʻe i lawe i hana mai i loko o ka laina kaʻina, ai kēlā me ka anu u ua hana hou ma mua o kekahi manawa. Inā i ke ano o ka pilikia, ua noonoo, a laila ka mea, ālai 'kau kekahi ma luna o ka mea'ē aʻe, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hana ana o ke kaʻina helu. Laina algorithms hana i loko o ia ke ala i ka palapalaʻikepili 'aʻole e hoʻololi i ke kauoha a me ka ano o ka hana. Oia pāʻoihana kupono iaoia no ka Me i ka huina a me koena unuhi, heʻahā like ke ano, a no kona anapuni, a no laila, ma luna o. N. ka papa kuhikuhiEʻano o algorithmic manao i kēia nui ia.
2. Ai manamana ai. Kēia computational kaʻina hoʻohuʻu ke alo aku o ka Logicalʻana (ka LP) a me ke koho ana o na kumu (lala "wahahee" a me ka "oiaio"). Ma kēlā me kēia hihia, ka mea ike wale kekahi o na eiiaiaeu elua a oi. No pilikia a me ka hiki ole ia, i e e hoʻokō nō nō nā koho. Inā na lala elua o ka algorithm, ia mea hemahema, ina oi aku mamua o elua - luna '. Ka hope kaʻina mea oluolu i ka uku o ka mea mua. I ka papa kuhikuhiEʻano o algorithmic manao o ka mua wahi, a me ka lua. ʻO kēia palapala ua i komo i loko o kēia papa.
3. Cyclical. Kēia algorithm e pono hehee ai ua hou, oiai hoʻohana okoa hoʻokomo oʻikepili. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ua kapaia ia ka kaʻina hana o ka pōʻaiapuni.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea a pau i ka nui algorithmic manao (e hahai ana, lala, puka lou) i interconnected i kekahi i kekahi, eia nae ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana kaawale.

E pili ana puka lou a me ko lakou mau ano

He aha ka mea e lawe i ka hana i ka loop?

• Ke loop LIKE. He He ee iaaanu aey i Ho'ākāka 'o ka loiloi mua waiwai, a me ka repetition o ka hoʻokō' ia e loli. Ua pono pono ke komo i loko o ka algorithm. Walaʻauʻana algorithmic? Ieoaeunoai o ke kino-type hana ole ia e makemake ai ole.
• Hoʻololi i ka 'inideka ma luna o ka' ike ma mua o ka hou repetition o ka pōʻaiapuni.
• Hōʻoia ana i ka kamepiula manao ina paha e hou "pepa" loop a oi ka mea, aohe pono.

Pōʻaiapuni hiki e deterministic a me ka iterative. Ka mea mua o ka 'oiaʻiʻo me ka ike helu o repetitions. Iterative kalapona - kekahi mea ua hai he indefinite nui o ka manawa a hiki i keʻano mea oiaio a hoopunipuni.

Ke kumu o algorithm

He waiwai, e hoomanao i ke kumu o algorithmic hale mai, mai hoʻokomo i ka kumu o algorithm. He aha ka mea? Kēia manaʻo ua hou i loaʻa i loko o ke kālā no moʻokalaleo, akā, i kēia 'aʻole i manaʻo' ia ia hana a hou i koe. Ua haawiia i ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana o ka pilikia i e pilikia kekahi mau lala paha, e ka mea kēia hopena. XIX. Algorithmic? Ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia (laina, ai manamana, cyclic) e walaʻauʻana. I ka mea, e ho "mall pa alima" o kela a me keia no laila,-kapaia kuhikuhi.

laina algorithms

E like me ka hala ole oe i ka luna, kekahi algorithms i laina a me ka 'ole-laina. i keʻano mua noonoo. No ke aha la ka mea i kapa ia? A pau loa na mea. Ka mea ka mea a pau i nā hana a pau i hoʻokani i ka algorithm, i maopopo e ku manaʻo o nāʻanuʻu i pololei kekahi ma hope o kekahi. Nō kāu, i kēia mau hana i ka poe liilii, a i ka haahaa nui o ka manaʻo pohihihi.

An kumu o ka laina algorithm hiki e ke kaʻina hana o ka makaukau o ke kī.

1. E ninini i ka wai i loko o ka ipu lepo.
2. E kau i ka ipu lepo ma luna o ke kapuahi e hoolapalapa.
3. Lawe i ke kiaha.
4. Ninini iho i loko o ke kīʻaha o ke kī.
5. Hoʻohui i ke kōpaʻa.
6. Ma hope o nā kapuahi e wela ka wai ninini i loko o ke kiaha.
7. E ka puna.
8. Hookonokono kōpaʻa.

Iaaiey walaʻauʻana algorithmic hale - kaumaha lawa ka hana, akā, ina ia mea he laina algorithm, ia mea pinepine loa oluolu, e hoʻokō ia.

ai manamana ai algorithms

Pehea e maopopo i ka algorithm ua ai manamana ai? He nui iho la ia e hōʻoia 'ia' oe i ke koho ana o elua a oi papa o ka hana, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hana ana o ka ai ole ana. Kēlā me kēia alanui ua kapaia he lala.

Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka ai manamana ai algorithm o ke ola ana o ka conditional lala. Ua lŘlŘ i ka hoao ana olelo i ka oiaio a me ka wahahee.

Nō kāu, ka Logical, ka 'aoʻao i poe hana mana "emi o", "hou", "emi ma mua a me ka ewaewa ole", "oi aku ia mamua a me ka ewaewa ole i ka", "like", "ʻAʻole kaulike." I kekahi manawa, loaʻa nō nā kinolau ma keʻano pili me kēlā me kēia 'ē aʻe ma ke kauoha a (? U)' ole (a).

An kumu o ia ka algorithm i e ka pāʻoihana a hiki i ka mea kēia pilikia. Ina o ka hōʻike ((m + 3) / 1) Ua like ia me ka maikaʻi helu, laila, hōʻike 'ana i ka hopena ma luna o ka pale, ina io - e hai aku i ka mea hoʻohana e pili ana i ka hewa.

Simple lawa i mea e hoʻohana i ka kumu o algorithmic manao. Ai manamana ai ka kekahi o ka loa e like me ka ano no ka hoʻoponopono.

Deterministic kalapona a mai ka pōʻaiapuni loan

Ka pōʻaiapuni o ke ee - kalapona i ka loaʻa o ke ee iaaanu aey e hoʻololi i ka kekahiʻanuʻu waiwai. I Wa ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka hoʻohana' ole i hoakaka ia ma ka programmer ka wā kākau lako polokalamu. Ka hapa nui o nā 'ōlelo no keia pōʻaiapuni hoʻohana i Aʻole no.

I ka polokalamu, e hōʻike 'elua hoi lalani 4 manawa:

1. "Pehea e oe?"
2. "Ua pono, aloha aku oe!"
3. "Pehea e oe?"
4. "Ua pono, aloha aku oe!"

Pono e hana i kekahi deterministic pōʻaiapuni. Pehea 'aʻole ia e nānā? E hoʻohana i ka 'ōlelo "Pascal" no ka pokole maikaʻi o ka manao.

1. No ka au: = 1 i 2 hana:

- I mea he eea kalapona, ka mea e hoʻoholo i ka helu ana o repetitions i loko o ka loop.

2. E ho omaka (hamama curly māhele i nā hopuna elua o ke kino kalapona, a puana pu.)

3. Writeln ( 'Pehea e oe?'):

- i ka hua'ōlelo 'o ia hoʻi writeln ka hopena nä hopuna i loko o hoʻokahi o nā kaha puana'ī.

4. Writeln ( 'Paheona, hoalohaloha aku').

5. Ka pau.

6. I: = e + 1.

E like me 'oe ke ike, he oluolu a me ka hiki leʻaleʻa e hoʻohana walaʻauʻana algorithmic manao. XIX. Algorithms maoli nō hoʻi iʻikeʻia, me ia ia mea hiki ole ke kākau papahana.

Pōʻaiapuni me ka postcondition

Kalapona me ka postcondition hiki ke hai i indefinite helu o ka hana me ka hoʻokomo 'ana i ka Aʻole koo aku a hui hua'ōlelo. He E e hana ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hookahi. Ua Ua hana kalapona a i ke kulana mea wahahee. He mahana ma ke kahua o ka pololei nā hoailona. Ma keia algorithm ka mea, ua kūkuluʻia. Walaʻauʻana algorithmic? Ieoaeunoai o kēia 'ano o ka hana ana ma keia ua uuku ae.

No kō o kēia pōʻaiapuni pono i manao ai E hana hou i A a B. Literally ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi "e' oe i nāʻanuʻu a ke kulana mea wahahee." Alaila, ka mea, ua kaheaia ma ka A iho repetition kaʻina ma B -ʻikepili e lawe i ka pololei waiwai i ka hopena.

Pōʻaiapuni me ka precondition

Kalapona me ka postcondition ua kūkulu i loko o ia ke alanui i ka mea, ua hana ma ka liʻiliʻi koke i loko o kekahi hihia. Eia naʻe, he mau hihia, i ka wa o ka pōʻaiapuni ua koi 'ia i loko o ka hihia o ke ana, a me ka pono ole e lawe mai i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o ka recurrence. I ole ia, i ka hopena e e pololei ole. Ia mea i loko o keia hihia he loop me ka precondition. E ho okumu i ka mea e pono ai manao «ana A hana B». Ke kime mua ua literally unuhi i "loa." A - na kumu, a me ka - hana i e e hai. Ka mea a pau i manao ai o ia hoʻi, "a i keʻano mea oiaio, hana i ka hana."

All nui algorithmic manao hana wale nō i loko o kekahi mau hihia. He aha nā mea i loko o ka loop me ka precondition? Inā 'oe pono e e hai aku ma mua o kekahi hana, akā, mau, a laila' oe a hui māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana, a kūikawā brackets e hoʻohana 'ia. i pono ole ke hana i ka pōʻaiapuni ina keʻano mea i oiaio, i ka wa e komo ai i loko o ia. Alaila, e e hou i ka hana ina ia mea pololei.

Ke kākoʻo algorithm

Ke kākoʻo algorithm Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o nā keʻano o ka hanaʻana ma wale kona inoa hoakaka ana. He He He kumu nui algorithmic manao aole i pili. I iaaiey 'ōlelo ua kapaia oaeouee? Ia hana a kaʻina hana. E kōkua i ka hana a me ka hoopai karaima, a laila, hou aku wawe ke hoʻoponopono pilikia o kela hana ua hui i loko o kekahi pa alima, a mea he kākoʻo algorithm. Kēlā me kēia no ia ke noi aku i kona inoa, i leie aku a laila pinepine ae la oia, e leka uila iā ia.