Kaʻapu kōheoheo anticholinesterase konohiki. He aha ka anticholinesterases?

ma neurons EYI lāʻau ikiʻai wale ua hoʻolako 'ia e kūikawā waiwai - uao. Kekahi o ka neurotransmitter mea acetylcholine. Mau konohiki, oiai ma ka synapses, he aha ka mea i ka halepaahao membranes a kiola lākou inhibition a stimulation, a ma o na la like 'ole. Ka oi neurotransmitter a pipili ma kekahi nā'ūhū.

Anticholinesterase ai ': hiʻona a me na hana

Ma ka anticholinesterase ai 'i ka poe i inhibit ka'ūhū cholinesterase. Kēia'ūhū pili mai nei ma ka hydrolysis o ka neurotransmitter acetylcholine, i? Aaeaao lāʻau ikiʻai wale ma susceptible ia mea synapses parasympathetic nā aʻalolo, ganglia, a ma nā mea a pau somatic olona. anticholinesterases i ua hoʻololi i e ka hōʻoi 'situational hana o ka acetylcholine neurons, a me ka stimulation o kekahi mau wahi o ka'emi ko kahua. Ke hoʻohana i kēia mau ai 'mai ka hopena ma luna o ka meaola holoʻokoʻa.

Hana anticholinesterases mea i 'ano like me ke kanawai o ka stimulation o cholinergic nā aʻalolo. Mau ai 'pāʻani aku me ka ia paena ma luna o ka mea loaʻa' ilikai ha awina like acetylcholine, ma laila e pili ana i ka hanaʻia o ke aʻalolo pau ana. Cholinomimetics a anticholinesterase Luna mea, ma ka mea, o ka ia pae o pharmacological waiwai. He nui na ano o ka ai 'i oko i loko o kā lākou Nine Inch' ole a me ka reversibility o ka hana. Cholinesterase blockers e māheleʻia i loko o reversible a me ka irreversible.

O ia hoʻi, he reversible hana

Anticholinesterases - hoomakaukau reversible hana mau o ka Nine Inch 'ole o carbamicʻakika nā mea kemika a me ka like aminoalcohols. Naoh ke keʻena ka paleʻana cholinesterase, e lilo ia iʻakika welau, a hoʻokau i ka'ūhū me ka lātoma nui oi ku paa auanei ke kamaʻilio ma mua o ia i ka mea i hanaʻia ma ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka acetylcholine. Piha loa ia'na o keia hui ia lŘlŘ ma hydrolysis no 3-4 hola.

Ma keʻano o ka reversible anticholinesterase ia mea "galantamine", "physostigmine", "Neostigmine" ( 'ole "Neostigmine"), "pyridostigmine," "oksazil", "rivastigmine", "edrophonium."

Ma phosphorous - he waiwai irreversible hana

Mea haʻilula keimikala irreversible hana o keia pae i ka organophosphorus i huiʻia. Mau waiwai inhibit acetylcholinesterase no ka lōʻihi manawa. Phosphorus, i mea i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o nā' ano apau loa nā lātoma he paa i huiia me ka'ūhū, i hiki ola i loko o ke kino no kekahi mau lā a hiki pule. Koi koi dala acetylcholinesterase ia lŘlŘ ma ke kahua o ka hou nā lātoma. Kēia pae o i huiʻia nā "phosphacol", "Armin", "trichlorfon", "Malathion", "dichlorvos" ʻawahia waiwai, hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka papa o ke koa ana - sarin a me ka soman.

Organophosphate ai 'i mahaloʻawahia. Ua pinepine ia ma ka maʻamau o ke ola me insecticides; kaʻapu kōheoheo hiki ma kā lākou mau pololei ole ana a me ka 'ole-ana i kona akua o ka palekana ana.

Waiwai anticholinesterase ai '

Ma ka kekahi similarity ma waena o ka ona e paka i ke kino anticholinesterases, nāʻikepili no kela a me keia o ia mea kūikawā. E noonoo i ka mea hiki ia wā lawelawe i loko o ka kino hiki no kekahi laʻana, "neostigmine".

"Neostigmine" mea i loaʻa i loko o ampoules i loko o ka palapala o ka 0,05% pāʻoihana a injected subcutaneously paha intravenously. I ka injected i loko o ke koko e kōkua ai i nā ka hooholo ia ana o ka lāʻau ikiʻai i loko o neuromuscular EYI, a me ka ganglia o ka autonomic ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Ua hoikeia mai ke hoomanawanui i ka ano like penei:

• aie i ka mea hoʻopoepoe Muscle contraction o na iris haumāna ua hou;
• ia lŘlŘ spasm o ka noho, me ka maka aniani kuhi he convex shape ku i ka hoʻomaha Zinn laulau o ka pulakaumaka ua hoonoho i ke kokoke mamao, ke hiki, e hoomaopopo mamao mea ua a loa hoemiia;
• ua hoʻemi naau kōmi;
• maoli i ka leo o ka'ōlohelohe nāʻiʻo o na nā loko - naehana'āpana, opu a me ka naʻau liʻiliʻi, uterus, bladder;
• hoʻokāʻoi skeletal Muscle contractions aie i ka iaono? ienoai e hooholo ia ana o impulses ma synapses;
• hoonuiia secretion o exocrine glands - hou, salivary, bronchial, gastric.

palapala noi

Mau waiwai i kuleana no ka hana ana i keia pae ana o ai 'ma ka lapaau ana i kekahi hihia. Nāʻikepili anticholinesterase konohiki ua i kaupalena 'ia kekahi maʻi, no ka mea, i ka hopena ma luna o ka Central a me kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, e kauoha ana i ka nohona ma ia ma luna o ka meaola holoʻokoʻa. Loa pinepine ka mea, e hoonoho iho i loko o 'aʻe o ka innervation, a me ka leo o ka skeletal a ala apuupuu Muscle.

E noonoo i ka manawa kūpono o ka iapaau ana me ka anticholinesterase Luna hiki ia i ka hana o ka "neostigmine". Kēia ka lapaʻauʻia He He reversible hana noi ma ka myasthenia - he autoimmune maʻi, i ka lewa i loko o ka nawaliwali o ka skeletal nāʻiʻo. Ka maʻi hoike mai ai ia ia iho ma ua hoʻemi mua leo lehalehu t nāʻiʻo, a laila, i ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o nāʻiʻo i loko o ka'ā'ī, luna, a malaloʻaoʻao; i loa na, naehana hanu ole ma muli o ka lawa ponoʻole hoohana ia ana o ka diaphragm. "Neostigmine" symptomatic hana ma ke kino, hoihoi i ka EYI o impulses i ka neuromuscular EYI, ka hoʻomaikaʻi Muscle leo a me ka Hawaii aayoaeuiinoe ua kōkua ai i nā.

No hoi, ua haawiia mai keia k i loko o ka postoperative au i ka wa a ka digestive'āpana a me atony o ka urinary bladder. Ma ophthalmology ka mea, ua kākaʻikahi hōʻike no ka glaucoma e ho'ēmi i intraocular puʻe. E like me ka hoa ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka overdose o Muscle relaxants a me ka ai' antidepolyarizuyuschego hana. Kēlā wā i kēia wā "Neostigmine" ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka hoʻoulu Muscle contractions me ka nawaliwali ka hana.

Alzheimer maʻi

Hoomakaukau reversible hana i ua hoʻohana no ka maʻi o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu, ia mea paakiki i ka pono. Alzheimer ka maʻi ua hoonohoia "galantamine" - he alkaloid loaa mai na tubers o snowdrops ano Galantus ( "Rivastigmine", 'aka "Exelon"), akā, i ka loa therapeutically ka hoʻokō lilo "donepezil", i selectively ālai' ka acetylcholinesterase ma ka lolo synapses a kokoke aʻole e pili mai kona ʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu.

Contraindications

Ma muli o ka hopena o ka cholinesterase ai 'reversible hana, contraindications i kā lākou mākaʻikaʻi i epilepsy, asthma, angina pectoris, Parkinson ka maʻi a me ka likeʻole kāna hana o ka cardiac conduction nenoaiu.

Symptoms o overdose a me kaʻapu kōheoheo AChE

Kaʻapu kōheoheo anticholinesterases haawi symptoms 'ana pili me excessive stimulation o receptors ikepili koʻikoʻi i ka acetylcholine. Pupillary malama, ka meheu o ka naau i kela (bradycardia), bronchial spasm a - aole - dyspnea symptoms hyperperistalsis gastrointestinal'āpana a ka luaʻi, a diarrhea, pinepine urination. Ua hoemiia ke koko, me heʻilihune o ka ke peleki pāʻana kanawai o ka vagal nā aʻalolo. I hoʻomaka ai chaotic contractions a twitch skeletal Muscle a me ka alelo ma muli o ka conduction kāna hana i loko o neuromuscular EYI.

kaʻapu kōheoheo FOS

'Ai, inu a Organophosphorus i huiʻia ma o na la he lapaʻau kiʻi i like i kaʻapu kōheoheo iā konohiki reversible anticholinesterase hana. Symptoms e ikea malamalama no i ka kaʻawahia maluna o ka ai '. No ka symptoms o kaʻapu kōheoheo i ka somatic kiʻekiʻe e pākuʻi i ka ona ma ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana pae - ka hilahila, disorientation, naehana hanu kaumaha.

Organophosphorus i huiʻia i ka pahi cramps, blurred hihiʻo, dyspnea, sweating, loa ka luaʻi, manaʻo pīhoihoi - ka hoʻomanawanui hoʻomaka e panic, e lilo ia i unmanageable. No ka mea, o ka pahee Muscle spasm manaʻo, heʻoi eha i loko o kona'ōpū. I ka mea hōʻemi i hoʻomaka ai cramps, ke koko, i lalo, coma e hoʻomōhala ai. Make kānāwai ma muli o ka lōlō o ka naehana waena.

Similar symptoms i malama ma ka hihia o kaʻapu kōheoheo Amanita muscaria. O ke kumu ho i kā lākou maʻiʻo o muscarinic - make me ka cholinomimetic hana.

Hana ma ka hihia o kaʻapu kōheoheo

Mālama 'ma ka hihia o kaʻapu kōheoheoʻana me ka anticholinesterase Luna hiki i wale i ka hoʻomalu. Ma kēia hihia, ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana ua hoʻolauna "Atropine" subcutaneous ka pahu kui mea hiki, e hāʻawi aku "Metacin" 'ole' ē aʻe anticholinergics. He pono e malama i hanu ma ka pae kūpono. Hiki ke hoʻohana 'tracheotomy, me mechanical hoʻokomo ea a me ka oxygenation.

I ka hale kaʻapu kōheoheo FOS kuhikuhi i ke kumu o ka make e komo i ke kino. Inā ka waiwai i komo iloko ma kaʻili, ka mea, ua holoi 3-5% soda pāʻoihana a me ka wai a me ke kopa. Ma ka hihia ma ka lāʻau i ua kino, lawe mai gastric lavage, mau enemas, haawi adsorbents paha laxatives. Inā ka organophosphorus hui i ua manawa e haule iho ai i ka nui loa i loko o ke koko, ua häʻawi mai diurez ka hoʻohana 'ana diuretic ai'. I kekahi manawa, ma laila i ki ina hana like o ke kānana i ke koko ma ka hemodialysis a me ka hemosorption.

Eia kekahi, ma ka hihia o kaʻapu kōheoheo FOS hoonoho Reaktivatory cholinesterase, i ka wā lawelawe i loko o ka mua mau hola ma hope o intoxication hiki hoihoi wahi nā'ūhū. Ua hiki e "Izonitrozin", "Trimedoksim", "Dipiroksim". Inā ke koko, mea kiʻekiʻe, symptomatically hoakaka antihypertensive ai '. ua haawiia mai i ka poe mea e ole pili i ka Central ko mākou hopohopo kahua koho. Me ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o ka noho'na makaainana i ulu hanu mea he mechanical e hoʻokomo ea a me ka haawi ana ka oxygen.