Ka hū like me ka ole? hū propagation aoao

Ma keia 'atikala, mākou e kālele ana ma luna o ia hana hoihoi anakahi iki-meaola e like me ka hū. E like me ka mea hoonui? Ma keia ninau mākou i ke pane. Oe, e aʻo i nā hiʻona i? Aneii hū.

Nā'ōlelo - o ka pilikia ka pua o ka hou keena, i mea'ālike i ka makua. Ke no o ka ia, ka hapanui o ka hookahi-aa? Meaola mea e hoʻonui ai i ka heluna kanaka nui. Kēia kaʻina hana o nā microorganismsʻano nui ma muli o ke "pili" me kā lākou hoopuniia lakou moʻomeheu meakino. It e ho okumu i ka ho'ā 'ia, a hooponopono i ka hana ana o kekahi mau nā'ūhū.

ʻepekema, ua loaʻa i nā'ūhū reducers - mana hoemi konohiki i i kuu i loko o ka meakino i ka wa o ka ulu ia lŘlŘ ka lohi dala o ke hū keena. Ka mea hana ma ke kelepona heleʻili lahilahi (no ka kumuʻiʻo disulfide paa ana). Ma keia iwi i permeable i ka loaa ana o ka nutrient meakino. Kēia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ka biosynthesis nā'ūhū, me constitutive.

hū propagation aoao

E 'ana i kā mākou kumuhana. "Hū paʻi ma spores paha ole?" - ka pane a hiki i keia ninau i kekahi henua. Ka mea i na keena o kēia mau meaola, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka moʻomeheu keia, hiki ke paʻi nā kiʻie a vegetatively. Palapala hope hoʻoholo i pili i ka kekahi pūʻulu o biologically kuokoa (a laila 'ohana) mahele ana, ma ka i opuu ae, a ma ka opuu ae, pau puunaue. Currently, i ho'ākāka 'eha ke ano o ka vegetative propagation o ka hū.

Ka muaʻano o nā'ōlelo vegetative

He kaulana, no ka mea hoike, i ka genus Saccharomyces (i loko o Saccharomycetaceaeʻohana). Ma keia hihia, no ka mea o ka i ka iwi ninoieo o maternal aeee ua i hoololiia pololei a hiki i ka iwi hou kaikamahine keena. Ma nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao loiloi mua o ka ulu ana loaa iho la lakou ia i ka hopena o ka mea i ka mea, ua synthesized a me ke kiʻekiʻe o accumulates ma ke kumu o nā puʻupaʻa wale. Pela scars nō i loko o ka wahi o ka nui loa curvature o ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi. Pinepine ka mea, e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi, ka mea i hoonohonoho ia ma kaʻoni iho a hoa kanaka.

Naʻe, i kēia kaʻina mea i ano o nā mea a pau meaola pili ana i ka pae ana o unicellular fungi kapaia "hū". Like kā lākou 'ē aʻe? Aneii? Ueo? Mākou e hoʻomau mākou moʻolelo.

Ka lua oʻano

ʻO kekahiʻano o vegetative propagation ua malama i loko o ka hū genera Hanseniaspora a me Saccharo-mycodes (ohana Saccharoinycoaaceae). Kona hiʻona - Polar i opuu ae, ma ia ho okumu i mau me ka makaʻu no. Ma keia hihia, hakuʻala (mea multiplies hū) ua hanaʻia e like me ka hopena o protrusionsʻaʻa puʻuwai me ka makaʻu no, i koe, mai ka mua i opuu ae, a me ka i pohā ma waena o na keena moe.

Ke kolu oʻano

He ua i loko o ka ohana o ka hū Schizosaccharomyceta-seae (no ka mea hoike, i ka genus Schizosaccharomyces). Ano o keiaʻano mea i ka ulu o ka halepaahao membranes biopolyaren. Ka hou mea o ka hanaʻia, ke keena, ua waihoia ma ke ano o ka annular outgrowth mai aeea oaio a hiki i kona kihi i ka welau o ka papa.

Vegetative nā'ōlelo: ka ha o type

He ano o Endomyces magnusii, kā lākou paukūʻolokaʻa keena. Ma keia hihia, ma ka mahele ana i ka mall loli malama ma kona iwi. Inā he mea i ka hailona o moku, ka iwi ua mele o kekahi mau papa, a i hoonohonoho ai ia laua, a manao ma ka rumen kekahi i kekahi.

mitosis

kekahi hapa o ka mall me ka ho okumu nucleus a me ka cytoplasm puka i ke kaikamahine keena o ka makua i micropropagation. Ma mua o kēlā me kēia māhele aeea ia chromosomes mea e pâʻani 'o ia kekahi i ka manawa a pau i ka mea hookahi manawa. Kēia e hōʻoiaʻiʻoʻaʻahu o ka makana ma waena o ka hui ma lalo, a me ka makua aeea. Ma keia ano o ka nukelea fission, i ua kapaia mitosis ua malama pololei a eia i ka helu ana o chromosomes i loko o ka halepaahao hanauna.

I opuu ae makuahine aeea

We ike i ka hakuʻala - ka mea i multiplies ka wā hū vegetatively. Inā mākou e noonoo i kēia kaʻina hana i ka manawa, ka mea, i ke kaulana ia ma kahi o hoʻokahi hora kaikamahine aeea hana loa i loko o kaʻoi loa aku ana. Akā,ʻo kekahi ia hiki ole 'oe endlessly i opuu ae kaʻina. Mom aeea oiai i ka wa e ola ana mai ka awelika o ka 25-30 i opuu ae (tribal scars). Deterrent o kēia kaʻina - ka loli ma ka halepaahao paia 'ole, a ua pili i scarring. i kekahi ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o kona pono keia mau mea ili, a ho'ēmi i kā ka pūnao a me ka kumuʻiʻo maʻiʻo, DNA, RNA ma na keena, a hele aku ai e ho'ōla i ka make ka mea, alakai.

Oe ke koho i kekahi ala e, 'ana i kumumanaʻo o ka ninau a pehea e ole ka hū. Hoopaapaa i kēia kaʻina mea. Kēia papa hana ua kapa moe. E hoi kakou i ka mea i loko o oi au mamuli.

Moe pololei o ke kumu kāki i

Hū multiplication a ia lŘlŘ me nā kiʻie paha vegetatively ho i, mai keia wahi o Hawaii i ou wahi lihi iki o ka hoihoi. Ua nuiʻepekema i aʻo i ka hana o kēia mau microorganisms. Lakou ike i ka moe iaoiaeii ua pili i ka germination o spores, a nō i loko o ka asci a mauʻeke (i kapaʻia ka mea, ascospores) i loko o vegetative keena. E like me ka mea hūʻole paʻi ma spores? E ka maka ia.

Kēia kaʻina ua pu ma ka mahele ana o ka nucleus ma meiosis. I ka culturing hū mea heʻoi hoʻololi mai ka piha i ka meakino ilihune ma ka mahuaola, ma ke alo o ka lawa humidity, a me ka paa hoʻomāhuahua o ke koena 'ona i loko o ka halepaahao, a komo i ka o oxygen ia lŘlŘ sporulation. Mai ana ia ascospores e hoʻopale i adverse? Aneie rula (ka maloʻoʻana, kiʻekiʻe wela), akā, ka mea e emi thermally ka pilina paʻa ma mua o ka mea koʻohune spores. Ascospores make i ka wela o ka ma kahi o 60 ° C, no ka mea hoi mea koʻohune spores ke hoole aku i ke kiekie wela - kapuahi e ka wai, a hiki kiʻekiʻe.

Ascospores e hana ana i ka hopena o ka moe kuʻi nukeliu 2 hū keena, a me ka mahope māhele o ka nucleus o ka fertilized. Ka mea, hiki e mai kekahi i ka eha, i kekahi manawa ewalu i loko o hoʻokahi ascus. Inā na rula no ka ulu vegetative mea maikaʻi, nā spores germinate ma hou moʻomeheu meakino, a laila, i hou-hakuʻala keena.

Ke ola kalapona o ka hū

I ka hū, ke ola kalapona ua pili me ka alternating spore a me ka vegetative propagation meʻano lōʻihi o diploid a me ka haploid kūlana. Hū Saccharomyces, ma a he mea no hoi e kahuliia gaplo- a me ka diplofaz, māheleʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu: gomotallichnye a me ka heterothallic.

heterothallic ke kanana nei

Heterothallic ke kanana nei i ka pilina paʻa haploid, a me ka diploid pae. Ma keia hihia, e hiki ke hoonui vegetatively loa, a ua neʻe ma i ka sporulation ma lalo o adverse rula o ka diploid keena. E like me ka hopena, i hana haploid spore asci, kela mea keia mea o ka i no i kekahi o 2-penei kekahiʻAno. Ke kanaka, ke'ī mai hana wale ia ka halawai ana me 2 ascospores a me aeee mai okoa haploid ke kanana nei, kūpono ana ma ke kahua o ka zygote, a me ka diplofaza hoihoiia.

Gomotallichnye ke kanana nei

Gomotallichnye ke kanana nei mai heterothallic OAOOUIEeE i loko o ia mea, i ka hale lio diplofaza. Kaʻawale mai ka ninau haploid spores hana diploid 'ole. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ma ka MOKUNA XXXIII o ka hookahi spore ia lŘlŘ samodiploidizatsiya (kuʻi nukeliu o haploid aeee) aie i ka mea i na spores ke e pili ana i loko o kekahi ana ai 'ole poe maternal haploid keena mai kona maka.

A malaila gomotallichnyh hū penei kekahiʻAno. AF Rusnak aʻo hū? Ueo SACCH. vini, a i hoʻohana ma winemaking. Ua kaulana ke ola ana o kēia mau huapalapala nui o nā lāhui kanaka kēlā hana. Ma hope o ke kālailai ka mea, i ke kanaka noiʻi i manao ai, i keʻano o kā lākou puleʻAmelika, gomotallichna.

Aka hoi, e hiki ke paʻi vegetatively kekahi hū haploid moku'āina no ka lōʻihi manawa. E like me he kumu Chizosaccharomyces a me ka Zygosaccharomyces. Haploid aeee e sporulation merge, ho okumu i ka diploid zygote. A laila, me ke kōkua o ke meiosis mea i hookaawale ai a haawi ala i ka eha a ewalu haploid spores. Ka mea, germinate, a ma hope o ka manawa hoʻomaka e mahuahua ma ka haploid moku'āina asexually.

Maikaʻi heluʻai sporulation

Këia microorganisms, e like me ka hū (e like me ka mea, hoʻopulapula), noiʻi ike i ka pūnao, a me ka nohona ma aayoaeuiinoe o microorganisms ka meheu o ka wa sporulation. Keia ano e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ke ola o ko lākou mau noho lakou malaila no vegetative propagation ana. Nolaila, sporulation, a hiehie i ke kaʻina hana o ka mālama o ka laha 'a me ka? Aneii, e ke noʻonoʻo me ka maikaʻi koe i loko o ka ulu ana o ka hū meaola.

Hopena o ke ao B. Pazoni

B. Pazoni aʻo pehea hū eʻalo mai. Ka mea, Ua loaa hoihoi 'hualoaʻa ma ke kanawai ma ka hoʻokōʻana a me ke ola aayoaeuiinoe o kēia mau microorganismsʻanuʻu o ka moe nā'ōlelo. Moʻomeheu o ka waina hūʻole, a hele me ka hou sporulation a me ka spore germination kaʻina diploidization,ʻoi i ka mämä holo o ka fermentation o ka wort moʻomeheu i kēia kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao i ole i hala. I ho'āʻo ai i lawe mai i loko o poluproizvodstvennyh rula, ua he emi fermentation au mai ka 35 lā i 21-31.

No laila, i hana ai oe i halawai me neia hana hoihoi anakahi iki-meaola e like me ka hū. E like me ka mea hoonui, e oe i ike. Mākou manaʻolana no ka hiʻona i ka papa kuhikuhiE aoao elua. Ka hū paʻi ma spores, a opuu ae. Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau kiʻina hana ua lawe mai i loko o kekahi mau kumu, a me kela mea keia mea o lakou i kona mau ano.