Ka mokulele La-7: hoakaka, Nails, kiʻi

Soviet mokulele La-7 Ua hanaia ma OKB-21 (i ke kulanakauhale o Gorky, manawa Nizhny Novgorod -). He alakaʻi ka hooulu ana o SA Lavochkin - kekahi o kaʻoi Soviet akamai. Kēia mokulele i kekahi o ka loa ka hoʻokō 'ano o ka hakakā mokulele manawa o ke Kaua II. He hui na mana loa nui no ka ea superiority - maneuverability a me nā mea kaua.

Overview

LA-7 - pelane, a hiki e hoʻolaha me ka monoplane (ka mea i kekahi paʻa o nā'ēheu). Ua loaʻa he hookahi-engine, aia i loko o ke kakaka, a me ka hookahi noho - no ka ke kahu moku. Kona, hoʻokomo - 5-kinai mokulele, kekahi hoʻomohala i loko o ka 21 ka m EDO. aku i ka mua prototype o ka mokulele (ma LA-120 eiae) i loko o November 1943.

I ka hoomaka ana o ka makahiki 1944,ʻo ia hele ana, lele e ho'āʻo ai, a kalahala no ka hakakā hana. Ma ka pau ana o ke kaua, mai ka mea hoʻoili iho oi ma mua o 5.700 kinai La-7. E like me na mea he nui Soviet pailota, keia pelane ua i ka maikaʻi: mahalo kona agility, ka māmā holo, pono a me ka firepower. Ma ka helm o ia ke kiʻekiʻe-papa ikaika loaa ka hilinai i loko o ka lanakila maluna iho o kekahi ace o ka Apana Reich.

Ka moolelo o ka

LA-7 o ka hopena o keʻanoʻenehana evolution o ka moʻo o kekahi mau mokulele. Ka loa muaʻikeʻia ikaika LaGG-2 (hoʻomohala i ka 1939), a LaGG-3 (1940 la). Ko lakou hanaia'na hele pū i ka poʻe akamai M. Gudkov a me Gorbunov. Ka lua o ka kinai ua hiki ke lele ma ka mämä holo o ka 600 km / h - wikiwiki German mokulele i loko o kona papa. Akā,ʻo ua kaumaha: 600 kg oi ma mua o ka Yak-1. Maneuverability LaGG-3 a me ka pii ana i haalele ai nui ia e makemake.

Ma 1942, hele mai i ke LA-5 me ka māmā engine, pono maopopo i loko o ke kaua o Stalingrad. Ke hou mokulele ua oi e "Messerschmitt", ka mea, ua like ka nui me nā 20-millimeter pū caliber, a me ka mea, ua oi mana ma mua o "Kelemānia" me he hookahi mea, inā i nā mīkini pū.

I ka 1943, i ka manawa o ke kaua o Kursk, ke aupuni o Air Max loaa i ka hou hanauna o ka poʻe kaua - LA-5FN me uprated kiko'ī, māmā a me ka hiki pono o ka mana. ʻO ka mea hope Kelemānia "Focke-Wulf-190" hiki ole e he competitor o ka Soviet mokulele. A eia ka mea hope, i ka pau ana o ka 1943 ua ala ae nei ia i ka hou kükohu i ka lewa - LA-7. Ma ka mea, e like me ka mua kinai, ua he kolu o ka pu, e like me ka mokulele ke hiki i ka mämä holo o ka 680 km / h.

Design ano akamai

Ke kanaka, ka mea i alakai i ka hanaia'na o ke LA-7 - Semen Alekseevich Lavochkin. He - ka Mêkala Kula, i loko o 1918-1920ʻo ia i mālama i loko o ka Army Kaiula, a mau kihi kaua. A laila, naaupo, i ka Moscow Higher tehuchilische (e MSTU. Bauman), kahi ia i loaa i kaʻoihana o ka lunaʻenehana Aeromechanics. Ke kumuhana o kona hoʻi i pili i ke kūpono 'ana o ke bomber.

E hana i loko o ka hana aviakonstruktorskoy Semyon hoomaka ana ma ka hopena o 20 ka, ka mea mua i komo mai ke hoʻololi i mokulele no ka'auwaʻa o ka USSR, a laila, e hele i ka hana ma ke kinai. Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o na 30s, ka wā e lilo restless, ka Soviet aupuni manao e uku nānā 'ana i ka ulu ana o Air Max i loko o ke ao nei. First Lavochkin me SN Lyushin i hana mokulele LL-1, mākaukau me ka dynamo rektivnymi pū. Hope mai o ka prototype au-301, i loaʻa ka poʻokela manao Nails. LA 7 aie kona helehelena 'enekinia, mea e hanaʻi na anoano Alekseevich mau makahiki.

ano o ka

Ka mämä holo a me ka uku o ka pii ana o ka mokulele La-7, ma ka rula, ua like me ka poe o ka La-5FN. Ke kaupalenaʻana kinai mämä holo i 680 km / h (ka wā e lele ana i ke kiekie o 6 tausani mika.), Kaupalena cia ma ka aina - 597 km / h. Laulā LA-7 hele i 635 ei, i ka palena kiekie - 10 km 750 m.

Piʻi kinai - 1098 mika no minuke. Machine lōʻihi - 8,60 m, kiekie - 2,54 m + Empty kaumaha -. 2605 kg Loaded - 3265 kg. Area o ka'ēheu kinai - 17,5 sq. ka m i kā mākou takeoff kaumaha -. 3400 kg. Wingspan o ka mokulele - 9,80 m + LA-7 Pake -. Kekahi o ekolu ano 82FN-DB, DB-83 ALOHA HAWAII ole 71. 1850 i ka hou horsepower (a mea like i ka 1380 kW). Kekahi o na kumu oko ma waena o LA-7, mai ka mua mokulele - Lightweight manao (aie i na lalaʻaoʻao o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia).

weaponry

Ka hakakā lako a pan o ka mokulele La-7, he, like me ka rula, elua 20-mm o pūkuniahi type ShVAK paha pū ekolu o ka ia 'ano o ka B-20 caliber. ua hiki ke pale aku i ka pana Hits na kōmi 'ana o ka propeller, ma ka kukulu ana i na ia hydromechanical synchronizer lakou. Ammunition no ka pu nui ShVAK ua 200 puni no ka mea kaua. I ammunition leho complemented kapa kila-hou mea hō'ā ahi type (hiki ke hou i ke kapa kila a hiki i 22 mm o me ka mamao o 100 m), e like me fragmentation mea hō'ā ahi ammunition type. Ma lalo o nā'ēheu o ka mokulele hiki e huapalapala hopeʻia (i ka 100 kg ma luna o kēlā'ēheu). Ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea, he mau leho ano FAB-50 a me 100, ZAB-50, 100 (subscript Kû he nui pōkā pahū - 50 a 100 kg).

hewa

Koa poe akamai i kuhikuhi mai i ka mokulele La-7 mai manawa i ka manawa, e hoole i ka hana neaa. Ka mea, uaʻAʻole nō napoo a me ke kinai engine. Aie i ka mea i ka engine ea intakes e noho ana i loko o ka eheu pelane, ua lilo iho la lakou i puka liiiU me ka lepo waiwai i takeoff a me ka pae. No laila, i ka engine ke hoole i ka hana. Keia waiwai ua e nana akamai ma ka moku'āina o Kaoleioku: ae i wahi i ka hooilo, i ka wa ua ole lepo.

Ua ua ike ia ka engine ma ka LA-5FN hōʻole nui rarer ma mua i loko o ka LA-7. Oil cooler aia ma lalo o ka fuselage o ka mokulele, a no ka mea, o keia ma ke kāpena ua loa wela (ma kahi o 40 degere ma ka hooilo a me 55 i loko o ke kau). Pailota i ka paʻakikī i manawa e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka mea i ka cockpit hāʻule kinoea a no ka maluhiluhi, mai ka engine, a ua pinepine haule ma ke aniani condensate.

Hoʻohālikelike me ka like huahana: kumumanaʻo o ka hana

LA-7 pelane, a ua loaa i ke kiʻi i loko o ka hapanui puke o Soviet maunakea, ua pinepine ike me ka hakakā, lōʻihi aku i oi i kā lākou German counterparts - FW-190, a "Messerschmitt-109". Naʻe, na pailota lakou la e kaua aku i ka German mokulele ua loa paʻakikī. No ka laʻana, hana i ka tutua kai, e like me kekahi Soviet aces, "ke Kelemānia a" he nui maikaʻi ma mua o kēia mīkini. Nolaila, e loaa i ke kaua ina hana e like aerobatics ka enemi, hiki i hookuu wale i ka loa ua hoano e mau pailota o ka Soviet Air Max.

Akā, loa importantly, i loko o ka LA-7 mau hihia, e haawi ana i ka pono no ia i ka pahikaua huapalapala o ka holo. Ua kauoha aku e kokoke ana me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ke hoouka aku i ka enemi. Eia naʻe nā hoailona hoʻohei kahahńnai (papamoe maneuverability) ma LA-7 ae'ōlelo aku o ka superiority ma luna o Kelemānia mokulele. Kēia ka ukuia i haahaa Soviet kinai'ēheu ke hoʻoukaʻia: ma kahi o 190 kg / sq m. (I ka "German" - oi ma mua o 200 kg / sq.m.). No ia mea, LA-7 i huli 3-4 kekona wikiwiki ma mua, no ka laʻana, "Focke-Wolf".

kaulana i ka hoao ana

LA-7 - he he pelane, a i kā lākou hakakā poe mikanele, IN Kozhedub - kaʻao ke kahu moku, Hero o ka Soviet Union ekolu manawa. E kaua i ke alaʻo ia ka hoʻomaka 'ana ma ka helm o ka LA-5, a ua lawe mai ia mau kakini mokulele. Peres LA-7, Kozhedub luku 17 Kelemānia ikaika, triumphantly hoʻopau kona hakakā poe mikanele i ke kaua ma kahi o Pelelina.

ʻeleu hakakā hoʻohana o ka mokulele i lilo ai i loko o June 1944. Kēia kinai Ua pio ka polokalamu ma kūikawā ka hanohano i loko o nā kiai regiments o ka Soviet Air Max. About ka kaʻao LA-7 olelo ikaika AI Pokryshkin - AL, Hero o ka Soviet Union ekolu manawa. Ma ka hooko ana mai hakakā poe mikanele ma keia pelane, pana aku la ia ia 17 Kelemānia ikaika, a me kū'ē "Messerschmitt-262". Great Soviet kahu moku, i ike ai i ka LA-7 hāpana maikaʻi maneuverability, māmā, ka mea kaua mana: ka mea, a pau Blend pono me kou punahele "haʻilula" ace "māmā holo,ʻoihana kaʻa a me ke ahi."

Ke pelane o ka meʻe

LA 7 kakaolelo o ka Great Patriotic mea maʻa mau pili me ka inoa o Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub i ua eo 64 Huipû (ʻAʻole nō i loaʻa hou kekahi i kekahi ace Anati-Hitlerʻahahui). Waihona moʻokāki kaua ke kahu moku wehe ma March 1943 ma koa mokulele La-5. A laila Kozhedub mea i kēia 'ano o ke kinai pelane 146 sorties, a ua kuʻi 20 "Kelemānia". Ma May makahiki 1944, ua neʻe i ka ke kahu moku, a hiki i LA-5FN, a i ohi ia ma luna o ke kala, interestingly, kekahi o ka mahiai ka Stalingrad māhele 'āina. Ma keia pelane, ia i luku ai 7 huaheluʻenemi mokulele. Ma 'Aukake Kozhedub regiment i laila' o ia i ka mea hou i ka mea Soviet Air Max mokulele-7 ikaika. Ma keia ano o ka mokulele Ivan Nikititch hakaka ae la laua a hiki i ka hopena o ka Honua.

Ma kekahi o ka hakakā poe mikanele LA 7 Kozhedub i pa, i kona engine e hanaiiaʻi. Nānā 'ole i ka hoihoi aku i ka enemi, Soviet ace hoouna aku la i ka mokulele i kekahi o nā mea ma luna o ka honua. Akā, i ka wa a ke kinai i hoomaka ai e? Pum, koke hoʻolimalima i ka engine, a me Kozhedub, neʻe LA-7, mai ka piko, hoʻi i ka Airfield. Ma ke kaua, Ivan Nikitich lele ma luna o ka hakakā nuʻukia 330 manawa, komo i loko o 120 lewa kaua, i luku 64ʻenemi mokulele. He Ua hookoia ekolu mau mekala "Gold Star".