Ka Mokuna kaua pena

Nui-ka unahiʻole, a me ka moʻolelo kaua ano moʻokalaleo Ke i pena ninoaaeyao he kupaianaha niche. He mea loa ma hope i ka kaua a me na mea a pau e pili ana me ia: .. Land a me ke kai kaua, paipai aʻo kai eʻe, etc. ano moʻokalaleo hookoaiaʻe kuhikuhi ma kiʻekiʻeʻano, he nui helu o kanaka huahelu a me ka hoolohe i ka au mamuli, i haawi mai i ka mōʻaukala veracity o na mea a pau mau hana ma luna o ka canvas .

Ka muli o ke 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke a me kona ulu ana i loko o ka Middle Ages

Official Keʻena o ka pena kaua me he kuokoa ano moʻokalaleo Ke hanaia i loko o ka 16th kenekulia, nae, hana i kēia i loko o ke ala e hiki aku o Artists a pau ma luna o hoomaka nui mamua o ka honua. No laila, ua ma amphorae, bas-ke kanaaho, i nā paia o nā hale o ka wa kahiko Greece, e hiki ke ike i ka loa o ka nui mōʻaukala kaua. Ma ka Roma aupuni a pau ma ka hikina pinepine depicted i Emperor, a nui ke 'ano laulā, nā luna i loko o ke kaua. Ma keia hihia, ke pena kaua i lawelawe 'ana me mōʻaukala mau hana.

Ma ka Middle Ages, ke 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke ua lewa ma ka hooponopono ana, buke, kaha, tapestries, a hiki ma ka icons. A i 'ole, no ka mea hoike, i hana i ka lole "moena o Bayeux" me ka weliweli loa, mai ka mōʻaukala o ka naʻi aupuni o ka Noremana haku o' Enelani (1073-1083 GG.), Hoike mai i loko o ka Hawaii photo.

Akā maoli kilakila, a me ka unahiʻole, i hiki ke kapa i ka hana o ka pena o ka pakebona wā i loko o Italy. Kaua ano moʻokalaleo Ke lilo kona mau ano, realism a me nāʻano. kona oihana chronological countdown hoʻomaka mai kēia manawa. Ma kēia kiʻi o nā kaua i hanaia e Piero della Francesca, Paolo Uccello, Leonardo ka Vinci, Michelangelo a me na mea e ae.

18-20 la kenekulia

A hou milestone i loko o ka ulu ana hiki ke kapaia ka 18th kenekulia. I keia manawa, e ku e ka backdrop o ke kaua o ke Kuokoa, he mau pena ma 'Amelika' o Puʻohala, e like me hanau Lūkini kaua pena (engraving Zubkov A. F., i pena Nikitina N., M. Lomonosov ka mosaic, a no laila, ma luna o. D.). Ma lalo o ka aoao o ka FaraniʻOiʻenehana, a me ka Napoleonic kaua i loko o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke o pilialoha kuhikuhi i ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia loa vividly hoikeia i loko o nā hana o Delacroix, G. Vernet. I Rusia, i keia manawa, "blooms" nautical theme like me ka kaua-ka home. Ka brightest ka poeikohoia o ka mua i ka Ayvazovskiy I. K. a me Bogolyubov AP, i ka lua o ka - Polenov VD, Kovalevsky PO i hoohanaʻoia iʻo a me ka hana pena Vereschagin V. V., ka mea i komo i loko o nā kaua a me ka paipai aʻo kai eʻe like me ka hana manawaleʻa .

Ma ka 20th kenekulia ka Mokuna kaua pena i hanaia e ku e ke kāʻei kua o ka liberation a me ka pilina kipi, luku kaua. Aia ua Ua hana keaka loli ma ke 'ano moʻokalaleo, ua kīkoʻo akula kona noʻeau ano a me ka palena. Ma na hana Hahai I ka nohona, a me ka mōʻaukala philosophical nīnūnē, nāna e hoʻopuka i ke kaua a me ka maluhia, fascism, kanaka lehulehu. Noticeably lōkāhi, no ka mea, e like me ia ma ke akamai o ka Socialist'āina, a me ka capitalist aina kaua ano moʻokalaleo Ke pena hoolilo i ka Anati-fascist a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni kaua, ka nui mōʻaukala hanana ole wale kanaka kanaka, akā, i nā mea a pau ma luna o ka honua.

Ke Kaua-pena: Features

Pena ma ka theme like o ke kaua, a i waena o-pili nīnūnē me ka mea, he mau hiʻona, ka mea hiki ole ke hookahuli ai i ka hana ana i kekahi'ē aʻe Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo o oe. Kona kū hoʻokahi waiho i loko o ke kēia:

• A akaka h ÷ ike ana i ka nui o ke kaua a me ka kekahi mōʻaukala manawaʻuʻuku, ke koa ke ola, i ke kaua ma kekahi mau.
• Manaʻo ma luna o ka canvases o ka loa a me ka iconic nui minute o ke kaua.
• H ÷ ike o ke koa ka heroism.
• Instilling a me ka paipai 'i ke ano o ka hana a me ka patriotism.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka mōʻaukala a me ka kaua ano moʻokalaleo Ke i pena i'āina pili. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka lewa i ka pena,ʻaʻole e koa hana, ka mea, e nākiʻi i ka kekahi Hawaiʻi nui kekahi hanana. Pinepine 'oe e' imi i pena, a hōʻike i ke ola o ke koa, he maʻamau ola ma waho o ke kahua kaua, akā, ua pili loa aku i ke kaua.

Ole mōakaaka, a me ka moʻolelo o ke kaulana kaua pena e pili ana i keia ano moʻokalaleo Ke o ke pena ua i ike i ka piha. He mea känalua 'kekahi o ka'ōlelo mai nei, e aho e ike koke aku ma mua o lohe e pili ana ia i ka haneri manawa.

Vereschagin Vasiliy Vasilevich

Ka inoa o ka Lūkini-kaua-pena, he pena o ka 19th kenekulia, a uaʻikeʻia ma ka honua hele. He kana a kokoke pau kona ola me ka hele, koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe, a me Turkestan, Semirechye, India, i ka Caucasus,ʻEulopa a me Rusia. Vereshchagin puka 'o ia mai ka mokukaua Cadet mau pūʻali, komo i loko o nā hostilities, me malama aku i kekahi hapa o ka liʻiliʻi Lūkini poʻe koa, i ka hoʻopuni o Samarkand, i i i hookoia i ka Papa Hanohano o St. George i ka ha o ka degere, i mea loa haʻaheo o. About ke kaua, uaʻike nō firsthand, no laila ia mea Logical ia ma kekahi wahi i lilo i pena oihana kaua.

Ke artist i kona hihio iho o ke kaua, a me ka make ana o maʻamau koa. Ma kona mau canvases oia lewa, ka mea no ka oiaio kumukuai o ka Auguseto ka 'iʻini i loko o ka Middle Hikina poʻe. Pena, ua piha oia i ka kūikawā kālaiʻike, a me ka pilikia e pili ana i ke kaua, he pinepine ka kumu o ka hoohewaia ana o ka Auguseto, a me kona entourage. Ka loa kaulana hana, "Ka Apotheosis o War" (kolu o Hawaii photo), "Napoleon ma Rusia" (kiʻi ma luna), Turkestan, a me ka Balkan puke, "Mamua o ka hoouka. Plevna ".

Rubo Frants Alekseevich

Name F. A. Rubo kama'āina i kela kanaka keia kanaka, mai 'Oihana i ka amateurs. He mea ka hoʻokumu o ke kula Lūkini o laulā pena a me ke kumu o ka luna o nā haneri pena, me ekolu o ka loa monumental "kaua o Borodino", "Pale Kaua o Sevastopol" (kiʻi ma luna) a me ka "makani kui Ahulgo". He hele mai ana, mai ka ohana o Palani kālepa ka poe i noho ma Odessa. Mai ka 1903 i ka artist hana like i ke poo o ka Workshop ma ka St. Petersburg Halau o Arts, oiai ka malama ana i ka inoa o ke Kumu. I waena o kāna mau haumāna i nā Helene MB Ma ka Ewa o ke kipi i loko o Rusia i ka makahiki 1912 Roubaud neʻe hope i Germany. Naʻe, ola ua ole i loko o nā makahiki, nui kauoha, e noho ana ma aneane piha oblivion.

Grekov Mitrofan Borisovich

Ke Kaua pena, i ka Lūkini-Cossack ka molekumu o, i hanauia ma ka Rostov'āina, ua ka i hoʻokumu o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke i loko o ka Soviet Union. Invaluable ka hoao ana, ua loaa i ka manawa o ka First World War, a laila, i ke Kanawai. Ma keia manawaʻo ia i ka nui helu o ke poʻomanaʻo sketches. Kona pena kaua ua hooku iho la ia ma na Film me "Tachanka" (kiʻi ma lalo nei), "paʻahau Cossacks General Pavlov", "Mai kaua me Egorlykskaya", "ka poe puhi pu o ka First lio," e like me ia i alakai i ka hana ma ka aeaiaua "ino, o ka Perekop" i ka makahiki 1934

Zauerveyd Aleksandr Ivanovich

Kumu kaua pena, ka mea kaulana Lūkini, a Kelemānia artist hana i kona mau pena i loko o ka hapa mua o ka 19th kenekulia, ua he kanaka maoli o Courland. He loaa i ka hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi ma ka Dresden Academy. ʻO i loko o kona wā'ōpiopio, ua pena Komikina'Āina ma Hoikehonua, a ma ka 1814 i kono ia St. Petersburg, Alexander I aku la ia no ka kākau canvases koa maʻiʻo, e like me nā kiʻi o nāʻaʻahu aliʻi o nā koa o ka Lūkini hao wale. Ma lalo ma Rotehama I, ka mea, ao ka pahi nui makualii. Sauerweid pena i dryish palapala, ia mea,ʻaʻole he maikaʻi haku mele 'ana, akā, kekahi kumu. Ka loa kaulana hana: "Kaua o Leipzig" (Hawaii photo ma lalo nei), i ka "ino, o ka pā kaua o Varna", "kaua o Leipzig."

Villevalde Bogdan Pavlovich

Ke keiki a kekahi haole waiwai mai Bavaria i hānau i loko o Pavlovsk i ka 1818, a me ka iwakālua nā makahiki ma hope lilo kekahi o na haumana o Karl Briullov. Ma hope o ka loaa ana o ka inoa o ka artist,ʻo ia i hana,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Rusia akā, no hoi ma Europa, komo i loko o ke aʻo hana,ʻo ia i kumu kāki i ka Papa Naita. Villevalde pena i ua hōʻike ma Paris, Vienna, Pelelina a Aioaa? Iaia, e noonoo i ka hanana o ke Kaua o 1812, ka Polish uprising o makahiki 1831, i ka Hunakalia kai eʻe, hostilities o na 1870s, a me ka maikaʻi-ʻike hana i loko o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo o ka pena kaua :. "ke kaua ka wā Olszynka Grochowska, "" ka mama o ka lio regiment ma ke kaua o Austerlitz "," General Blucher, a me ka Cossacks ma Bautzen "" ua i pio i ka 1814. "

Peter av Hess

Bavarian ke aloaliʻi pena o ke kaua, e hoohuli, a me ka haku o ka mōʻaukala pena Peter av Hess i hānau i loko o 1792 ma Düsseldorf. Like nui no hoi na haku o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke, he kaua, uaʻike nō firsthand. Hess komo i loko o ka paipai aʻo kai eʻe e ku e Napoleon I loko o ka 1813-1814 biennium. He hoomaka i kana hana me ka sketches uuku o, e hoohuli mai i ke ola o na koa, a me ka na kanaka. Ma hope o ka huakaʻi no Helene i ka lawe pu ana o King Otto i ka makahiki 1831ʻo ia i hana i ka moʻo o ka pena hoolilo ana i ka paio no ke kuokoa o na Helene. I ka makahiki 1839, ua hele aku la i Rusia, e ohi i mea no ka hana ana o ka pena Komikina'Āina ma Rotehama I. He umikumamalua nui-ka unahiʻole, i pena i hoolilo ia kaua i ka 1812, a me ka kaua o Borodino, Smolensk, Vyazma.

Mau Artists ke kaena ana o ke kaua i pena ia eagerness haku mele 'ana e like me Hess. E hoʻokaʻawale aʻe oeeo? A luna 'hui ma ka canvases hāpai, a hana mai i ka huna uuku au mamuli, piha ka hana keaka. Ka pono o kana hana - keia mea i ka "kaua o Austerlitz", "wahi kanaka kolohe nei Barbone, e pale aku i ka Carabinieri", "ʻApo i ka lio ma Wallachia", "Ke kaua o Worgl", ", aeaa? Iuo o ka Austrians" Ma ka Hawaii photo - he kiʻi o ke kaua o Smolensk.

Alphonse de Ka Neuville

A koʻikoʻi ka Luna o ka Palani kaua pena o Alphonse de Ka Neuville, nona Debut i wahi i ka 1859, o ka pena "ka battalion poʻe ma luna o ka o na pu ki Gervais". He i kuleana i loko o ke kaua o ka 1870 i ka lua o ka lutanela i loko o ka battalion o mobiles Paris, a laila, ma ka ke keʻena luna o General Kaye. He loa aʻo i ke ano o na hostilities, a laila, hoʻokomo ia mau mea i loko o kona mau pena.

Fabrics Palani haku o ka pena kaua oko oiaio patriotic ohohia, ola realism. He palapala iho kākaʻikahi ka unahiʻole, i pena o kēia ho'āla kaua, nuipa marches, a pela aku.,ʻO makemake i kanaka Episode. ua piha o ka neʻe, anal i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o kaʻono kana mau hana. Kēlā wā i kēia wā i kekahi ke malama he kūoʻo memo, mea he kīnā o ka lahui ano, a me ka mea ole wale e i luku aku i ka ho'āʻoʻana, akā, ma ka mea ku ole, hoʻokomo i kekahi kiʻi o ke ola. Ka loa kaulana pena, "i ka hope pōkā" (Picture), "Ka kiu", "kaua o Rorke ka 'Aeʻa," "Ke kaua o Champigny."

Ke Kaua-pena Lūkini pena, a o Europa, a me ka 'Amelika haku - ia mea o kona kulana he keiki ano moʻokalaleo Ke i hoike aku ia ia iho iloko o ka hope 3-4 kenekulia. He mea incredibly hōʻeuʻeu, alohilohi, i kekahi manawa brutallyʻoia iʻo. He aha ka maopopo mea i ka mea koe ole kekahi indifferent. Kekahi mahalo pono-kūkulu haku mele 'ana o nā haneri o kanaka huahelu, na lio a me nā pū, i ka' ē aʻe - i ke akamai o ka unuhi aku la ia i ka uuku au mamuli, oiai kekahi poe - ikehu olelo, a lawe i ke kiʻi.