Ka Mokuna waena o St. Petersburg: i ka hōʻike a me ka Hawaii photo. UNESCO World'āina hoʻoili Nā paena

Ke kū hoʻokahi o St. Petersburg i loko o kona halawai kuhikuhipuʻuone, i kona mau ikaika kanaka. He mea känalua 'o ka mōʻaukala konu o St. Petersburg ka hapa o UNESCO hoʻoilina i loko o kona olelo e lilo.

mea i waiwai ma ka mōʻaukala kēia kūlanakauhale opiopio, i makemake e lawa no kekahi mau kulanakauhale. Ka mea, ua i ke kapikala o ka nui Russian aupuni a pau, kahi a nā hanana i wahi, me ka hoohuoi ana i wale i ka aina, aka, i ke ao nei ma nui. I ka Mokuna waena a me nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i o St. Petersburg a hiki i ka hoike.

Mōʻaukala o ke kulanakauhale no? Ieoaeunoaa

Back ma 1703 ma ka mokupuni i loko o ka wahi o ka kaawale ana o ka muliwai Neva ma na lole a 2 - Big a Small Neva - Ua hoʻokumu St. Petersburg pā, kona kūkuluʻia i lawe mai i loko o ka wikiwiki, e like me ka kaua kauo ana, a ma na kapakai o ke awawa o Finland i koi 'ia e loaa i ka foothold i loko o kekahi alanui.

Ūnelunelu ka meheu o ka hana ana o na paia o ka pakaua, a pepehi iho la na tausani o kanaka, i malama aku excessive physical ke kākoʻo 'ana a me ka hana e hana aku ana. Ma ke kūkulu i ka iwilei o ka mua laau hale i kukulu: i ka ekalesia o St. Petero a me Paulo, i ka Senate, ka arsenal, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua aneane 300 makahiki ia i ai i kēia mau wahi i lilo i mea e komo i loko o ka mōʻaukala konu o St. Petersburg.

Ma hope o 3 makahiki o ka hanaʻeliʻana pā i nā UAIAaIN ma ka pohaku, a i aneane 35 makahiki. Initially, Peter au iini iho la i ke kulanakauhale ua loa ma ke kuʻina o ka moana, ka hahai ana i ke kumu hoohalike o Venice, akā, i ke kūkulu hele aku ma luna o nā kuhikuhipuʻuone manao. Ma ka mea kēia St. Petersburg auwai a noho wale 10% o ka wahi, i mea e pili ana 300 ei.

St. Petersburg kekahi hoʻolaha kona uapo, a mea i oi aku 300 o kekahi mau nui like 'ole a me ka? Ueo. Ka Uluwehi o, ke kulanakauhale ke kiʻekiʻe o loaa i nā hiʻona i ka mea ua 'ike nui i keia la, St Petersburg.

I ko makou manawa, hoaʻai o ka'ākau paukü! Ka hai aku, ka mea nana e like me ka Mokuna konu o St. Petersburg, a me ke kumu o ia wahi.

Aku la o Petero a me Paul hūlili

I ka pā, i lilo i ka mua 'ole o ka wā e hiki mai kapikala a me keia la i kapa e like me ka Paulo, loaa ae nei i kona inoa, mai ka ekalesia, Aia ma luna o kona mokuna. I kēia lā ia mea he mōʻaukala mawaena konu o St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg a ua aloha pumehana, ike ia "aku la o Petero a me Paul hūlili" a kama'āina a me kona pā pōhaku kali ana i ke awakea pana mai i ka pū.

Ka 'ole o ka pā i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i like me ka Commandant o nā kānakaʻenehana House, Waihona, a me ka la o Petero a me Paul Hale Pule Nui. Ua i loko o ke kakahiaka nui 18th kenekulia bastion mea lilo i ka hale paʻahao no ka pili pio, a me kekahi o na pio mua i ke keiki a Peter I Tsarevich Alexei.

Ke kiʻekiʻe, hoomaka ae la na paia pohaku e deteriorate, no laila ia i manao ia "lole" ka Neva, a me ka bastion paia ma māpala. Ia ka leo o ka i keia la, a Paul hūlili, a lilo iho la ia i ka lua ma Lūkini mōʻaukala iau.

Admiralty

Ka loa mua hale ma ke kapa hema o ka Neva i ka hale o ka Admiralty. Initially hapai ae la ia e Peter I ka mau shipyard, kahi kokoke i ka la o Petero a me Paulo bastion, ua lilo i maoli no paʻa i pā kaua. I ka olelo hooholo, e kūkulu i ka pā ma laila i kekahi mau hoʻoweliweli 'o ka hoouka ma ka Swedes i loko o ke kūlanakauhale opiopio.

Ka mua Admiralty hale i pau i ka 1705, a me keia la me ka a pau kuhikuhipuʻuone Ensemble ua ike e UNESCO i kekahi o ka mea maikaʻi i loko o ke ao nei. Kona helehelena ua loli ke kiʻekiʻe. Ma mua ka mea, ua he hale kūkulu i loko o ka palapala o ka palapala "P", i ua neo? Aaiiai? Maloko o ka shipyard. A puni ia, Ua eli lua, i ua aia ma ke kua o ka Louka i ka mea maikaʻi, mākaʻi ihola iā mau mea.

Ma hope o ka manawa, e huli i ka Meadow Alexandrovsky kihapai, hoopuniia e 3 kihikihiʻo - St. Isaac, ka Senate a me ka Palace. At Admiralty Shipyards i kukulu ai oi ma mua o 300 moku, a mea i paa i loko o ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19th, a me ka hale i loa hou. Ua i laila, i ka mea i "loaa ana" i kona kaulana spire. Ma ka mea hooikaika i ka makani vane i loko o ke kinona o ka moku, uhiia i ke gula.

Admiralty i keia la - he nani kia o ka wanaʻao classicism, hapa o ka honua hooilina. St. Petersburg ka mōʻaukala ioauoa originates mai ka Admiralty, a ekolu divergent kaola kaulana alanui - Nevsky Prospekt, Gorokhovaya Street a me Voznesensky Prospekt.

St. Isaac ka Hale Pule Nui

I ka ha i loko o ke ao nei i ka nui, St. Isaac ka Hale Pule Nui ma St. Petersburg ua i ka lōʻihi, a kaumaha mōʻaukala o ka hale. Ua haawiia i Ua kūkuluʻia ka mua kēia o ka Hale Pule Nui i ka 1707, a ua hoʻolaʻaʻia kona hope hoʻokolohua i ka makahiki 1858, i ke kūkulu i aneane 150 makahiki.

Mua ka mea, ua i ka ekalesia laau kūkulu nui kokoke i ka Neva. I ka 1717, ka mea, ua hoʻoholo ihola e puku i ka hale pohaku, akā, i ka 1724 seriously poino no ka mea, o kona koke ana i ka muliwai, a me ka inoino kahua i loaʻa i loko o ka Hale Pule Nui. Ua ho'āʻo e kūkulu hou, a hooikaika e Ana I kauoha, akā, ma hope o ka loaa, la oia i puhi aku e ka uwila hahau.

Ua Ua hoʻoholo i kūkulu St. Isaac ka Hale Pule Nui ma ka Admiralty Meadow, kahi i lilo ai o Isaaka i ka kaʻana like 'ana, a me Senate Square. Ke hou pāhana Ua hapai loa monumental a me ka huali 'ana maka'āinana o ka pohaku keokeo, akā, i ka make ana o Ana II kaulia ana i ka hana i ka wa a ka hale i kūkuluʻia ma mua o ka hapalua.

ʻO wai ka pii a hiki i ka noho aliʻi o Paul I kauoha aku i ke hoʻokō 'kūkulu o ka Hale Pule Nui ma ka pohaku, hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻohana i ke koena o ke kinikini no ka hana ana i kona hale. Mau inconsistencies i loko o ka 'ole alakaʻi ai i ka mea i ka mea, hoomaka ae la e hoʻoua puna. Ua koi 'ia kekahi hou? Aeiino? Oeoey o ka hale, no ka mea ua Alexander I i ka 1809, a hai mai i ka Competition i waena o nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone.

Ua Ua manao ia e ano o ka ha o ka mana o ka St. o Isaaka i ka Hale Pule Nui. Implementer o ka papahana i koho Montferrand, ka e piʻi like ana o ka mea i ka launaʻole helu o kipakuia i loko o ke kahua puʻu (10 762), 40-makahiki-kahiko hale, a me ka nui o na lilo no ka manawa i i i ka Hale Pule Nui ka loa pipiʻi ma Europe (23,256,852 rubles., A 80 kopecks.).

Aka hoi, St. Isaac ka Hale Pule Nui ma St. Petersburg - mea i keia la kekahi o ka loa maikai i loko o ke ao nei, a ua hoi hui pū i loko o ka UNESCO honua hooilina.

Nevsky e nānā ana

Nevsky - he kumu nui Nuuanu, symbolizing i ka mōʻaukala konu o St. Petersburg. Ua hiki 4.5 ei mai ka Admiralty a hiki i ka Alexander Nevsky hoailona, ai pili aku 4 mokupuni ma ka Neva River. Once Hapai like me ka papa kuhikuhiE "pershpektiva" o ke kulanakauhale, i kūkuluʻia Nevsky Prospekt ma na aoao a elua i ka ia manawa, a i ole pale aku i ka hana 'ia. Ana, a hiki i ka waena o ka poʻe e uhau ana i ike ai i ke kuhihewa i loko o nā helu, pela no hoi oia i ka wanaao ae. Part o ia i hana ai i ka 1718, mai o ka hoailona, i kapaia ka Neva, a me ka hapa o ka Admiralty, i i paʻa i loko o 1720, i kapaia "Most pershpektiva".

O ka holo 'ana o Nevsky Prospekt hale aliʻi o ke aliʻi, no ko Pilisetia hale a me ka ekalesia ua alakai ai i ka mea i kēia lā i ke ao nei ka wale ka papa kuhikuhiE alanui, ma kahi e, aia no na ekalesia a pau 4 Karistiano denominations, a me nā hale loa kaulana mea e i ka Mokuna mawaena konu o St. Petersburg.

I Soviet manawa, ke i hoao e Kapa hou i ke alanui, akā, na inoa mai i ola, no laila, ke Nevsky Prospekt i loko o mākou manawa ua ike like me Broadway ma New York, ka Arbat ma Moscow, a Deribasovskaya ma Odessa.

I kuha wale aku no Vasilyevsky Island

I ka maopopo, ka mea nana e like me ka Mokuna konu o St. Petersburg, nui e hiki mai ana ma luna o Vasilevsky Island. ʻO i loko o ka manawa o Peter I, ka mea i hoʻoholo e e? Acaeoey "pua" Vasilyevsky Island.

Ma lalo o ka papahana, he mau ia e kūkuluʻia, "He umikumamalua papa" (i ka lani kiekie loa moku'āina kula), i hoʻomaopopo loa wale hapa 'ia' o ka Stock hoonohonoho hou, i ka Hale Pule Nui, a me ka Gostiny Dvor, akā, kapili ma ka manaʻo. Ua kūkuluʻia Curiosities a me ka hale o ka Mō'īwahine Praskovya Feodorovna, ka mea i loko o no o ka Academy o Sciences.

Ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ka pā kula i hana, a ma kaʻaoʻao'ākau o ka "pua" he berths no unloading moku a me ka hoonohonoho hou kahi dila i i. Aia mea no hoi he lumi hoʻokipa a me ka pahale hale.

Ma ka hopena o 18th kenekulia, ka mea i hooholoia e e i ka ka kūkuluʻana o ka launa a me ke kukulu ana o ka hou hale o ke kula kēia. Manawa a hiki i kēia mokupuni ikea kilohana beacon hale kiai, i keia la i ka "kahea kāleka" o ka mokupuni.

Ke alo o ka Neva embankment

Ke quay mua koke i halawai ai ka moku haole, i kapaʻia ka'ōlelo Pelekane. Gradual kona kūkuluʻia Ua koke hoʻomōhala i ka nui, e hoike ana ia mea i ka "maka" o ke kulanakauhale, a holo ma luna o ka loina hooponopono o "ana facades". ke alo ia ma māpala i loko o ka hopena o 18th kenekulia ma hope o ka mea, lilo iho la ia i ka loa kaila wahi o ke kulanakauhale. Eia ka ka hale i pau ai i ka loa illustrious kanaka o ka Russian aupuni a pau.

Palace Square

Ke kiʻi o ka Palace Square i hana ke kiʻekiʻe. Kukulu i ka 1762 Rastrelli nani Winter Palace, e nana i ka backyards ma ka kekahiʻaoʻao o ka huinahalike. Kona kūkuluʻia hoomaka i ka lōʻihi kaʻina, mai wale i ka 1829 papahana e Carlo Rossi kūkulu o ka loihi anuenue hale ma Europe i pau. Oia o 2 hale e pili ana ma ka triumphal e pio mai, hale, a me kēia lā ua luku mai i loko o kona nani, a monumentality.

I ka 1834, ka mea i hoʻouka kekahi ma ka Palace Square Alexander kia ao. Ma na 40s ka wahi hoʻoākea ke keʻena luna hale kiai mau pūʻali, a me ka Post pa.

UNESCO'āina hoʻoili

Ka holoʻokoʻa Ewa, mawaena konu o St. Petersburg, i ka hōʻike 'ia' o i ka mea aole ia e hoʻolele i ka nani a me ka lokomaikai, ua komo i loko o ka UNESCO'āina hoʻoili papa inoa. Paha ia mea i kekahi o ka "mea opiopio loa" o ka mōʻaukala kia hoʻomanaʻo i o keia nui i loko o kēia papa.