Ka 'ole o ka pepa, ka mea ma waho a ma loko

Lau - kīloi paʻewa vegetative hoi e pana aku ka mana. Ua Radio nui i kūlana i loko o ke ola o ka mea a pau mea kanu, ua hoonohonoho lau 'ole ai i ka mea i hiki ke hakuloli i i ka? Aneie rula no ka hoʻokō' ana o kona oihana - kāʻamaʻai, omoāea a me ka hoonohonoho hou kinoea, Guttation. Ka pepa hiki ke Hoʻololi 'a e ka kuikele (i conifers) a me ka laau kuku (cacti a me barberry, etc.). Oia loli ana o kaʻaoʻao hoi e pana aku Aupuni ke kōkua mea kanu ola makou mahope o ka like climatic cii.

Ka mawaho 'ole o ka pepa hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea kanu? Ueo. No laila, hoomaopopo poe noonoo ole a me ka eiiieaen, uhai malū 'ana, sessile lau, a wahi iho la a puni. Aneane pauʻaoʻao hoi e pana aku Aupuni i hoomaka hapa - lau huhui, a hiki e paa, he oki, he kōmi 'ole ana. Ke petiole, a assimilating i ka papa kuhikuhiE kino ua pili i ke kumu, a hiki hoi ma kahi ee a make, a laila, e'ōlelo aku i ka papa inoa "sedentary" a beschereshkovy. Inā ka lamina ua loa hoopuni ai ia e like me ka ōhāhā, ka mea, i ka wili hoʻokahiʻaoʻao hoi e pana aku ka mana. Ma angiosperms me ka lau petioles, a i stipules opiopio lau a me ka axillary nā'ōpuʻu i hoʻopale ai.

Ke morphological 'ole o ka pepa i hōʻike i ke alo o ka poe noonoo ole a me ka luna' kinona. Aloha haawiia i like ka nui kino o assimilating mea kanu, ina ka mea, ua he ōhāhā a he lau huhui, a hāʻule loa (maple, lilac, wilou). Hui lau i ka petiole 1 a me kekahi mau lau kōmi 'ana i hiki e haule iho la pākahi (walnut, chestnut, lehu).

Na na 'ole o ka pepa mea'ālike i loko o nā mea kanu. Lau ke kōmi 'luna a lalo uhi i ka papa o na epidermis, a' ano apau loa i ka ili. Kekahi o flora ma ka hoaka o ka ili o ka heluia na lauoho ke e, ho film-cuticle a waxy ka penaʻana. Mau mea a pau ua malu loa i na mea maalea i pale aku overheating,'ā, excessive ka wai omoāea. Ka uhi lole i loko o ka hapanui kanu, a me kaʻaoʻao lalo o ka pepa i slotted puka - stomata, a i mau koa keena. Ma hope o stomatal i hoʻomākaukauʻia ho'āʻo kinoea a me ka wai ka ohu, e like me ia ma ka kīloi paʻewa e pakele ai o ke kino iho, a mawaho.

Ke kelepona hele 'ole o ka pepa Hōʻike i ke alo o ka lole - ka mesophyll, i ua maheleia i loko o naele ia a me ka palisadnuyu (columnar) parenchyma. Ke mall huahelu o columnar'aʻaʻa pihaʻi me ka nui helu o chloroplasts, i mea hiki ke neʻe ma kela aoao o ke Map. Ke keena, ua nui ke kaua'ō'ō ihe i kekahi i kekahi, ia mea i loko o kā lākou kāʻamaʻai. Naele ia'aʻaʻa ua hanaʻia ma kula haʻahaʻaa (particles) o ke ola, i i he ole kinona, he nui nui o intercellular waiwai a me ka loa loosely noae lakou ia lakou iho. Ua lawe hapa, akā,ʻaʻole i hana like me ka palisade parenchyma, kaʻaluna, e like me ma kona ea mai la, kinoea, e loaa hou ia lŘlŘ. ¶ A i loko o ka pepa e aa koko i malama like wahi, e komo i loko o pūnao. Ua mea no ia i ka wai me ka mea pōhaku waiwai ua lako i ka kīloi paʻewa e pakele ai o ke kino keena, a me na nā mea hōʻike aku o ka pepa ia iho ke aloha i huiia i hanaʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka kāʻamaʻai. A ua hoopuniia nui aa koko ma ka puluniu laulau i hanaʻia ma ke ÿano'aʻaʻa , a haawi i ka lau o ka ikaika.

Ke'ī mai, me ka 'ole o ka pepa ka loa eiiieaena, a ua kauoha ae la ia e na mana hana ma keia kino - kaʻaluna, kinoea kuai, Guttation a me ke omoāea. Nō hoʻi, heʻokoʻa ka nui, me ka pepa hiki i hana hou oihana - 'ohana ka palekana (spines), ka pua paha o ka pono (unahi o ka pu u kukui) a me ka vegetative propagation.