Ka pelane "Li-204": hōʻike manaʻo. Kanawai mokulele

"Li-204" mea he meakino-huahelu ohua mokulele hēkī. Kēia mīkini? Ac? I loko o nā makahiki 80 i loko o ka 'Oihana o Design Tupolev. Me ke kōkua o kona mau kanaka haku manao e puku i ka obsolete ana "Li-154". Aia i likeʻole ka hoʻololi 'ana o ka mokulele. VIP-mana, ohua, ukana a me ka hana. Ka mokulele "Li-204" me nā mea a pau maluhia hae, hoʻomehana honua a me ka leo, no laila, i kēia mau ana hoʻohālike hiki ke hoʻohana a pau ma luna o ka honua. More ma keia hope.

mea i manao ai

Ka mokulele "Li-204" - he cantilever monoplane maʻamau noaia. Kona kahili ae eheu i 'ano haʻahaʻa. Kona mau turbojet kiko'ī lele aku ma luna o pylons kupaianaha. Ko lakou mau wahi i aia ma lalo o nā'ēheu. Kēia i hāʻawi mai i ke kumu hoʻohālike i kekahi kiʻiona kaila. I ka pauʻana o kēlā me kēia'ēheu hoonohonoho winglets. Kēia kōkua emi i ka poloʻai kauo a me ka ulu ke eaʻe. Eia hou, ua lako pono ka mea, me ka papalua-slotted puapua. Mau mea nui hehee wale. Nō hoʻi, nā slats iʻaneʻi. Ka mea hooponopono i ka i lawe i ka waiwai o ka mokulele. Ka mea, i aia ma ke alakaʻi o kae o ka'ēheu. Ke kaʻa i ekolu wāwae a me nā kakaka hoowalaniaia iho au. Ka 'ole o ka powerplant nā RB211-535E4 a 2 turbofan "PS-90A"

moʻolelo

Ma hope o ka Lūkini kivila mokulele "Li-154" Kekoa exploited no ka 2 makahiki i hala, i ka 1973 ma ka 'Oihana o Design Buro hoomaka ae la e hana mai i ka wā e hiki mai, e puku i kēia palapala. Initially, ka mea i manaoia e upgrade i ka hohonu "Li-154", a kūkulu i keʻano o nā kŰia ke kau, a me kela hou manaʻo. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua i nä känaka 'epekema i koho ma ka lokomaikaʻi trimotored hoʻohālike laulā-kino, a lakou i kapa aku - ka pelane "Li-204".

Ka pāhana apono ia e ke Aupuni i ka 1981. Naʻe, i kēia kaʻina hana, i ka poʻe akamai hoʻoholo ihola e haʻalele i ka huelo engine. A laila, Hooponopono Hou ia i ka hei ana. E like me ka hopena, ka mea loomed lā hoʻopaʻa 'ia e ka mokulele.

Iloko o ka hooulu ana, kńnaka epekema i 'Imi pili eiiiaaoeiiiue manao i kūpono, ka hoʻohana' ana uila kamepiula 'ē aʻe. I mea e koho i ka mea e pono ai aerodynamic hoʻonohonohoʻia i loko o kekahi kūikawā paipu, ka mea, i ka nānā kēia ōlaʻi o nā ana hoʻohālike. Eia kekahi, e emi i ke kaumaha a me ka hoomahuahua i ka ikaika o ka mokuna lawe mai i ka palapala noi o lua mea. Lākou kaʻana like i loko o ka paona o ka kükohu mea ole e emi malalo o 14%.

I ka wa o ka manao i pau, i ka mokulele "Li-204" hoomaka ae la e paka nā pāʻoihana ma ka Ulyanovsk maunakea hana Complex ka inoa hope o Ustinov D. F. kēia mea oiaio mea. A mua mokulele "Li-204", hōʻike manaʻo o ka poʻe 'oluʻolu, i kukulu ia ma Moscow i loko o ke kaiāulu a me ka hoao ana i ka nui? Iecaianoaaiiuo ASTC. A. N. Tupoleva a me UAPK.

hoʻokolohua

Kēia kaʻina hana 'ole 2 prototype. Special nenoai ma luna o ke kumu hoʻohālike hana i na mea he nui e kū mālie.

I ka hoʻomaka o January 1989 ua ka loiloi mua holo ana o ka olelo mai mokulele. Ka mokulele "Li-204" wehe ae la lakou mai ka Airfield "Ramenskoye". Ma muli o ka hopena o nā ho'āʻo ma i i loko o ka manao o kekahi mau hana hou. A ka mea, ua hou? Iecaianoaaiiuo enehana. Ma keia hihia, nui noonoo i uku ia no ka hōʻoia 'ana i ka hana a ka mea hou kikohoʻe nenoaiu. Thoroughness ma keia wahi i alakai ai i ka maikaʻi hopena. Hoʻomalu i ua ulu 23 koho o 'akomi e hooponopono'ōnaehana ka hoʻohana' ana i ke kōmike hoʻokele huila. Kēlā me kēia, ua hoao no ka pono a me ka lehulehu holo ho'āʻo ma. A pau keia koi i ka lōʻihi manawa. Eia hou kekahi, ma ia manawa i hoomaka ai ka waiwai hihia i loko o ka moku'āina. Ua alakai aku ai i ka mea i hoʻolako 'ia o ia no ka polokalamu i hoemiia. E like me ka hopena, i nā hua'ōlelo i ua mahuahua e loaa i ka palapala e pono ai a me ka hōʻike.

Ma ka 90 Bedroom kaʻoihana kālā no ka papahana i loa hoʻi i kāpiliʻia. Ua alakai aku ai i ka oopa o ka palapala hoʻomaikaʻi ikea ai, a me ka mokulele "Li-204", i ua nō e pono e undergo hoomau ao, i manaoia ma na eheu.

E like me ua oleloia, aie i ka mea i loko o nā 90s ka-yeiiiie? I loko o ke aupuni i deteriorated dramatically, Bedroom holo ho'āʻo Ua aneane i hooakea ai. I mea e hoʻokō 'ia i ka luna hana, i nā kānakaʻepekema, e lawe kekahiʻanuʻu. No ka laʻana, ka mea, olelo mai la e hali ukana no ka uku. Ma ka mea ia e ho'āʻo ai i lawe mai i ka laua kalepa hoʻii i. Ua ae mai e hana i hoʻokō 'ia i ka papahana kaʻoihana kālā. Ma hope o molowa ole ke kākoʻo 'ana, ua hiki ke loaa i ka mea e pono ai palapala i ka 1994ʻepekema.

ka hanaʻino

I ka pau ana o Pepeluali 1996 i lawe mai i ka mua mahuka ana o ka hou kalepa ma ke kumu o ka mai la mokulele. Ka mokulele "Li-204" lele "Vnukovo Airlines" mai ke poʻo a hiki i Mineralnye Vody.

Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i ka "Li-204" E auou caiaiai e "Li-154". Naʻe, i ka ulia e like ma ka hoʻolako 'ia o ka maunakea hana i alakai i ka haunaele ma ka finalization o ka mokulele, a me ka mea, ua hoemiia ka uku o ke-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo. I ka hopena - he uuku ka helu o nā Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka maunakea poe, i ka kiʻekiʻe lilo o iāʻoe māhele a me ka malama, pinepine downtime. A pau i kēia alakaʻi i kekahi kulu i loko o ka ka hoʻokūkū o ka la mokulele, o ka oi aku ma e like me ke komohana Airbus-320 a me Boeing-737, ua hoao nui ka hoʻokele waiwai e hana, a ho'ēmi.

Ma ka 2000s, hua mai la i emi malalo o 10 Ke Ana Hoʻohālike kēlā me kēia makahiki. E like me ka rula, kā lākou nā mea kūʻai mai he aupuni keʻena ma lalo nei.

Mai ka manawa i ke ahulau nui-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, o ka makahiki 1990, ua ike i ka malamalama 75 mokulele "Li-204" kekahi mau likeʻole. Ma Pepeluali 2013 'Imi hoʻohana i ka huina o ka 50 ea huahelu o keia ohana.

ka manaʻolana 'ia

Initially, ma keia mau mea, o ka mokulele "Li-204" ka loa unlucky. E like me ka ka mua kumumanao o ka poʻe akamai, ia ia ka e nunui, a me ia mea no kona? Iecaianoaaiiuo kukulu iho la i ka momoku ahi hou kanu ke aupuni 'o Ulyanovsk. Eia naʻe, e like me ka hoʻomaopopo ma luna, ma hope o ka'opi o ka USSR i nā pono o ka maunakea hana hoomaka ae la e hoʻolaʻaʻia lā i ka hailona emi kala. Ke-market Ua auou caiaiai oaeouee?. E like me ka hopena, "Li-204" Kekoa Ua hoʻololi i hoʻohana komohana Hookah o ka mīkini. Eia hou kekahi, he kumu hoʻohālike i loko o na mea he nui ka mahalo i OOAOAaXUEIE ma manawa. Kekahi o na kumu i ka mea, oki iho la ia e hoʻohana ', ua i ka luina o ka "Li-204" he o 3 kanaka, ana ka hapanui laekahi aircrafts Pono 2. wale kēia entails ke alo o nā koina no ka mālama' ana i ka poʻe hoʻoholo moku.

ʻO wai ka mea produces ma kahi o 10 o kēia mau ana hoʻohālike o ka makahiki. I ka mea ia manawa, me ka rula, ka mea, i mea mahaloia imua o ka Arctic, "Lūkini" a me ka Air Max. Aie i ka mea i ka Ulyanovsk a me Kazan mokulele nā hale hana hiki ole nuipa a-hua, a me ka kūikawā hana, o ka mokulele "Li-204" mai i ka nui koi i loko o ka hapa nui o nā poʻe. Eia naʻe, e like me ka poe akamai, i ka hope ho o ka "MS-21" ana ma ka oihana, e paʻi i ka haole moku "737". E like me nā 'ike, i ka nui nā moku halihali mokulele, e like me ka Red mau eheu, a "Transaero" ua pinepine hai aku i ka mea, e hoihoi i ka kūʻai lewa huahelu o ka hoakakaʻano. Ua paipai iaʻano hanohano o ka mokulele "Li-204", i makaukau hōʻike manaʻo i hōʻike 'ana i ia mea, ua ala e kona külana ia i ka i hala ke kahua aviakonstruktorskogo hihia. KLA a me ke Kuhina o hana, e kālele nui kupono i loko o kēia mau papahana, i like paha i kahi wale ma luna o ka pepa. O nā ka "MS-21", ua hoʻopaʻa 'no ka hoʻokuʻu ma ka laina wale nō i ka 2020.

Description o ka oaoieei-ano o ka mokulele "Li-204"

Ma keia hihia, noonoo i ka i kēia:

• Crew - 3 kanaka.
• Elua turbofan engine - "PS-90A".
• Swipe /'ēheu āpana ua 42,0 m / 184,17 m².
• I ka nui o ka lōʻihi / kiʻekiʻe o ka mokulele - 46.0 / 13.9 m.
• Weight takeoff (max) / nele - 94 i 600 kg / 58 i 300 kg.
• Payload - 21000 kg.
• Cruising mämä holo o 830 km / h.
• Palena mea hiki - 12 i 100 m.
• i kā mākou huahelu o 2.900 ei.
• Ke alo aku o ka hahao aku la oia 16.140 kg.
• Weight: i kā mākou lawe-aku / pae - 94,6 Halau / 47 ka m; hōʻikeʻia nani alaplpa 58,3 m.
• Commercial ana e haawe - 21 tona.
• Lele holomuaʻana mai i ka 3700 ei.

ka hoʻololi 'ana

Currently, loaʻa nō kekahi mau likeʻole o kēia ea pa alima. Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau Mamua i hana loa ma ka mea e loaa i ka makemake hopena. Next, e nana ana ia i iki aku.

"Li-204"

Me ua i haiia ae maluna, takeoff ke kaupaonaʻana o ka waihona ipu hihia nei 94.6 m. Ka mua manawa keia pelane "Li-204" kona Hawaii photo aka keia, ala 17 August 1990 (hoʻopaʻa 'de) ma ka lewa. Eia hou, i ka waiwai ua, ua ulu hoʻokolohua o ke kükohu. Noaia pelane "Li-204" o ka i kā mākou elaborated akamai. Payload o kēiaʻano hana, aole ia i oi aku mamua o 30 tona.

"Li-204-100"

Kēiaʻano i ka kiko'ī "PS-90A" a me ka Lūkini avionics. Kona laulā mea he kiʻekiʻe. Kēia mea he nui mea. kāpena "Li-204-100" hiki lawa 210 ohua. Ka palapala hoʻomaikaʻi o keia mokulele i wahi i loko o ka hooilo 1995.

"Li-204-200"

Kēia kükohu mea he hoʻololi ' "o Li-204-100". I hoʻolako pono me keia pelane ma nā pahu poʻina nalu no ka wahie, i mea e pono ai no ka oi huahelu. A, o ka poe akamai Ulyanovsk kanu "Aviastar" kūkulu wale kekahi pa alima me ka olelo mai papa helu RA-64036. Ano, ua hua mai la i ke kumu hoʻohālike i loko o Kazan.

"Li-204-120"

"Li-204-120" a me ka "Li-204-220" ka hoʻololi 'ana i niioaaonoaaiii "Li-204-100" a me ka "Li-204-200". Ka mea, i lako pono me ka komohana avionics a me kiko'ī RB211-535E4 (2 × 19 500 kgf) - Pelekāne-i palapala-Royce. Kēia HOU Ua i, e hoʻonui i ka consumer waiwai o ke kükohu, i mua lele i loko o August 1992. Huakaʻi i ke kai shipmentsʻo Samuel hawaii ma Aigupita Kailo Aviaton i ma keia mokulele mai 1998. Ma hope iho o ua, mau Tupolev mokulele, a ua loaa he Hawaii photo i loko o ka kikokikona, haawiia i ke China. Ke cockpit o keia kükohu ua i loko o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia mana. Kēia kōkua ai i nā ka haawi i nā'āina. I aku la o ea pa alima no ka manawa mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini mokulele i hooiaio ia ma ka like ana me kekahiʻEulopa hae.

"Li-204-300"

Kēia kumu hoʻohālike (mua - "Li-234") ua hoopokole ia 6 mika ma e like me ke kumu o ka wehewehena o ka fuselage. Kēia mokulele hiki lawa ole hou aku 162 ohua, akā, i initially mua mai ka noho 142 noho hanohano i loko o ka mokulele "Li-204-300" e mahele ia penei: 8 pāʻoihana ka papa, a 134 - hoʻokele waiwai. Kēia hoike mea nui. Kēia underlines ka hanana kaila o kēia nā loli, "Li-204". Ka maikai wahi, o ka papa, e ia ma ka pāʻoihana papa. Kēia mokuna i ke hoʻololi i ka ekolu likeʻole. Lākou holo huahelu o 9250, 7500 a me 3400 ei. E like me ka hopena, "Li-204-300" Ua ike like me ka mokulele mua a me nā kiko'ī, i hiki e i ka holo ana, mai ke kulanakauhale alii o Rusia i Vladivostok me ka haʻahaʻa. Kali lawe-aku ke kaumaha o ka mokulele ua 107,5 nā kana i loko o ka ipu o keia kükohu i :. wahi lulu avionics "KSPNO-204 'a mau Hawaii" PS-90A ". No ka manawa mua, "Li-204-300" lele i loko o ka lewa i loko o Augate o 2003, ma hope i ka mea i lawe mai i ka h ÷ ike i ka aerospace hōʻike "pono ai ka noho-2003". Hooiaioia ka mea, ua 14.05.2005, i ke ana o kona pūkaʻina? Iecaianoaaiiuo i ua hoʻokumu 'ia ma Ulyanovsk hola "Aviastar".

"Li-204-300A"

Mau sīwila mokulele hoʻohana no ka hoʻomalu halihali no ka mamao, aole e oi aku 9600 ei. Ke kükohu lawa wale 26 ohua. Refueling - 42 tona.

"Li-206"

Ka mokulele i ka ulu 'mākaukau. He hana hoihoi i ka olelo ana i hoʻomākaukauʻia ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka wahie liquefied kūlohelohe kinoea. hoomaka mau aircrafts e paka ma luna o ke kumu o ia ka mokulele i "Li-204-100". One nui pilikia i loko o keia hihia o ka hoʻonohonoho 'ia nā ipu o ke kinoea i noi nui ka leo.

"Li-214"

Kēia kükohu He He hooponopono hou o ka "Li-204". I kā mākou lawe-aku ke kaupaonaʻana o kēia mokuna i ua mahuahua i 110,75 tona, a me ka payload nui -. To 25,2 na tona o ka waiwai mokulele nā loli i ua hooiaioia e like me ka Lūkini mau hae "AP-25", a i lōkahi me ka Western mamao-25 a me ka ipu, -252. ua hookupaaia Serial? iecaianoaaiiuo ma Kazan aviaobedinenii ia. S. P. Gorbunova. Mua aku keia palapala ia i wahi i ka 1989. Lākou e hoʻoili ana i kahawai mau Kekoa ka Soviet Union kivila maunakea i ka 1997 wale. Ia mea, ma hope o ka'opi o ka Soviet Union. I 'Apelila 2010, hoomaka ae la ka mokulele e paka wale nō spetskomplektatsii. Akā, e hana ia i loko o ke kalepa mana i pani, no ka mea, ua i waiwai. Oiai ka āpana o ka hoihoi i loko o ka hoakaka hoʻopiha nui nā moku halihali mokulele - "Transaero".

"Li-204SM"

He He nui iho la ia hoʻokāʻoi mokulele "Li-204". I e like me ka "Li-204-100" kona takeoff i kā mākou kaumaha ua nui mahuahua. ¶ A i loko o keia kükohu ua hōʻano hou avionics. No ka mea, o keia, ua hoemi ia i mau kanaka i ka helu o ka moku, hoemi i ka noho ma luna o ka pelane "Li-204" a me ka waiho ana i ka moku me ka ma-papa lunaʻenehana. He ua hana ia e like me ka lahui me ka hana pono ana hoʻohālike no keia papa.

Eia hou, i ka mokulele "Li-204SM" Ua undergone kekahi hoʻololi.

1. Modernization o ka turbofan "PS-90A2." Kēia i ukali ia e ka emi i loko o ka lilo o ke ola kalapona a me ka ulu overhaul a me ia mau huahelu, a nui hehee wale (o ka welaʻaoʻao - 10000 pōʻaiapuni a me ke anu - mai i ka 20,000).
2. I hōʻano houʻapu "Kanaka-18-200". Ma keia hihia, ka mea i mahuahua kiʻekiʻena mau puka a me ka holo. Ua Ua hoʻolauna i ka hou ipu, i hanaʻia i ka mea mana e like me kekahi prospective a me ka papa olelo o ka ICAO a me Europa e hooponopono.
3. Hōʻano hou kaʻa. Ka i manao iho me ka noʻonoʻo i ia i loko o ka mooolelo a pau na, ao ke ano e hoʻopili like i ka puke airframe.
4. ke kāpena i ua hou.
5. Hoemiia luina 2 poʻe hoʻoholo moku.
6. Ua Ua ua ulu a ua kali mea hoʻonoho'ōnaehana obschesamoletnymi naehana (EMS). No hoi, hou malama a me ka lapaʻau 'ana.
7. Modernized'ōnaehana: Energy Saver, neaa, wahie a me ka ea hoʻoikaika kino.

I ka pau ana o December 2010 moe iho la ia ma ka lele hoao ana "Li-204SM." Ua Ua lawe mai ma ka luawai-pono ho'āʻo ke kahu moku Viktor Minashkin. Kēia kaʻina hele smoothly. Eia naʻe, i lawe mai i nā ho'āʻo ma nā mea a pau i hoakaka ia ka moʻolelo mokulele me ka hōʻemi iki ke kali ole. Ma ke kaomi hālāwai kūkā me ka mau luna hoʻokele o ka maunakea mea kanu Sergey Dementiev hai aku i ka lohe i ka hoao ana holo o keia kükohu i ua hoʻopaʻa 'ia December 17, 2010. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia 'aloʻahia ia i ka hana ma luna o kaʻaha kanaka o ka mokulele o keia' ano e e haawiia mai haʻalele 'ana.

"Aviastar-SP", ka poe i hiki i 2016 i na manao e paka 44 mokulele "Li-204SM" moku, manao no ka Red mau eheu Airlines nui hana. E like me ka mua 'ike, i ka kaʻoihana kālā o kēia papahana ua anao? Aou ma ka liʻiliʻi loa $ 1.8 ieeeea?.

I ka hapalua like-January 2012 ma ka Ulyanovsk mokulele hale poe kaulana ma lalo o ka inoa "Aviastar-SP" i ma ka Hope Kuhina Nui Kuhina o Rusia. E like me ia Dmitry Rogozin, ka palapala hoʻomaikaʻi o ka hou mokulele "Li-204SM" ohua type e pau i loko o June, a mai ka waena mai o ka makahiki, ua hiki ke olelo e pili ana i kona pūkaʻina? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

hopena

e heluhelu ana i ka luna ma hope, i kekahi hiki pono i ka manaʻo o ka mea i pelane, ua ho'ākāka 'ia, a me kekahi o kona likeʻole i kahi. Nohona ma Tupolev Kekoa oo halawai me kekahi mau hae. Currently, i ka lewa huahelu o ka 'ohana i ka nui koi. E noa ka a me ka hana 'ano o nā mea o kēia' ano e ma ka kupono kiʻekiʻe. Eia naʻe, haku polokalamu, aole i pau a me ka hoʻomau i ka hoʻoikaika i kēia 'ano o ka mokulele.