Ka poe corona: he hōʻike, hiʻona, olinolino a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Sun - ia mea he nui poepoe o ka wela kinoea i paka weliweli ikehu a me ka malamalama, a e ola ma ka Honua hiki.

Kēia lani wahi o ka nui a me ka loa nunui o ka poe lń. Mai ka Honua a hiki i ona lā, mai ka mamao o 150 miliona kilomika. E hiki mai ka wela a me ka Map i kahi o ewalu minuke. Ua loihi ua i haawi ia ia e like me ewalu kukui-minuke.

Star, e lalana ana mākou honua ninoieo o kekahi mau mawaho mau papa, e like me ka photosphere, ka chromosphere a me ka corona. Ke pā papa o ka lewa poe ikehu e hana i kekahi ili e Oe o ka viscera, a ike hoku, a ua hoakakaia ma Map.

Constituent vneshenego Sun, ahu iho

Ke ahu iho la i ke ike, i kapaʻia ka photosphere, a me ka poepoe o ka malamalama. Photosphere ia huali wai koko baila aʻela i granules a me ka uala eleele anu sunspots, i hoʻomaka ai ka wā ka ikehu lāʻume mākenēki mahinaʻai, mai hemo mai o kaʻili kai. Mau kiko hele mai a neʻe ma ka poe pā hōkū. Kiai ana i kēia neʻeʻana, i nā astronomers manao nei makou mākou hoku huli ma kona iho (axis). Mai ka lā mai i paa kākoʻo, nā wahi ka ao ka ma kekahi mau māmā holo. Ke equator hele mai piha kaiapili ma kahi o 24 mau lā,ʻoiai i ka Polar kuapo e lawe aku ma mua o 30 lā (e e he kipi).

He aha ka ke photosphere?

Ke photosphere Ua hoi he kumu no ka ikehu lā flares: na lapalapa e kīkoʻo kū'ē haneri o nā tausani o ka mile ma luna o ka poe ili. Ka ikehu lā flares paka o poha o ka X-Ray, ultraviolet, electromagnetic a pāhawewe a me ka Radio ale. Ke kumu o ka X-Ray a me ka Radio ea puka mea pololei i ka poe corona.

He aha ka ke chromosphere?

Area puni photosphere, i mea ka pā iwi o ka Sun, i kapaʻia ka chromosphere. Ololi wahi hoʻokaʻawale i ka pāpale aliʻi, mai ka chromosphere. Piʻi ka mehana ia i loko o ka hoʻololi'āina, mai kekahi mau tausani degere ma ka chromosphere i oi ma mua o ka miliona degere ma ka corona. Chromosphere kī ana ulaula luminescence mea superheated ma ke'ā o ka hydrogen. Akā,ʻulaʻula Park hiki ke ike wale i ka Pu. I ka manawa mamua, o ka malamalama mai ka chromosphere, mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO oi nawaliwali ia e ike ia e ku e ia i ke kāʻei kua o ka huali photosphere. ka wai koko nuʻa haule koke ma ka hoʻololi māhele 'āina ua neʻe mai, mai ka chromosphere a hiki i ka corona.

He aha ka ka poe corona? hōʻikeʻano

mea mau i lawe mai Astronomers noiʻi nane posed ia e kekahi poe corona. He aha aʻole ia ko?

Keia poe lewa a mawaho, ahu iho. Ua haawiia mai kēia inoa no ka mea, o kona mau helehelena i ka nohoaliʻi ka wā malaila mea he huina poe Pu. Nā (particles) mai ka corona hiki loa i loko o ka lewa, a, ma ka mea, hiki i ka Honua ka Astronomical. Ka palapala Uaʻano nui nānā 'ia e ka meaʻume mākenēki kahua. Ua noa electrons ma ka corona hele ma ke kahua laina oʻume mākenēki mahinaʻai kuahene nui kekahi mau hale. Ano, a i ike ia ma ka corona luna sunspots pinepine i ka horseshoe kinona, i hookahi manawa hou hōʻoia ana i ka mea, ma hope o ka laina o kaʻume mākenēki kula. Mai ka luna o kēia mau "hoaka" e e haawi lōʻihi streamers ma ka mamao poe anawaena a hoi aku me ina kekahi kaʻina hooki mai i mea, mai ka piko mai o na hoaka i loko o ka lewa. Ua komo ka poe makani, a haule mawaho ma ko kakou poe lń. Astronomers kapa iaʻike manaʻo "mahiole streamers" no ka mea, o ko lakou ano i ka kapa mahiole weluwelu ma ka naita, a hoʻohana 'ia kekahi o ka Kelemānia koa a hiki i 1918

He aha mea he pāpale aliʻi?

I ka mea mai i ua hana i ka poe corona, Ua loa wela, oia hoi o ka tenuous wai koko. Ke ana wela i loko o ka pāpale aliʻi ma luna o ka miliona degere, surprisingly, nui kiʻekiʻe ma luna o kaʻilikai mahana o ka Sun, i mea e pili ana i 5500 ° C. Puʻe a me ka lei aliʻi pa apŘ nui haʻahaʻa ma mua i loko o ka lewa.

Nānā i ka hiki pae o ka poe corona, ao alohilohi i ea puka laina ma hawewe i ua ike ia e ole hoʻopili like i ikeia pono. Ma keia manao, astronomers wänana i ke ola ana o ka "kalaunu" like me ka papa kuhikuhi kinoea i loko o ka corona. Ke ano oiaio o keia kŰia i koe i ka mea pohihihi a ka mea ike i ka coronal kinoea overheated luna 1.000.000 ° C. Ma ke alo o ia he kiʻekiʻe ka mahana elua Hoʻohaku oihana mua - hydrogen a me ka helium - loa nele o kona electrons. O nīnūnē nā mea wela e like kalapona, oxygen, a naikokene hemo i ka hanau nuclei. Wale i ke kaumaha eiiiiiaiou (hao a me ka kalipuna) e hiki ke malama i kekahi o ko lākou mau electrons ma lalo o ka aoao o ke ana wela. Ka pāhawewe ke ana o kēia mau lahui ionized oihana mua a nāna i hana i ka spectral laina a nei noho enigmatic no ka wanaʻao astronomers.

'ōlinolino a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Poe ili muli o kona olinolino, a, like me ka rula, ka hihiʻo mea,ʻaʻole i loaʻa ia i ka poe lewa, o kekahi o ka corona o ka la e hiki i ka maka kapa ole. Ka mawaho papa o ka lewa ka loa lahilahi a me ka nawaliwali, no laila ka mea, hiki ke ike wale mai ka Honua i kekahi manawa i ka wa a ka Pu a me ka kūikawā telescope-coronagraph i mimics Pu, e uhi ana i ka kukui ua pń pā hōkū. Kekahi coronagraph hoʻohana lepo-ma muli telescopes, oiai kekahi poe lawe i ukali.

I ka'ōlinolino o ka poe corona ma ka X-kukuna mea no i kona nui ana wela. Ma ka kekahi lima, i ka poe photosphere kī ana loa uuku X-kukuna. Ua apono 'oe e nānā i ka piko o ka Sun ka pā hōkū, i ka wa a ke ike ia ma ka X-kukuna. Ua hoʻohana kūikawā optics, a leie aku oe e ike i ka X-kukuna. I ke kakahiaka nui 70s ka mua US makahiki noaioee Skylab hoʻohana X-Ray telescope, a me ka poe pono i nanaia ka ikehu lā corona a me ka ikehu lā pūkoʻa ia a puka mua. Iloko o ka hopeʻumi makahiki ka mea, ua haawiia mai he nui nui o ka 'ike a me nā kiʻi ma luna o ka Sun ka corona. Me ke kōkua o ke ukali poe corona i oi ole no ka hou a me ka hana hoihoi loina o ka Sun, kona hiʻona a me ka hōʻeuʻeu ano.

ana wela o ka Sun

ʻOiai ka pā 'ole o ka poe Kora naʻEsau ua hūnāʻia mai ka pololei kilo, ka mea hiki ke manao me ka hoʻohana' ana o kekahi mau Ke Ana Hoʻohālike i ka i kā mākou mahana i loko o kā mākou hoku mea ma kahi o 16 miliona degere (Kelekia). Ke photosphere - ka hiki ili o ka la - i ka wela o ka ma kahi o 6000 kekelē Kelekia ma, akā, ka mea maoli he loa ia mai ka 6,000 degere a hiki i kekahi mau miliona degere ma ka corona, kokoke 500 kilomika ma luna o ka photosphere.

I ka lā wela ma luna o ka loko ma mua ma luna o ka waho. Naʻe, i ka pā lewa o ka la, me ka pāpale aliʻi maoli hotter ma mua o ka photosphere.

Ma ka hopena o ke kanakolu Grotrian (1939), a Edlen ike i na spectral laina ike i loko o ka pae o ka poe corona, me ka houʻia hehee wale, e like me ka hao (Fe), kalipuna (Ca) a me ka nikala (Ni) ma kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe loa o ka ionization. Lakou manao i ka coronal kinoea Kapikoowākea i ai i ka wela maluna o 1 miliona degere.

I ka ninau o ke kumu i ka corona mea ai wela, e koe kekahi o ka loa addictive Puzzle pāʻani kilohōkū ma luna o ka 60 makahiki i hala iho nei. Ke unequivocal pane i keia ninau mea ole.

ʻOiai ka poe corona immeasurably wela, ka mea no hoi i ka loa haʻahaʻa nuʻa. Penei, wale he uuku ke ano o ka huina pāhawewe lā koi 'ia e recharge corona. Ka huina mana e hawewe hou ia e ka X-Ray, mea wale nō ma kahi o hoʻokahi-millionth o ka huina luminosity o ka la. Ka ninau nui ka Pehea ikehu ua kaʻi aku i ka pāpale aliʻi, a me nā meaʻano papa hana i kuleana no ka amo.

Nā maomeka o ka poe corona mana

kekahi mau kekahi mau leialii lako hou maomeka i ua manaoia ma luna o nā makahiki:

• Acoustic nalu.

• Fast a me ka lohi magneto-acoustic hawewe loko aku.

• Alfven ale kino.

• Kali a me ka hoʻokēʻai magneto-acoustic ili hawewe.

• O kēia (oleʻume mākenēki kahua) - dissipation.

• Ke kahawai o (particles) a me kaʻume mākenēki koko.

Mau maomeka Ua ua hōʻoia nā theoretically a experimentally, a me ka lā, i ke hoʻokoe 'wale na ale acoustic.

Oiai i ua ole i ua? Anoee, i welau a me ka hoaka o ka palena o ka pāpale aliʻi. Honua, a me ka Ű o ka poe lń aia maloko o ka pāpale aliʻi. 'ōnohi pāhawewe o ka corona ua malama i ka 10-20 poe Radii (na umi o ka miliona o kilomika), a ua hui ia me ka kŰia o zodiacal malamalama.

ʻume mākenēki moena poe corona

Nei, i ka "ʻume mākenēki moena" Ua pili me ka Puzzle o coronal paio hahana maoli nō.

Kilo me ka kiʻekiʻe māhele olelo hooholo e hōʻike i ka 'ilikai uhiia me ka ikehu lā nawaliwaliʻume mākenēki kihapai kiaʻana i kāna i mau mea liʻiliʻi o ka mea ku pono polarity (ʻume mākenēki moena). Mauʻume mākenēki lehulehu, e manaoia e ia i ka manaʻo nui o ka kanakaʻume mākenēki paipu lawe uilaʻikena.

Nā loina o keia "ʻume mākenēki moena" hōʻike he hoihoi 'au: photosphericʻume mākenēki kahua noke höʻike, pāʻani aku i kekahi i kekahi, a ua hoʻopuehuʻia mai no ka loa pōkole wā o ka manawa. ʻume mākenēki reconnection ma waena o ka ʻume mākenēki kahua o ke alo polarity kahua topology e hoʻololi, a hoʻokuʻuʻume mākenēki ikehu. reconnection kaʻina hana no hoi e alakai i ka dissipation o ka uila paialewa, i hoʻolilo i ka uila ikehu i loko o ka wela.

Kēia mau manaʻo o pehea kaʻume mākenēki moena i ke komo i loko o ka coronal paio hahana maoli nō. Eia naʻe, no ka hoʻike i ka "ʻume mākenēki moena" ultimately hoʻoholo coronal hahana maoli nō kēia pilikia hiki ole e, me he laupaʻi kükohu o ke kaʻina i ole i ua i manaoia.

E hiki anei i ka lā e pio?

Ka poe lń mea no laila, huikau a me ka unexplored i sensational māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana e like me: "ka la e iho koke ana mai," paha, ma ka mea ku ole, "ka Sun mahana ae a koke ke ola ma ka Honua makemake e hiki ole" kani ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ridiculous. Owai la ka mea hiki e ka mea wānana,ʻaʻole ka maopopo pono ka maomeka underlie keia pohihihi hoku?!