Kakolina diesel GOST 305-82. Ano o ke kakolina diesel wahie e like me GOST

Ka mea e like ai o ka engine, a me ka holoʻokoʻa wahie'ōnaehana mea,ʻaʻole ma ka mea uuku loli i nā waiwai o ka wahie. I kēia lā, Manufacturers kaumaha Russian GOST 305-82 a me kakolina diesel wahie. National hae hoʻomohala i ka 1982, ano mai o ka lā, no ka mea mea, a me ka wahie iho, a ma luna o ka mea a nei i lawe.

GOST 305-82

Created ma ka Soviet Union, keia hae, i regulates ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke kakolina diesel wahie, o ka interstate. Ua Ua hoakakaia like me ka oaoieei-olelo o? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka ano o ka wahie, a ua manaoia no kaa, hanalima hana a me ka moku me ka kiʻekiʻe-māmā kakolina diesel kiko'ī.

Hoikehonua, i wahie i ma ka Europa mau hae kūwaho hoʻi, ua kokoke piʻi aʻela ia mai ka kuai kakolina diesel wahie no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o i hoʻohana i ka mea kahiko GOST. Kakolina diesel Euro koe i loaʻa i ka hana ana me ka nui loa kiekie ae, a aole nae he nui greener.

Eia naʻe, i kēia lā, noonoo iho la (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ka lāʻau kū) i ka wahie, i hiki ke aeia mai e pili likeʻole mea hoʻonui i pono i kekahi hālāwai hoʻolohe i kona versatility, a me ka laulā huahelu o ke hoʻohana mahana.

poepoe o ka palapala noi

Kakolina diesel wahie (GOST 305-82) Ua hoʻohana a nei no ka oihana koa, mahiʻai hana, kakolina diesel moku a me ka ukana kahiko kükohu hi.

Kēia wahie hoʻohana no ka paio hahana maoli nō haʻahaʻa hale ke aupuni 'mamao mai ke kikowaena paio hahana maoli nō. I ka hoʻohuiʻia o ka haʻahaʻa kala a me ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe lawa hoopakele i ka waiwai e lilo aku o ka mālama 'ana i ka hale.

No ke aha lā i loko o ka hala? 1982 State Koo o ka makahiki auou caiaiai me GOST 305-2013, i hele mai i loko o kanawai mai January 2015. A ka mea, ua maopopo i hōʻike,ʻaʻole e i ke kakolina diesel GOST 305-2013 ke hoʻomaopopo ma ka lehulehu hoopiha wahi, a ua papahana no kiʻekiʻe-ka wikiwiki a me ka mīkini peahi uila kiko'ī , nā loko o ke aupuni, a ma ka 'āina o ka dute Union (aneea oneiaey, a Belarus).

O ka papa kuhikuhi pono

No laila, i ke kumu nui ia Morohiha - ia ka versatility a me ka pae'ōnaehana mahana. Eia hou, i ka pomaikai o ka maikai kahiko kakolina diesel noonoo kona hana ana pono, ai no ka makahiki; manawa kūpono o ka lōʻihi pūnaewele ole deteriorating i ka hana ana; hoonui engine mana.

Kakolina diesel GOST 305-82 hoopuni i wae 'ia, he he uuku nui o ka luaipele i huiʻia, a aole hoi e luku aku i nā māhele o ka engine.

Ke indisputable lanakila o ke kakolina diesel wahie o kona haʻahaʻa kumukuai hoʻohālikelike i nāʻano o nā wai a mōʻalihaku.

Ka papa kuhikuhiE drawback

I ka papa kuhikuhiE drawback o ka wahie, no ka mea, o ka mea, ma ka mea, kaupalena 'ia kona pomaikai o ka haʻahaʻa? Aneie papa. Kakolina diesel GOST 305-82 (2013) e pili ana i ka papa K2. A me keia la ma ka mokuna o ka Russian Hui 'ana paha no ka holo, a hiki mōʻalihaku? Aneie papa K3 a me K4.

momoku ahi kakolina diesel

Old Koo e hoʻokau ekolu wahie momoku ahi hou ia - eha. No hoi kekahi mauʻokoʻa wela papa koa o ka pono a me ka hana ana.

Kiko'î (GOST) kauwela kakolina diesel wahie (A) pae'ōnaehana mahana - mai ka hua 5 ° C, o ka waihonaʻike wahi o ke kakolina diesel kiko'ī no ka mau mea - 40 ° C, no ka kinoea turbines, meaola a me ka kakolina diesel - 62 ° C.

ʻO ia waihonaʻike wahi i aku-wa pono wahie (E), a hoʻomaka ke hoʻohana mahana mai ka hua 15 ° C.

E hoola i wahie (B) ua hoʻohana 'ia i mahana mai i ka hua 35 ° C a me ka hua 25 ° C. A ina ma ka hoakaka 1982 goda ke hoʻohana ka mahana ua nānā 'ia e ka ninini wahi o ka wahie, ma ka hou palapala pili i ka kānana mahana - -35 ° C a me -25 ° C niioaaonoaaiii.

Artic (A) e like me GOST 305-82 kakolina diesel wahie hiki ke hoʻohana ', mai ka mahana o ka hua 50 ° C. Ma keia hou palapala kali hoalaia ka elima degere, kapaʻia ua paipai wela o 45 ° C, a ma luna.

'ano o ke kakolina diesel wahie

Gasoil GOST 52368-2005 (Euro) puunaueia e ka nuipa a ka sulfur maʻiʻo i ekolu hoailona ia mea:

• I - 350 mg;
• II - 50 mg;
• III - 10 mg no kg o ka wahie.

Ma GOST 305-82 kakolina diesel wahie, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka pakeneka o ka luaipele ua maheleia i hoailona ia mea:

• I - mōʻalihaku o nā papa, ma i ka like ana o ka luaipele mea i oi aku mamua o 0.2%;
• II - kakolina diesel wahie me ka luaipele maʻiʻo no ka papa A & B - 0.5%, a no ka momoku ahi A - 0,4%.

Ke hou GOST 305-2013, ka hookokoke ana kūwaho hoʻi mau hae, i hookaawale ai i ka wahie i loko o nā ano o ka sulfur maʻiʻo, nānā 'ole o ka momoku ahi. I hoʻohuli i ke ano au i ka wahie a me ka luaipele maʻiʻo o 2.0 g., A me ka palapala II - 500 mg no kilogram o ka wahie.

palapala II E like he luaipele, a me ka hapalua kona manawa oi aku ma mua o ka wahie? ueony au, e like me ka lahui hae.

A nui ka nui o ka luaipele - Ua palapala hoʻomehana honua i loko o ka lewa, akā, maikai lubricating waiwai o ka wahie i loko o ke kaʻina.

hōʻailona

Ma GOST 305-82 wahie i hiki ke kapikala palapala A, G a A (ke kau, ka hooilo a Artic pakahi), ka nui hapa iki o ka luaipele, waihonaʻike wahi ke kau a me ka hooilo wahie ninini wahi. No ka laʻana, Z-0,5 hua 45. kiekie papa, a me me mua characterizing i ka mea e like ai o ka wahie paha i hoakaka ia ma ka palapala no ka 'aoʻao.

Kakolina diesel wahie (GOST P 52368-2005) ia palapala DT ua hoakaka ia papa a ano kaumaha ma muli o ka mahana filterability a me ka Ohana, e like me wahie type aʻu, II a III.

No ka mea dute Union he mea kekahi palapala i regulates na koi no ka wahie, a me kona hōʻailona. Ua komo ai lettering DT, hoailona (L, W, E a me A) a? Aneie ololi o K2 i K5, ae hōʻike ana i ka maʻiʻo o ka luaipele.

No ka mea, o ka puu o ka palapala, i ka manaʻo o ka papa ka mea, uaʻokoʻa, a me na ano i hoakaka ia ma ka oi au mamuli o ka mea e like ai palapala, ka mea ke ole uncommon type kukala "Sale o ke kakolina diesel wahie paipu papa 1 GOST 30582005". Ie a pau kiko'î a me ka wahie e like ai hālāwai me keia hae, koe wale no ka luaipele maʻiʻo.

Main ano o ke kakolina diesel

Ka mea nui wale pae'ōnaehana kiko'î i emi iho kakolina diesel GOST 305-82 (2013) i: cetane helu, fractional haku mele 'ana, nuʻa, (viscosity), ana wela ano, ka nui hapa iki o ia wahi impurities.

Cetane helu characterizes ignitability wahie. Ke kiekie o ka manual, ka emi manawa hele mai i ka wahie i ka pahu kui i loko o ka hana paukūʻolokaʻa ma mua i kona'ā, a nolaila i ka pōkole o ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka engine warmup.

Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka fractional haku mele 'ana o ka'ā ka hoʻokōʻana a me kaʻawahia o na kinoea a no ka maluhiluhi. Ma ka distillation o ke kakolina diesel wahie ua paa i ka manawa o ka huina hoʻolapalapa-aku i kekahi dala o ka wahie (ina 95% e 50%). Ka paʻakikī i ke kū'ē haku mele 'ana i loko o kaʻololī ana wela huahelu, a ma luna o ka malalo baila aʻela i paepae, a nolaila autoignition ia lŘlŘ hope ma mua o ka wahie i loko o ke keʻena'ā.

Nuʻa a me (viscosity) pili i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka lako a me ka wahie ka pahu kui, kona kānana a me ka hoʻokōʻana.

Impurities lakou aloha ia engine Wear, ka popopo ia'ku o ka wahie i'ōnaehana, ka hanana o ke ahi ma loko plaque.

Reserve filterability mahana - ia mea ia he haʻahaʻa ana wela ma i ka wahieʻia naʻe i pau ka moni e kahe ana ma ka Kānana me ka keena o ka kekahi nui. Kekahi wela aiao - he ao e wahi ana wela ma i ka mahuahua hoʻomaka e crystallize, a laila kakolina diesel wahie i ao.

Hoakaka GOST 305-2013 e puhi ia i nā lama o ka ia: i ka cetane helu, ka nui hapa iki o ka luaipele,ʻakika, iodine helu, lehu, coking, haumia ea, ka wai maʻiʻo. Ka oko ao hai aku i ka wela ano, o ka (viscosity) a me ka pa apŘ wahie. Ma GOST 305-82 ua paa nae ka oko ao a me ka coking.

E noa ka olelo no ka kakolina diesel wahie

Pela, ke cetane helu no nā papa o ka wahie like i ka 45, i ka luaipele maʻiʻo - kekahi 2.0 g. A 500 mg no kg. 'O kēia ka nui loa nā hoailona characterizing i ka wahie.

I ka pa apŘ o ke kakolina diesel wahie e like me GOST loli aʻe mai 863,4 kg / cu. ka m wahie no ka papa A a me ka E i 833,5 kg / cu. ka m no ka papa A, i ka kinematic (viscosity) - mai 3.0-6.0 sq. mm o / s i 1.5-4.0 sq. mm o / s, niioaaonoaaiii.

Fractional haku mele 'ana ua wehewehe aku ma ka laulā o ka mahana, mai 280 ° C i 360 ° C no nā papa o ka wahie, koe wale no ka Arctic, nona nā kapuahi e ana wela i loko o ka laulā o ka mai 255 ° C i 360 ° C.

Ano (hou GOST) kauwela kakolina diesel mai i oko mai o nā 'ano o ka wahie i-wa pono, koe wale no filterability kali ana wela.

Low waihonaʻike hooilo wahie no ka kakolina diesel kiko'ī, mau manao - 30 ° C, no ka kinoea turbines, meaola a me ka kakolina diesel - 40 ° C, Artic - 30 ° C a me 35 ° C niioaaonoaaiii.

Oko kakolina diesel GOST 305-82 (2013), a Euro

Back i ka makahiki 1993, ka Europa e like ai mau hae i ka cetane helu mea,ʻaʻole ma lalo o 49.ʻehiku makahiki ma hope, he hae e Ho'ākāka 'ka oaoieei-ano o ka wahie Euro 3, hoonoho tighter kiko'î. Cetane helu E e oi mamua o 51, o ka nui hapa iki o ka luaipele - emi iho malalo o 0,035%, a me ka pa apŘ - emi o 845 kg / cu. m. Ua puakai nā puke maʻamau, i ka 2005, a ua loaʻa he hoʻonohonoho ', i kukuluia i ka 2009.

I keia la, RF ua hua mai kakolina diesel GOST 52368-2005 me ka cetane helu oi aku ma mua o 51, he luaipele maʻiʻo o ka emi o 10 mg / kg, he flashpoint o 55 ° C, he nuʻa ma ka laulā o ka 820 a hiki i 845 kg / cu. m + a me ka filterability mahana mai ka hua 5 a hiki i hoʻohui 20 ° C.

O ke kapakai a ka mau ana mua, e mea hiki ke manao nei makou, ole-kaʻaeʻana me ka GOST 305-2013 kakolina diesel laekahi? Aneie koi.

maluhia koi

No ka mea, kakolina diesel wahie - flammable wai, ka maluhia ana e hopohopo nei, mua a me ka mea i hele mamua, e hoʻopale ai i ka ahi. Ua lawe 3 wale% o ka heluna mahu i loko o ka lewa i loko o ka lumi i mea e hoʻonāukiuki ka Naita. Nolaila, kiʻekiʻe olelo no ka hoailona iho la i ka lako a pan a me ka hoʻomākaukauʻia. Hoomaluia holo pilina a me kau iho fixtures, e hoʻohana i na mea paahana wale e ka poe i ole hōʻokiʻia mai a hiki accidentally hunaahi.

Nui no kaʻaeʻana me ka malu rula a me na olelo o ka pūnaewele o ke kakolina diesel wahie e like me GOST 305-82 (2013) i ke ana welaʻikepili ma o ka hiki, e kuni i ka mea.

Mark wahie	Autoignition Mahana, ° C	Ka wela kali mea hō'ā kaʻa, ° C
		luna	lalo
Summer, aku-wa	300	119	69
ka hooilo	310	105	62
Artic	330	100	57

He oi nui ola ana a me ka wela kumu i loko o nā wahi o ka lōʻihi-makahiki waho pūnaewele o nā tausani o na tona o ka kakolina diesel wahie, no ka laʻana i loko o ka mana mea kanu.

Hoakaka no ka kakolina diesel mana mea kanu

Kakolina diesel mana mea kanu i keia la i ka wahie e like me GOST 305-82. Lako a pan no kēia mau 'ia paha o nā wahi lulu? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me na haole.

Na Manufacturers mai e waiho aku, akā,ʻaʻole papa aku e ka hoʻohana o ke kakolina diesel wahie GOST 305-82 (2013) me ke kiʻekiʻe ka sulfur maʻiʻo o 0.5%, a 0,4%.

No ka laʻana, ke anaina FGWilson pono e hoʻohana i ka papa kiekie a me ka mua o nā papa o ka wahie me ke cetane helu o ka 45, he luaipele maʻiʻo o ole oi aku 0.2%, ka wai a me ka mea hoʻonui - 0,05%, i ka pa apŘ o 0,835 - 0,855 kg / cubic mika. dm. Kēia mau 'ano hoʻopili like i ka wahieʻano aʻu GOST 305-82 (2013).

Ka aelike no ka hoolako ana i kakolina diesel i wahie a hiki i ka mana kanu pono e hōʻike kona physico-Nine Inch waiwai: cetane helu, nuʻa, (viscosity), waihonaʻike wahi, luaipele maʻiʻo, lehu maʻiʻo. Mechanical impurities a me ka wai e ole ae i na mea a pau.

E kaha i ka pono o ka haawi aku i wahie, a me ka palapala o kona ano i moku'āina hae palena ho oholo i ka maʻiʻo o undesirable impurities a me flashpoint. Inā ka ipu malfunctions ana a me kā lākou mau eiiiiiaiou intensively pohole, manaʻo a me nā mea kiko'î.

GOST 305-82 obsolete a auou caiaiai, akā, me ka hou palapala, i hele mai i loko o ka ikaika, mai ka hoomaka ana mai o 2015, i ka nui o na koi no kiʻekiʻe-ka māmā holo kakolina diesel kiko'ī hoʻololi. Malia paha someday ka wahie banned no ka hoʻohana 'ana i loko o mau, akā, i kēia lā ka mea, ua i hoʻohana i ka mana a me ka mea kanu kakolina diesel locomotives, kaumaha koa kaa, a kalepa kaa, a paka ua malamaia mai nā lā o ka Soviet Union.