Kalmyks: hoomana, loina a me ka mōʻaukala o na kanaka

'Aʻole pela pinepine maʻEulopa, he mau kanaka ka poe i olelo i ka Mongolian' ōlelo. A kokoke a pau o ko lakou noho ana ma ka Repubalika o Kalmykia. Kalmyk kanaka i hele mai i ka aina i hookahi no kapa i ka Polovtsian hehi. Ma hope o kā lākou hōʻeaʻana i loko o ka 17th kenekulia, keia wahi i kapa ia ka Kalmyk hehi. I kēia lā, ka mea, o ka Repubalika o Kalmykia. Ka palapala hōʻike kona mau wahi.

moʻolelo

Hana kanaka - Kalmyks. I ka moolelo o na kanaka ua uhukiia i loko o ka hala. Ua hoʻomaka me Asia. Kalmyks - kanaka o West Mongolian ohana kapa Oirats. Lakou, ma ka huli, komo aku la i ka nui Mongol aupuni a pau i hanaʻia e Genghis Khan. He e hoʻokele i ka hoohui aneane pau loa na kanaka e noho ana ma ia manawa ma luna o ka mokuna o Central Asia.

Oirats kākoʻo Genghis Khan i loko o kona mau nei no ka naʻi ana i Rusia, ka Caucasus, Kina, Asia a me Korea. I ka mea ia manawa, a ua hanaia ia e kekahi pūʻulu o koa huahelu, i i maalo ae ma ka'āina hoʻoili hana. Over manawa, ua lilo kēia mau huahelu lāhui pūʻulu i nō nei. I kēia lā, ka mea e ole i ka manaʻo nui, i ka wa i hou pili i na e naʻi aku ai. No ka laʻana, aia no he hui Torgouts. A kapa kanaka ka poe i kiai i ka Mongol Khan. hosheutov pūʻulu oia o ka poe i malama i, ma ke alo o ka poʻe hao wale, Derbets - o lio Army.

Ka Mongol aupuni a ua nui. Wahi lulu ka haunaele i ke kūmau 'aneʻi. Over manawa, ka mea i alakai aku ai i kona mahae. Oirat ali hoole, e hoolohe i ka nui Mongol Auguseto.

Nā kumu o ka hoomana ana o ka Kalmyks

A hiki i ka 17th kenekulia ka Kalmyks hana shamanism. Akā, hana misionari mai Tibet i ka pilina i ka oiaio i ka hapanui o ka Kalmyks e apo Hoʻomana Buda. Akā, ka mea i i kōkua i ka malama i ka pono o ka Mongolian kanaka. Internecine kaua hoomau. Aka hoi, Hoʻomana Buda, Lamaism hoʻomano palahalaha ae ma ka ?? eoi? O ka mea kēia Repubalika o Kalmykia.

Kalmyk Khanate ua a 1771 hapa o Rusia. Ma nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka nui o kona ola, i ka Lūkini luna, i ole paʻa mau nui i ka mea maloko hoʻoluku. Haipule Kalmyks i ko lakou ku okoa ana o ka wae, a me ka moku'āina 'aʻole i ālai ia' aʻe i loko o kā lākou moʻomeheu. Akā, ma manawa, hoomaka ae la na luna o Rusia, e lawe ana a me ka paipai i ka poe i Orthodoxy. Kalmyks ka poe i undergone i ka oihana o ka bapetizo ana, i 'ae' ia e hele i na kulanakauhale e ae, a me na kauhale Rusia.

I ka pau ana o ka 18th kenekulia ka Lūkini moku'āina māhuahua 'ākeʻakeʻa i loko o ke kipi ola o ka Kalmyk Khanate ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaupalenaʻana i nā pono o ka Kalmyks, a ma ka 1771 ka mea i loa eliminated. I ka Ia manawa i lawe mai i ka Lūkini aupuni reorganization Kalmyks hooponopono ana. Mau mooolelo a me nā kuleana o ka Kalmyk kanaka i mālama loa. I ka i hana i ka Astrakhan mokuna ka Kalmyk huakaʻi Affairs, i ka mea e hopohopo nei me ka mālama 'ana i ulus. Hope, i ka 1847, i ka hopena o ka Kalmyk kanaka kaukaʻi ma luna o ke Kuhina o State Property.

Kalmyks. hoomana

Russian aupuni ho'āʻo e kau puʻe ma luna o ka Kalmyk kanaka ma ka mea o ka hoʻololi 'ia i Kristiano. Ma mua o ke kipi i waena o ka Kalmyks noho Buddhist clergy pono, i i waiho ai i ka 1640. Over manawa, a ma ka Orthodox manaoio ua hoʻomaka e kamaʻilio i ka Kalmyks. Hoomana hoʻomaka e palahalaha ae hoʻomaka koke ma hope o ka puka ana o ka Kulanui ma Astrakhan, Kalmykia mai geographically ua hapa o ka Astrakhan diocese. A laila, i ka Lūkini aupuni i lawe me ke kapuai hookahi, e hookupaa i ka nuʻukia, hoʻomaopopoʻole Kalmyks Kristiano. Ma ka hapalua like-19th kenekulia misionari neʻeʻana i kona apogee. I seminaries hoomaka e ao ana i ka Kalmyk'ōlelo. I ka 1871 ka mea, hoomaka ae la kona ola ana Orthodox misionari Komite, kona hooikaika ana i ke kula, ua hoʻonohonoho a wehe i ka malu, kahi e hiki ola Kalmyks. Hoomana mälie i ka hopena o ka Kalmyk kanaka hoʻololi. People ke kiʻi i ka kohu kūpono hoʻonaʻauao. Over manawa, i ke kula ua lilo he nui mikionali kula, i Loko kumu, a me nā kāula, ka poe i manao iho e kekahi uhane ike ma Kalmyk noho.

'Aʻole loa' Imi i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni HOU Kalmyks. Buddha i koe no ka hapanui o ka Kalmyk kanaka ke kumu nui i ke Akua. Kristiano i ka pahu kämaʻaʻano nui mai mai Rusia. Kona hohonu mooolelo mai i makemake e hoʻololi i ka Kalmyks. Haipule e like me ka mea i hiki ole ke hoʻololi 'ana i. He aha ka ka hoomana Kalmyks? Kēia ninau meaʻaʻohe mea pane. Aia i waena o ka Kalmyks a me Orthodox, a me ka Buddhists, a hiki shamans.

Na hihia o ka Kalmyk kanaka

Communists hele mai i ka mana i ka maikaʻi hopena ma luna o ka mōʻaukala o ka Kalmyk māhele. Ka mea, ua ka mea, i hoihoi hou ia ke kuikahi, a statehood Kalmyks hoi aku la. 1926 ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka Kalmyk hana nona iho Oblast, i hope i kapa e like me ka Kalmyk ASSR. Akā, i ka haipule ola o ka Kalmyks i ka manawa i ae nui. Kekahi haipule ha awina ua pololei holo roughshod. Ka uhane launaʻole pilikia ua hoano e Kalmyks. Hoomana ma ka waena o ka 30s i ua loa eliminated. I ka 1943, ua deported ka Kalmyk kanaka i nā wahi likeʻole o Rusia. A me kā lākou palena mai la i Lūkini. A wale nō 10 makahiki ma hope o ka Kalmyks ua hou hiki e hoʻi i ko lākou'āina. Kalmyk ASSR hoopaa iho ai i ke ola. Akā, i ka loio i ka hoʻomana i loko o ka palena o ka hooponopono a me ka ia i ua a na 80s. Uhane ka hoʻoluhi hewa wale nō ikeia Kalmyks. Hoʻomana Kalikiano hoomaka ae la e hoʻomaha wale nō i ka makahiki 1984. Ka hoʻomaka ana o keia i ka loaʻa mai o ka Orthodox County loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Priyutnoe. Kēia ia ka hoʻololi o Kalmykia ma ka Stavropol diocese. Mawaena o ka Kalmyk heluna hoomaka ae la e hōʻike kaiaulu hou, e like me ka Baptists a me ka Pentecostals. Ma Kalmykia, he mea no hoi he Buddhist kaiāulu, i ka hana i loko o 1988.

Hiʻona o ka moʻomeheu o ka Kalmyks

I loko nō o na pilikia a me nomadicʻaoʻao o ke ola,ʻaʻole i kekahi manawa hoʻopoina lākou mau mooolelo Kalmyks. Hoomana ana a me ka moʻomeheu o na kanaka i mau, ua pili iʻike makaʻole pae. Kalmyks ua paʻakikī e hoohuli i na Kristiano manaoio. Kenekulia-kahiko mooolelo i lakou i manao ai. Ma hope o na makahiki ma keia honua hana shamanism. He mea hiki ole e haehae mai i ka naau o ka Kalmyks. Ke peculiarity o ka moʻomeheu o keia heluna kanaka a me kēia lā i ka lewa i loko o ka Mongolian populations. Kalmyk Hoikehonua, ke kaiāulu kanaka, ua kiʻekiʻe o losing kona ku una ano pono'ī, akā, ma laila nō i ka aoao i i ua hoolaia a hiki i keia la.

kuʻuna hiʻona

Ahi Kalmyks noonoo kapu hehee ai. About ia ia i kekahi manawa i oleloia ma keʻano hana o Kalmyk kanaka. Deep mooolelo, aoao, a me ka moʻomeheu o ka Kalmyks ae mai, e olelo aku no ia me he kuokoa lāhui hui.

Ke ahi i ka Kalmyk kanaka i noʻonoʻo i ka e ka Sun ke Akua. Nolaila,ʻaneʻi loaʻa nō kekahi mau kapu, no ka laʻana, e kapa ma ke ahi, a me ka mai i manao e pili ana ia ia ua noʻonoʻo he hewa hana. Ua Ua papaia e kinai loa i ke ahi me ka wai. Oe e kali a kona hele ana iwaho. Ae, e hoʻopiha i ke ahi me ka one a me ka honua.

Ka hoomana ana o ke ahi i manaoia he kupaianahaʻano hana. Kalmyks i hana i kekahi mau rituals e propitiate ke ahi. Ua i kekahi ano o ka mohai. Ke cult o ke ahi - keia mea he lahui hiʻona o ka Kalmyks. Ua hōʻike ia ma na mea he nui mōʻaukala hana. Me ke ahi mōhai hiki ole ke hana i kekahi i kekahi ahaaina mare a me ka hoʻolewa. A me kēia lā mākou keʻike i nāʻoihana i loko i ke kahuna e kaumaha ana i ka holoholona ai ka ahi, a me ka heluhelu i ka pule kūikawā. No keia, ninau mai i ka pomaikai o na akua no ka haawina o ka pomaikai ma ka ohana ola o kana kaikamahine.

Funeral oihana no hoi hele ana me ke ahi mōhai. Ma ka hiku, a he kanaha-iwa o ka lā ma hope o ka hoolewa ana o ka hoahanau o ka mea i make i ke kaumaha ke ahi hipa, e hanai ana oia pela i make pili. Kalmyks ikaika aku la ia manaoio i ke ahi o keʻano o ke kahawai ma waena o ke ao nei e noho ana a me ka palupalu mea.

ke ahi hoomana

Kalmyks paa manaoio i ke ahi he mana. I mea no ke aha la kekahi o ka hoomaemaeʻano hana i piha me ke ahi. i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ia oihana, a hiki i ka panina hana. No ka laʻana, ma ka hana A. Amur-Sanan ho'ākāka 'ia ma ke ahi mau oihana hoʻomalu malihini mākaʻikaʻi ma ke alanui. Ke ahi lua ninini ma luna o ka piha o ka paakai. A laila, hele ma waena o nā ahi holoholona, a no ia mea ma luna o ke ala ukana. I keia la, i ka Kalmyks ke ahi a me ka maemae i ko lakou wahi i noho ai, obnosya ia a puni ka hale, mai ka hikina a hiki i komohana. Ma hope o ka hoʻolewa, e hoomakaukau no kela i hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻiaʻano hana ke ahi ma ka paʻa i kou lima ma luna o ia.

Paganism a Hoʻomana Buda i loko o ka moʻomeheu o ka Kalmyks paa intertwined. Pagan aku la i ke ahi, e like me ka 'elele o ka Sun ke Akua, a me ka aho, ma ka paganism keia mea ia ia iho i ka Sun ke Akua. No laila, e kaumaha aku i nā huahana me ka pumehana maoli. Ua hiki e kaʻaila, oil, wai wai. Buddhist moolelo ho i ke ahi, e like me ka hōʻailona o ke akamai. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia e puhi i kekahi naaupo.

Ke ano o ka Kalmyk kanaka

Kalmyks, e like me nā etnonarodnosti i kona mau hanana külana. Mua, ka mea, ua nui loa hamama. Na kanaka i kapaia extroverts. Ka lua, ka mea, he mea hiki a me ka naauao. Kalmyks a me kekahi hoʻomaopop 'ana i maximalism. Calmac mau paio no ka nui kāna hana kupanaha. He eʻaʻole hooneoneo i kou manawa a me ka noonoo ana ma luna o ka manaʻo o ka liʻiliʻi papahana. Puni ke ao, o ka lehulehu a me ka unahiʻole, i - a pau keia i ka lewa i loko o ka naʻau o ka Kalmyks.

Kalmyks - muli o kona kulana mua kanaka. Inā hiki, e hooikaika e hōʻike lākou individualism a me ka ia,ʻo me ka noonoo ana e like me ka hiki. I ka Ia manawa, i ka Kalmyk kanaka me ka mahalo nui i ka pakiko-nani o ka 'ē aʻe.

Kalmyks iʻeleu, mikiʻala a me ka noʻeau. Ua hiki e hookolokoloiaʻi e au,ʻaʻole wale ma kā lākou mau hana, a na ka haʻaʻana, akā, no hoi no ko lakou mau olelo. Kalmyks olelo wawe ko,'ōlewa, poeko a concisely. Kekahi kumu Kalmyk ka mea, ua like ia me ka mīkini-ka pū pāpana.

Aneane pau Kalmyks - optimists. Lakou mau kālele ana ma luna o ka maikaʻi mea i loko o ke ola, i kekahi kanaka i haliu mai e nana ole maikaʻi wale nō ano. na hana o ka panina kanaka moʻolelo a pau i ka loa maikaʻi pau ana.

Nomadic kanaka i mau imi i ka hoolea. Ke makemake ia e alakaʻi i loko o kekahi hana hoʻomaopop 'a me Kalmyks. Keia kanaka, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe loa, akā,ʻaʻole haʻaheo. Hoʻomana Buda kekahi mau maloko ike paka i Kalmyks i haaheo no Buddhist - mea he make hewa.

No ka Hoʻomana Buda ma Kalmykia o kekahi o na mele haipule neʻe ma ka'āina kūkulu i ou wahi lihi iki o Buddhist maha.

Temple o ka A ia la aku Great (Kalmykia). hōʻikeʻano

Ma ka Apana Oktyabrsky o Kalmykia (kauhale Large Tsaryn) ka hale i kekahi o ka mea nui loa Buddhist nā kaiāulu. Eia ka ka loa nani Buddhist luakini ma Kalmykia - o ka luakini o ka lanakila nui. Buddhist haipule hale i kapaʻia khurul. Kēia khurul Ua kūkulu i ka 2002. Just 2 makahiki o ka poʻe e uhau ana e hoʻokele e hoʻomaopopo i ka papahana Sangadzhieva Yu, ka mea i noʻonoʻo i ka pono kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o Kalmykia. Okatoba 11, 2002 i ka puka o ka A ia la aku Temple Nui kauoha aku weheia. Ua kūkulu Khurul hoomaikai i donations mai ka Buddhist kaiāulu nō hoʻi, nā kupa o Oktyabrsky apana a me nā kākoʻo ana ma. Peresidena o Kalmykia, Ilyumzhinov kn i ua hoʻopuka kālā lākou i ke kālā i loko o kūkulu.

O ka luakini o ka 18-mika hale. Ke kikowaena hapa ninoaaeyao ka pule keʻena, ma ke kuahu o ka moana. Ma mua o ka noho khurul mōneka. No hoi he mea he wahi kaawale no ka loaa malihini Lama. Buddha kiʻi ikeia mai ma muli o ka hoʻoikaikaʻana sculptures Vaskina Korobeynikova B. a me C. ke kikowaena hoʻokomo o huila aʻo hoʻonaniʻia kiʻi a me nā dia i Galushkinym Nikolaem.

No hoi khurul mea he kia hoʻomanaʻo no Buddha o Medicine, a me ka nui ohi o ka palapala hemolele a me ka tanok.

I Kalmykia i mau Buddhist luakini, i ka hoihoi ana i iauaeoia oo? Ecia.

Elista - oaio? O Buddhist moʻomeheu

Elista o ke kapikala o ka Repubalika o Kalmykia. Ka palapala hōʻike kona wahi.

He he hana kulanakauhale, ka mea, uaʻaʻole i like ka hapanui o Lūkini kulanakauhale. Ua Ua hoʻonaniʻia me ka Buddhist luakini a me ka lei hale o ka Hawaiian kuhikuhipuʻuone. People e noho ana i loko o Elista, Outlook a me ka hikina. Hawaiian moʻomeheu ipo e kipa Elista. Eia ka ka loa kilohana Buddha luakini, ua kaulana mawaena oʻEulopa. Aia Ua hoi he Buddhist hoailona, he punahele wahi o ka Dalai Lama iloko o kona hele aku la io Kalmykia. Ma Elista, he mea kekahi mea kupaianaha attraction - Golden Drop, i hoʻokōʻana a pau makemake. Elista - incredibly nani loa kulanakauhale. Kalmyks - lilelile kanaka. Eia ka mea, hiki ke ikeia ka piha. Beautiful costumes, haʻa - i keia distinguishes ka Kalmyks mai nā hawaiian a me ka Mongolian nationalities. Elista kaulana ole wale no Buddhist hale. Aia nō i Hawaii pau i ka Mū Kākela.

Ka mea i Mū Kākela no Kalmyks i manaoia he nui Hobby. Eia ua mau paa i ka World Mū Kākela Championship.

Temple o ka "Golden noho iho la o Buddha"

Kēia khurul manaoia kekahi o ka mea nui,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka Repubalika o Kalmykia, akā, i loko oʻEulopa. Temple e haʻaheo ai o ka wahi i loko o ka konu o Elista (Yuriya Klykova Street).

Khurul kiekie o 56 mau mika. Loko o ia ihola ke kumu i ka nui kiʻi o Buddha (12 mau mika).

Ka luakini Ua manaoia e ia i ka papa kuhikuhiE attraction Elista. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole wale nō ka nani a me ka kilohana hale. 'O kēia ka wahi e hana rituals a me ka hoomana aku i ke akua. Ka luakini Ua hoʻopuniʻia e ka symbolic pa ma ke anapuni 108 stupas ke aupuni '. Kikokiko i ka luakini, e hiki ma ka puka Hema. Aia i ekolu komo. Kēlā me kēia kekahi mea i loko o ka kekahi hapa o ko ke ao nei. Ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka luakini kohu he nui Mandala. Hookokoke ana aku i ka hale, e hiki ke ike, he umikumamahiku pagodas, a ala hou i nā kiʻi o ka nui Buddhist mōneka a me na kumu.

Khurul i ka 7 pae. Ma ka 'ilikai mua aia no he iau, he hālāwai kūkā pahale, a me ka hale waihona puke. Ma ka lua o ka 'ilikai, aia mea he kia hoʻomanaʻo no Buddha Shakyamuni a me ka pule keʻena. Ke kiʻi hoʻi lawelawe 'ana i ka waihona no ka Jewelry, mea ala, ka honua, mea kanu, a me nā mauʻu wanawana. A pau kēia mau Buddhists noonoo kapu mea. Uhi no ke kiʻi mea gula hou a me diamonds. Ke kolu o ka 'ilikai mea no kanaka? Eaia iinaoeoaeae. Eia na keena o ka mōneka, Kipeka lāʻau lapaʻau kauka, kilo a me ka luakini hooponopono. I ka ha o ka 'ilikai mea he uukuʻaha kūkā lumi. Here 'oe e' imi i ke poo o ka Buddhists nana Rinpoche Tuluk. I ka lima o ka 'ilikai o ka noho ai i Tenzin Gyatso (kona mea hemolele i ka Dalai Lama XIV). Ke ono o ka 'ilikai kūlana' na pa no kālepa hana. Ma ka hiku o ka 'ilikai hiki wale ala clerics e e bapetizoia ma ka noonoo ana.