Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Foster Norman: A Kawaihae, pāhana

I keia la o ka honua kulanakauhale hoʻolālā kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Foster Norman mea manaʻo like me ka Classic HI-ʻenehana kaila. Kona kuhikuhipuʻuone kupaa lakou Foster a me na hoalawehana hilinaʻi ma luna o ka loa mea manaʻo kulanakauhale-ho okumu i papahana ma ka'āina ma luna o nā mea a pau âinapuni. Kēia kamaaina wau Pelekāne o ka Hōkū o ko ke ao nei ka naiprestizhneyshih waiwai pio:: ka Pritzker (Analog Nobel noi i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone) a me imperial (ka mea kiekie loa i loko o ka UK). Germany i hookoia ia kona kiekie mea i loko o ke kula o ka moʻomeheu "No ka kānaka apau i mākaukau" o ke kumuhana o hoʻonupaikini o kona hale kanawai. He hana mai i ka helu o nā papahana no ka Moscow-City, oia mea no hoi he honorary lala o ka Russian Halau o Arts.

Ua hiki mai i ka pomaikai nui Foster Norman hoomaikai wale i kona tālena a me ka paa.

Ka hoʻomaka 'o ka hana

Hânau 'ia kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana Classic i ka makahiki 1935 mamuli o Manchester (UK). Makua o ka kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone i ua hana i ka poe, hana mahu turbines a me nā mīkini uila. Ma nānaina o ka mea pilikia o kaʻohana o 16-makahiki-kahiko oia i haʻakoi, e haʻalele i ke kula, a kiʻi i ka 'oihana i loko o ka Waihona o ka aina. Norman ka makua kāne moe o ka limahana o ka 'oihana no kona keiki. Ma waho aʻeo ia ke kumu o ka hana, ke keiki Foster i aʻo kālepa kānāwai. Eia naʻe, oihana hana, aole ia e hoopii i ka mea opiopio kanaka.

Oia laila, hooeueuia lakou e ka kuhikuhipuʻuone o Manchester, hoomaka ae la Foster Norman sketching invented i ka hale. Kekahi o na clerks, nā hoapili i ike i kekahi o kēia mau pena, i aʻo aku ai iā ia e hana 'oihana' o kuhikuhipuʻuone.

Naʻe, i ka manaʻo o ka moe mua i mua e ka hoʻokahi-makahiki koa hana i loko o ka Pelekania Royal Air Max, a me ka hope - nā makahiki likeʻole i akamai jobs in: i ka Hale Puhi Palaoa, he hola, he lako hale kūʻai. I ka halaʻana o ka ninaninau, Foster Norman i kekahi 'oihana i loko o ka aelike Oihana o kuhikuhipuʻuone Oihana hope manakia. Hoʻokō i kalepa hana, ka mea ike i ka mea e lilo i kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, eʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana.

ho okumu

21-makahiki-kahiko keiki i haawiia mai e hele i ka Competition ma ka pili oihana o ke Kulanui o Manchester. Naʻe, i ka manual ua i lawa ke kiʻi i kekahi e ae, e haawi ana i ka pono e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ke aupuni uku.

No ia mea, Foster Norman hoʻolimalima i ke kālā i uku no kona mau haʻawina ma ka hana i kekahi mau hola i ka lā, ka mea kahuʻai, i ke kuai, a hiki i ka mālama koa ma ke nightclub. Akā, noho ana ma ka UK hoʻonaʻauao ua aole i hiki maopopo panai ai i na 'oihana' iʻini o ka mea'ōpiopio kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone. Kona kuhikuhipuʻuone,ʻo huakaʻi i ke kai i na kupu nui skyscrapers. Foster Norman paa i ka aʻo papa i loko o ka US Yale University. Ma hope o ua noho, ui 'oihana a me kona mau hoa a me ka classmate Richard Rodgers hoi i Pelekane, kahi i kākau i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone o Nuioka ma "Team 4".

I ka hanau ana o ke kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana

I kā lākou hana mua - ka manao o ka noho hale i Ua wehi i ka hilly'āina o Cornwall, a me ka 'ihiʻihi London keʻena "Mews House" - he mea he maemae panina kuhikuhipuʻuone.

Noho ana i loko o ka makakū huli, e imi ana e kūkulu i kekahi spatially 'Amelika kuhikuhipuʻuone manaʻo o ke kūkulu, keia'ōpio hui i hana i ka hou kaila o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone - kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana. A, o ka papa, hapa o kona mau mea manaʻo manaʻo ua kālaiʻia i ka hou kuhikuhi kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Norman Foster. Kona mau manao o ka wā hōʻikeʻano nui i ka hanalima hale. A popoiwi wahi i loko o kāna hana i ka 1966 kūkulu o ka papahana, ka hale, papahana no nā hale hana ka hana kamepiula 'ē aʻe "Rilayens kumu hoʻohālikelike a".

Leo hone lokahi o nā pāʻoihana, kāohi 'ia ai a me ka hiehie o ka manao o keia hale i ka Britons olelo o ka hou hoku i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone. Ma ka mea, o ka mea kākau no Turtle hoʻohana na aesthetics o piliʻike metala, hanaʻia,ʻaʻole wale i ke kūlana o kaʻoʻoleʻa diaphragms, akā, i ka palapala malamalama reflectors, aʻiaʻi ma ia hookomo i kukui hāweo paipu. Kēia hale i ka mea hope ana "ka hui hanohano o Four", i i hanaia ma keʻano neʻepapa me Richard Rogers, kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Norman Foster.

Photos o keia hanaia'na maopopo hōʻike i kaʻike hoʻokumu o kona poʻe akamai, manao noa e hoʻohana ma o ka hana o ka hiki i nēia wā i hōʻeaʻole o nā mea a me nā hale, inventing mua ano o ka na ka leo o ka makahiki, oiai e pili ana i nā hana a me ka ultramodern facades. Ka mea, ua i ka hana o artisans. Created e nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone i hanaia e'ōlelo no iho: ma ka global kuhikuhipuʻuone i hanau he hou kaila - kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana.

Laua poe, i ko lakou mau manao

Akaka i nā mea a pau i ke kipi i loko o ke kūkulu kukulu kumu hoʻoili ma ka Noremana Foster. Projects o kona hawaii-ʻenehana makemake auou caiaiai ia eʻike mau lāʻau kū-a-kaola mall nenoai i loko o ka expressive-kīkoʻo "lana" mahele manao. Ka mea, i kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka luku wale aniani glazed facades, a, o ka papa, i ka hou loina ma ka palapala pilina. Mawaho, i kēia kuhikuhipuʻuone hana i ka illusion surreal.

I ka makahiki 1967, i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kumu o kona waiwai ponoi poe "Foster a me ka Partners", i i mai ai i 1983 (mai a hiki i ka make ana o ka hoa) ua hana ma keʻano neʻepapa me ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kaulana Buckminster holoi lole. New hoapili ia Foster ka kaulana kuhikuhipuʻuone hanaia'na mai o ko lākouʻike-pehea kīkoʻo kona malamalama Dome e uhi nui hoʻokiwikā hakahaka, a e pili ana nā manawa kūpono no ka IIeEeAIEUAA o kanaka nunui-manao hakahaka me ka hana nona iho microclimate kākoʻo.

High-ʻenehana, ua loaa hou expressive hoomaikai i ka completeness, ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia leo hone Dome, loaʻa kona 'aoʻao i loko o ka London docks a me ka ohua ku "Fred Olsen Center" (1967), i loko o ka hale o ka "Willy Faber a me Dyuma" (Ipswich, 1974)

Ka hiʻona'āina hale aʻe, a lawe mai wahine kaulana i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, lilo iho la ka Sainsbury Center, i kukulu ia ma ka hikina Beritania i ka makahiki 1977 ma ke kula nui. Foster ka manaʻo - e hui ma lalo o kekahi hale i pono okoa i loko o kā lākou ooieoeiiaeuiuo wahi: he iau, he Hawaii, ke kulanui ia iho, i ka hooilo māla i ka pomaikai.

Paha me keia manawa-moana lipolipo manaʻo kuhikuhipuʻuone poe loli. Ma ke kauoha o ka waiwai a pilikino nā kānaka hoʻopukapuka kālā hoomaka ae la e hoʻomōhala Norman Foster manao. 10 mea maikai o ia ke lawe mai i loko o kēia 'atikala. Building, no ka hanaia'na o ka mea ana i ua hoʻopuka kālā i kona talena a me ka uhane a pau, e ka integral hapa o ka hoʻokiwikā panorama o na kulanakauhale he nui. E ka hoʻomaka mākouʻike kamepiula kaapuni kana.

London: hale-kaʻukama

Atypical kuhikuhipuʻuone i Londoners hana me ka wahi o ka Quotes i kapaia "erotica gherkin" a "mau sexy cigar." Akā, oi pinepine sorokaetazhnoe hale o ka Hawaiian ke keʻena luna o ka lapaʻau hui Hawaiian Re, ma ke ala, kekahi o ka mea nui i loko o ke ao nei, i kapaʻia ka "Gherkin" (The Gherkin). Ua Ua i hehiʻana, e like me ka makaʻu, me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone nānā aku o ke kulanakauhale alii o Beritania, ike pono i loko o laila. Na tausani o ka oihana hana hana 'aneʻi. Hawaii a me nā kaola i aia ma luna o ka luna papahele o ka hanaia'na o ka Beritania.

New York: Tower Heiloo

Hearst Inc Media aupuni a pau i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, a na na kamaaina i kapa aku ai i ka "Big Apple", i loaa i ka haawina mai Foster. papahana kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻoneʻana i makakū hou o ka kūloko lōʻihi-makahiki no? ieoaeunoaa. Ma nānaina o ka hookuku kaua 30 makahiki o ke kaumaha nui, ua paʻahau Americans, a laila hooki i ka hana o ka Classic skyscraper mea nana i ulana, i hoopaaia e waiho ana i ke kahua, a malalo palaoa.

Ma luna o ia mau mea, Norman Voster kukulu ia i ka sparkling aniani Panel Triangular ergonomic halekiai me kanaka nunui puka makani o ka mea e kahiko ai aniani ma a? Aaiuo ikeia no ka luna hoʻopuka Cosmopoltan "a me Esquire e hana nei. Ike-ana o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone mea i uliuli hale: puhi ma kona ano maoli ea pele hoʻohana no kona iho hoʻokomo ea a me ka ua ka wai i haule iho ma luna o ka hale, - no ka ea hoʻoikaika kino nenoai, a no ka hoohainu i ka wai kanu.

France Bridge "Viaduct Villot"

Kēia hale, oi aku ke kiekie o ke kaulana Eiffel Tower, Norman Foster pili ana i kā lākou mau papahana (ka luna 10). Photos o ka uapo ma ke Tarn River, aku, mai kaʻaoʻao hema o Farani a hiki i Sepania, Hōʻike 'ke kū hoʻokahi o ka makakū manaʻo. Ke alahaka ma waena o na Hawaii e loli aiʻohana loloa kia, kilomika alanui, lāʻau malumalu Triple anticorrosion ka penaʻana. He ole wale unloaded e ae mai ka ikaika kalepa ae la lakou Jam alanui A-75, akā, no hoi o Laielohelohe na iauaeoia oo? Ecia, e lilo ana i ka luawai-ike kuhikuhipuʻuone hiʻona'āina o Farani.

London kahua pâʻani nei "Wembley"

Ka nui i ka lā kahua pâʻani nei i loko o ke ao nei, e hana i kekahi laekahi kiʻi a i ka lima i loko o Norman Foster, hoʻokipa kona mua hoolohe ana i ka 2007. Ke kaʻao Arena nô hoʻi, ka motherland o ke aupuni i loko o kona kēia palapala e kaili mai i ka 90 tausani nā kanaka mākaʻikaʻi! Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone elegantly ia i ka manawa kūpono o ka aukukū mai (i hookuu 'ia ma ka muliwai a me ka mākeke ma ke kahua pâʻani nei.) People i loko o nā E kūʻoe e hele mai Via escalators, me ka huina pau loa o ka 400 mau mika. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka papahana o ka meaʻai e pio mai o ka 130 mika ma ka lōʻihi, e kākoʻo i ka hāʻuleʻana kaupaku o ka haʻuki wahi uku paha. Glowing Triomphe i ka po hiki mai nā wahi mai o London.

Oia ke kaupaku kanu'ōiwi nā mea nui no ka LAWN mālama. Ma muli o ia maoli Map kīnā i ka pono malama o ka LAWN o ke kahua pâʻani nei.

Germany. Pelelina. Reichstag

Ma keia hale, me ka exaggeration, ho'āʻo e kiʻi i nā hoaʻai a Pelelina. Mua Reichstag, i ua manawa kapaia Bundestag, koe wale no ka mōʻaukala Hawaii, ua lilo ke kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana kahaha. Ke uwa maila i loko o nā makahiki 90 i ka Competition no kona? Aeiino? Norman Foster i lako ole wale i ka hale o ka Pekelala Ahaolelo (Bundestag) aniani Dome hoomaopopo ana i ka 360-degere nānaina o ke kūlanakauhale - ka naau o Hawaii, akā, no hoi i kekahi kumu redesign o kona Keena Kalaiaina ka leo. Ma ka noho kōna mawaho iwi o ka hale i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone i hana i nā hana haytekovskogo maloko 'ia. Keia ua loaʻa me ke kōkua o kēia Panel a me kila hale. Bright, pohaku maoli, a me ka Nani Loa pōhaku puna haawi aku i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia pā o ka Bundestag i ka mea ia manawa kilohana a me ka ergonomic nānā aku.

Aneea oneiaey. Astana. "Khan Shatyr"

Anei oe manaʻo kekahi kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kukulu ia i ka nui halelewa i loko o ke ao nei? Ke ninau Ua rhetorical. Ka hale uhi i ka nui ele o 10 pôpeku mahinaʻai. Kona hanana kaupaku intentionally papahana ma ke ano o ka hana i ho'ākāka 'kēlāʻohana. Kona kū hoʻokahi - i loko o ka asymmetry (ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone aie i ka manaʻo o Art Nouveau). Tausani o ka uwea, Haka pono ia rigidly, i ka hana o ka hale kiaʻi i ka mea ia manawa i paa 650 hanalima climbers. Ke loa e kukulu ana o ka hale ua e like me ka hōʻike!

Loko o kēia pono haytekovskogo iauaeoia o aneea oneiaey ka lua ikona a? Acaeaeaoaeuiiai oaio? A me kēia ōlaʻi o Hawaii, pōʻeleʻele loa, hale kūʻai nui, i ka laau palau, cinemas.

Naʻe, i keʻano o ka "Khan Shatyr" Ua kū hoʻokahi a hiki i ka hehi aupuni i loko o wai puna i ke kahakai (one i loko o ka ka penaʻana i hoʻohana i ke kaulana keʻokeʻo pele one, mai ka Kauai Hawaii).

Pelekane Nui. London. Airport "Stansted"

I ka manao o keia hale, kūkuluʻia i loko o ka 50-kilomika o ka mamao mai London, ka Haku Foster i hou mua. He initially hoʻowahāwahā i ka panina canons o ke kūkulu o ka iauaeoia. Kona papa kuhikuhiE makakū rula - ka luna 'poe noonoo ole - hookahi manawa hou hoike ia ia iho i loko o piha. Unique maʻi kaupaku aniani i kākoʻo 'ia e ka? Aieao o ke paipu pauku, contours e hoohalike ai Kuapo pyramid i malama ā hiki mai maoli ii iai. E hoʻokahe i kēia hale e pili international airport, ua like no me ka nui aniani kupa haytekovsky.

Pelekane Nui. Boston. Museum o Paheona Arts

A ulu ka helu o nā ho'āʻoʻia mai o ka mea nui loa e neeaaia ma Beritania i hana mai i ka pilikia. He hou lawa i loaʻa i manawa e lawa ia lakou. E kōkua kaomi 'ana Baron Foster. Ma keia hihia, ia mea, me ka loli i ka kanawai paa waiwai o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, kukulu iho la i ka akea laekahi 'eha-yoa? Iiai hale, a hoʻoneʻe i ka pau exposition o' Amelika Art. Ka pilikia makahiki, ua apono ia no ka mea e neeaaia no na makahiki.

Germany. Frankfurt. "Commerzbank Tower"

A hiki i Honolulu i kēia hale i kuhikuhipuʻuone manaʻo nui, like me ka halekiai o London a me ka Eiffel Tower no Paris. Aloha i, keia mea he hana kāleka o ke kulanakauhale. Unique triangular skyscraper hoʻokō i ka manaʻo o Europa? Aneie hale. Loko ia ma eha palaoa o ka hananaʻoni iho kanu nā mahinaʻai: ke Kaiwaenahonua, ka North American, hawaiian. Kanaka e noho ana i loko o ka hale, aia i loko o ke kū hoʻokahi 'āina-haytekovskogo.

ola i ka wā e hiki mai

Oiaio kekahi o ka loa hana hoihoi nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ko mākou manawa o ka Noremana Foster. Papahana, ke Beritania maestro kuka mai kuhikuhipuʻuone mamua o ka manawa. He mea he mea ho'ākamai a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni i ka shaping ka kuhikuhipuʻuone helehelena o nā kūlanakauhale ma ka poepoe honua. Kuhikuhipuʻuone poe "Foster a me ka Partners" mau kükulu symbolic a me nā hale i loko o 'Eulopa, i loko o ka New World, ma Asia. Characteristically, ka mea i ma hope o kā lākou kukulu i ka hookolokolo kiekie pae kuhikuhipuʻuone, lilo nui o ka? Acaeoey o kēia kūkuluʻia o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi.

He He He ano akamai. Kona hale, ua pili i na mea he nui kekahi mau pōʻaiapili ': ina paha ia mea i ka modernization o ke aupuni hale, a me ke kūkulu houʻana o ka hanalima hale, i ka hana o ka mea manaʻo ikona kulai a me ka pale kaua o hoʻokiwikā aeuiiai ieaia?: Alahaka a me international airport.

I ka lā,ʻo ia i hoʻokō papahana i loko o 22'āina. Like manakia nui o kona holomua poe no na makahiki mua i na manao o ka hana o Norman Foster.

Papahana ma Rusia - ia mea i ka loa e pono hana, akā, he meaʻiʻo. Ka mea ka mea, ua hoʻoholo mua no ke kōkua 'ana me ka haku, ke Moscow aupuni i la no hoi ia e hoʻopaneʻe' ia ana maoli manaʻo o nā papahana. Ua mea e pili ana i ka skyscraper, "Rusia" pāhana, i ke kiekie o ka 612 mika ma ka ?? eoi? O ka Moscow International Business Center "Moscow City". Kēia hale o 118 palaoa ma hope o kona kukulu, makemake ia i ka lani kiekie loa maʻEulopa. An kilakila ka nui o ke kūkulu, i? Oaony ma luna o ka wahi o ka 520.800ʻahā like mika. ? Ieoaeunoai Ua hoʻomaka 'ana i ka 2007. Naʻe, i loko o ka hahai pū nō hoʻi o ka papahana eliminated i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea hoʻopukapuka kālā - ka poe Shalva Chigirinsky, uaʻike piʻi kālā pilikia. A laila, i ka poe "Foster a me ka Partners" Ua manaoia e emi ke kiekie o ka hale ekolu mau manawa. Ua mālama akula i ways, kālā nā palena o ka Moscow ke aupuni i loko o ka ulia. A laila, ma March 2012, i hoonoho ai i 360 mau mika i ka n ieaie? Kiʻekiʻe o ka hale kaua. A eia ka mea hope, o ka papahana makemake haalele. I kēia manawa i ka hana āpana ua kūkulu fundamentally okoa 'ole.

ka hopena

I kēia lāʻo ia ua noʻonoʻo i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ka helu 1 i loko o ke ao nei. Ma kona mau hoa a pau o ka 500 'Oihana hana ma luna o ka paʻa' aelike, a me kekahi 100, oia hires makahiki ma lalo o ka aelike. Maestro ka ike ole ia o ka pomaikai o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone - i loko o kaʻike hoʻokumu, e like me ka 'ōlelo ikaika o kona hui, i nā kanaka, mai a puni ke ao nei: David Nelson a Spencer de Ka Hinahina.

Ua la'a kahi malihini mai ka'ohana hana hana i ka ho'omaopopo piha'ana i kona kūlana hana nui. Ua ho'omau'o ia e ho'okūpa'a i ka'ōlelo Pelekānia i ka hilina'i o kāna mau hana ho'olālā, a laila'o ke koena o ka honua. Ho'okumu ikaika'o Architect Foster Norman i ke'ano o ke'ano ho'ohālikelike i hana'ia e ia iho i ke ola o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā'āina. Ma loko o nā makahiki ho'ona'auao (Baron-architect of 80 makahiki),'a'ole'o ia e hele i loko o nā malu, e ho'omau ana i ka ho'opau'ana i nā mea ho'olālā like'ole o nā mea hou i kēia manawa.