Kanaka naehana nā loko. 'Ole a me ka hana ana o ka ÷ naehana hanu'ōnaehana

He aha hiki ke kapaia ka papa kuhikuhiE anakahi o ka vitality o na kanaka? O ka holo ana, ia mea he makani. A kanaka ke hana me ka ai a me ka wai no kekahi manawa. Me ka lewa no ka nui hana nei,ʻaʻole e hiki i nā mea a pau.

Overview

He aha e ha? He ka loulou ma waena o ke kaiapuni a me kanaka. Inā ka lewaʻai ana no kekahi kumu, ua pono, o ka naau a me ka ÷ naehana hanu nā loko o ke kanaka e hoomaka i ka hana ma ka ulia pōpilikia 'ano paha. O ke kumu ho i ka pono, e hoʻolako lawa ka oxygen. e hiki ke hakuloli i? aneie variability nā loko o ka naehana nenoaiu.

hana hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

ʻepekema, ua hiki ke hookupaa aku ana i ka lewa komo i ke kanaka naehana'ōnaehana, 'ano apau loa nā pele (kaulia ana). Kekahi o ia komo i loko o kaʻaoʻao hema o ka ihu. Naehana Research hōʻike i ka lua, e hele ia ma kaʻaoʻao'ākau. Mau loea, i kekahi hōʻike i ka lolo arteries i Wāwahi i loko o nā kahawai loaa ka ea. Penei, o ka hanu kaʻina hana e e pololei. He mea nui ke malama i ka maʻamau ola ana o kanaka. E noonoo i ka 'ole o ke kanaka naehana hanu.

nui hiʻona

I ka olelo e pili ana i hanu kanaka, ia mea he lākou no keʻano o ka hanaʻana pahuna ma ka hōʻoia 'i ana lako hou no o oxygen i nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko. A pau keia kino ua wehe 'ia mai' ona a mea i hanaʻia ma muli o carbon dioxide e loaa hou mai. Hanu mea he nui loa luna 'kaʻina. He hele ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. ea muliwai a me ka mākeke i loko o ke kino penei ka anu u:

1. Hoʻokomo ea. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kinoea e loaa hou mai ma waena o Ambient ea a me alveoli. Kēia pae Ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka mawaho hanu.
2. Kūkaʻi o kinoea, laweia aku la i loko o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Ua lŘlŘ ma waena o ke koko a me ka alveolar ea.
3. Mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana: haawi no o oxygen, mai ka ia maʻiʻaʻai a hiki i na nā'aʻaʻa, like hoʻi me ka amo ana o ke kalapona'okikene lua, mai ka hope a hiki i ka mea kahiko. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka neʻeʻana o nā kinoea Via ke koko.
4. I kekahi kahua o ke kinoea launa like. Ua komo ai'aʻaʻa keena a me ke koko capillaries.
5. Eia hoi, i ka loko hanu. Ua pili ia i ka liluwelo'okesaside, a ia lŘlŘ ma ka mitochondria o aeee.

ka papa kuhikuhi hana

Kanaka naehana hanu i no ka wehe 'ana o ke kalapona'okikene lua, mai ke koko. Kā lākou hana mea i kona oxygenation. Inā ka papa hiʻona i ka ÷ naehana hanu'ōnaehana, keia - ka mea nui.

koho paha

Aia i kekahi kanaka naehana hanu hana, iwaena o lakou, hiki ke hōʻike 'ia penei:

1. E lawe ana i keʻano o ka hanaʻana thermoregulation hapa. Ka mea e ka ana lewa mahana e loli ai i ka ia aiao o ke kanaka kino. Ma exhalation, i ke kino nalowale wela i ka mawaho kaiapuni. I ka Ia manawa ka mea, ua ho'ēmi, ina he mea hiki.
2. Lālau aʻela ia i loko o ka secretory keʻano o ka hanaʻana mahele. Ma pau, pu me ka lewa, mai ke kino (koe wale no ka ke kalapona'okikene lua) e wehe 'ia ka wai mahu. Ua pili kekahi i kekahi'ē aʻe waiwai. No ka laʻana,'eto ka waiʻona ana haole nei i wai.
3. E lawe i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea reactions hapa. Mahalo i kēia hiʻona, ke kanaka naehana nā loko i hiki hoʻolilo o kekahi pathologically pilikia hehee wale. Mau nā, ma ka nui, nā pathogenic nā mea hoʻomaʻi, koʻohune a me nā microorganisms. Ua hiki ua hāʻawi i kekahi mau akemāmā keena. Ma keia e pili ana, ka mea hiki e wahi ana i na kumu o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu.

kekahi hana

Aia mau loa haka hoʻomōhala hana o ka naehana nenoaiu. Ma kekahi, ua mālamaʻia kekahi hana bronchi, trachea, larynx, nasopharynx. I waena o kēia mau compartmentalized oihana i na kēia:

1. Anuanu a hoopumahana ia ka hoʻopā ai ea. Keia i ka hanaia ua hana ia e like me ka Ambient mahana.
2. Humidification (ana) a ua ālai 'ka maloʻoʻana mai o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai.
3. Hoomaemae ana o ka muliwai lewa. Ma kekahi, ua pili i ka haole mea. No ka laʻana, e hoʻopā ai ka lepo mai o ka lewa.

Ka 'ole o ke kanaka naehana nā loko

All kumu mua i pili e kuikawa kaha. E like me ia ia ia e pii ana ma, a mai ka lewa. Nō hoʻi i loko o kēia'ōnaehana loaʻa nā maʻiʻaʻai - nā loko, kahi kinoea, ua panai ia lŘlŘ. Ke pa alima o ka luna ', a pehea ia hana mea he luna'. ke kanaka naehana'ōnaehana (nā kiʻi i hoikeia ma lalo nei) ma ka oi au mamuli noonoo.

Information e pili ana i ka nasal lua

Naehana'āpana hoʻomaka me ia. Ke nasal lua ua kaawale mai o ka waha. Front - keia mea no ka paakiki kīleo, a me ka hoʻi - pahee. Ma ka nasal lua i ka cartilage a me ka iwi iwi. Ua Ua maheleia i haʻalele a me ka pololei aoao ke aloha a hiki i ka paa pā pōhaku. Nō hoʻi, ma laila nō ekolu turbinate. Mahalo iā ia, i ka lua ua maheleia i āhua:

1. Lower.
2. Ka.
3. Luna.

E like me na la hele exhaled a ana ka ea.

hiʻona mucous

Ua loaʻa i ka laulā o ka maalea, e hiki i papahana no ka iapaau ana o ana ea. Mua o nā mea a pau, e uhi i ka ciliated epithelium. Kona cilia hana i kekahi ana moena. No ka mea, flicker cilia, lepo ua wehe 'loa ke puana mai i ka nasal lua. Lauoho a mea ma ka pā kihi o ka lua, i hoʻonui i ka hopu ana i na oihana mua. Ke mucousʻili lahilahi he kūikawā glands. Lākou huna envelops i ka lepo, a kōkua ai i nā kona hoʻopau. Eia kekahi, humidification ia lŘlŘ.

Mucus i ua aia i loko o ka nasal lua, he bactericidal waiwai. Ua na lysozyme. Ua lako e kōkua e emi i ka hiki ana o koʻohune e paʻi. Ua i pepehi ia. Ke mucosa mea he iiiaanoaa o aa koko. Ma lalo o kekahi rula, ka mea, i hu nui ae la. Inā ka mea i poino, a laila, hoʻomaka nosebleeds. Ke kumu o kēia mau ē aʻei ua hahana maoli nō kēia i ka lewa maalo ae la oia ma ka ihu o ka mokulele hēkī. White koko keena haʻalele i ka ipu koko a me kaʻikeʻia ma luna o ka mucosal ili honua. Ka mea i hana i ka aiiay kuleana pili i. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka phagocytosis o leukocytes i pepehi. Ke'ī mai, ma ka mucus i ua hookuu mai i ka ihu, he he hailona o ka make "hoʻomalu mai". Next, i ka lewa ae i loko o ka nasopharynx, a laila, - i loko o nā nā loko o ka naehana nenoaiu.

larynx

Ua mea ma ke alo o ka hypopharynx. Ua nui no 4-6-ko cervical vertebrae. Larynx hoʻokumu cartilage. Recent maheleia i hui (auka, rozhkovidnye, arytenoid) a me ka unpaired (cricoid, thyroid). Ma keia hihia, ke epiglottis ua pili i ka uka kae o ka hope o ka cartilage. Ma moni 'ia, e uhi i ka puka e komo ai i ka larynx. Pela, ka mea, ua hooki mai ke komoʻana i loko o ia i kaʻai.

vocal kaula Two holo, mai ka thyroid a hiki i ka arytenoid cartilages. Glottis mea he wa a ua hanaʻia ma waena o lākou.

General 'ike e pili ana i ka trachea

He He hoomau o ka larynx. Ua Ua maheleia i mau bronchi: haʻalele a me ka pono. Bifurcation - He he wahi kahi i ka trachea lala. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka hahai ana i ka loa: 9-12 knm. Ka awelika transverse anawaena mea he umikumamawalu millimeters.

Ke trachea e komo mai i ka iwakālua o ka kāpili cartilaginous apo. Ka mea, i pili ma ka fibrous ligament. Mahalo i ka hapa-apo cartilaginous Hawaiian Airlines e laholio. Eia hou, ua i ka mea e kahe ana no ia mea, hiki wawe ka passable no ka lewa.

Membranous posterior tracheal paia ua flattened. Ua na ala apuupuu Muscle'aʻaʻa (kaola e holo lengthwise a crosswise). Kēia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana ana o ka trachea puʻu wā, ha, a no laila, ma luna o. Me ka pili ana i ka mucousʻili lahilahi, e uhi i ka ciliated epithelium. Ma keia hihia, ke koe o ka hapa o ka epiglottis a me ka mau kaula vocal. ia no hoi i ka mucous glands a me lymphoid'aʻaʻa.

bronchi

Kēia mau hehee ai. Two bronchi, a i maheleia i loko o ka trachea, e komo pū i loko o ka lima hema, a he pono ia maʻiʻaʻai. Aia mau laau-e like ai manamana ai i loko o liʻiliʻi hehee wale, a i komo i loko o ka pulmonary lobes. Penei, hana bronchioles. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke ahiahi, oi uuku airway lala. Anawaena naehana bronchioles paha e 0.5 mm o. Lakou, ma ka huli, hana i ka alveolar ducts. Recent na welau o ka lakou mauʻeke.

He aha e na alveoli? Kēia protrusion, me ka palapala o Oe, a i aia ma luna o nā paia o ka lakou mau eke, a Pńk'pika. Lākou anawaena o 0,3 mm o, a me ka helu i e mai i 400 Mill, kēia hoʻolako i ka manawa kūpono o ke kukulu ana i ka nui naehana ili. Kēia ololi me ka nui loa e loli ai i ka nui o ka malamalama. hiki e māhuahua ai ka hope.

Ka mea nui wale kanaka naehana kahua

Ka mea, i manaoia na ia maʻiʻaʻai. Nui mai pili me ia, hiki e ola mau olelo hooweliweli. Light (Hawaii photo hōʻike i ka 'atikala) e aia i loko o ka pahu lua, i ua hermetically hoopaaia. Kona hope pā hana AYEIE spine a me ka iwi aoao i ua movably i pili. Ma waena o ia mea, he kūloko ma, a mawaho nāʻiʻo.

Ke thoracic lua ua kaawale mai ka abdominal lalo. Kēia ke komo pū o midriff paha diaphragm. akemāmā'anatomia mea,ʻaʻole he mea. Ma kānaka, he mea mau. Ka'ākau akemāmā i ekolu lobes. I ka Ia manawa ka hema i elua. Ka luna o na maʻiʻaʻai - ka mea, o ko lakou hou luna a me na kumuwai hoopomaikai io noʻonoʻo kai. Kekahi mau puka. Ka mea, i na poe ma na Groove ma luna o ka pā ili o na ia maʻiʻaʻai. Ma ia mau moku koko, bronchi, nä olonä, a me nā ipu lymphatic. Ka mole iloko ona i kakauia na totality o ka mea ma luna o nāʻoihana.

Light (Hawaii photo hōʻike lākou mau wahi), a he oiaio, ua lākou'aʻaʻa, i haku no ka poe liilii, nā hale. Ka mea, i kapaʻia slices. Mau mea? Eou uuku i i ka pyramidal shape. Bronchi, a i komo i loko o ka AYEIE Hoʻohana, māheleʻia i loko o naehana bronchioles. Alveolar oni ana ma laila ma ka pau ana o kela mea keia mea o lakou. Kēia a pau'ōnaehana mea he iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai pa alima o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Ua kapa acini.

Lightweight lole komoʻuʻuku nona pleura. Kēia wahi he o nā kumu mua. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana ma waho (parietal) a me na (visceral) petals (malamalama huakai kaapuni a ua pili ma lalo nei). Hope huna ia, a ma ka mea ia manawa o ka pā iwi. Ua hana ka hoʻololi i loko o ka pā kiʻekiʻe pepa o ka pleura, a me ka iwi o ka loko paia o ka thoracic lua. Kēia hualoaʻa ma ka geometrically paa huna uuku capillary ka lewa. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pleural lua. Ua loaʻa he uuku ka nui o ka wai kupono. Ua ia i pulu i ka pleura. Kēia kōkua ai i nā lākou ka hāʻuleʻana pu. loli ana o ke ea i loko o nā maʻiʻaʻai aie i na kumu. Kekahi o ka papa kuhikuhiE mea e hoʻololi i ka nui o ka pleural a me ka thoracic cavities. 'O kēia ka'anatomia o na ia maʻiʻaʻai.

Waiwai hoʻokomo oʻano papa hana, a me ka lewa mākeke

I hōʻike muaʻia, ma waena o ke kinoea i ua aia i loko o ka alveoli, a me ka lewa ana. Ua ua kena ae la ia e ka rhythmic alternating breaths. Light aʻole ole i ka Muscle'aʻaʻa. No keia kumu, kā lākou mālama nui ka ho'ēmiʻana mea hiki ole. Ma keia hihia, ke kūlana K'lauea haawi mai ai i ka ÷ naehana hanu nāʻiʻo. A i ka mea lawe i ka hanu lōlō ia mea,ʻaʻole e hiki. Ma keia hihia, i ka ÷ naehana hanu nenoaia e ole iʻa.

Food mea he hana o ke inhalation. He heʻeleu kaʻina, ma i lako pono i ka hua i loko o ka pahu. Pau o ka hana o ka exhalation. Kēia kaʻina He OE. He mea ku pono ia i ka mea i ka thoracic lua emi.

Ha kalapona ua hōʻike hope kūlana o ka inhalation a me ka exhalation. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka lewa ke komoʻana i ka puka, a loaa ka mea mawaho kēlā nāʻiʻo komo. I ka hoemi lākou mau kihi a hoʻomaka e ala. I ka Ia manawa he mea he mea ulu ma ka thoracic lua. Ke diaphragm ua hoemiia. Naʻe, ka mea i oi ma mua o ka palahalaha kūlana.

Like no ka incompressible nā loko o ka abdominal lua, a laila ka mea, e kipaku ana i kaʻaoʻao, a iho iloko o ke kaʻina. Ke Dome o ka diaphragm iloko o maluhia hanu ua kuu iho la ma ka hola hapalua o ka kenimika. Pela, he mea he mahuahua ma vertical ka nui o ka pahu lua. Ma ka hihia o ka hohonu loa hanu i loko o ka inspiratory hana o ka 'oihana kākoʻo nāʻiʻo, i waena o i mea na kēia:

1. Rhomboid (aʻolua e hoʻokiʻekiʻe aʻe ke kōmi ').
2. Trapezius.
3. Small a me ka nui umauma.
4. Ke serratus anterior.

I ka pa o ka thoracic lua a me ia maʻiʻaʻai uhi serosa. Pleural lua poe i ka puali ololi slit ma waena o nā a lahilahi. Ua na serous loli. Light i ka manawa a pau i loko o ka lima moku'āina. Keia mea no ka mea, i ka puʻe i loko o ka pleural lua mea io. He he laholio koʻokoʻo. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ka huina o ka malamalama ua mau hooikaika ana e emi. Ka hopena-kai aneane kela naehana Muscle relaxes. Ka puʻe i loko o ka pleural lua ma lalo nei ka lewa puʻe. i kekahi mau kanaka he nui kūlana i loko o ka inspiratory e hana keaka diaphragm a intercostal nāʻiʻo. Alaila, ua hiki ke kamailio e pili ana i keʻano o ka hanu.

1. Raeburn.
2. Diaphragmatic.
3. Typhoid.
4. Umauma.

Ua ua manawa ike i na wahine Kīwala'ō i ka hopeʻano o ka hanu. Men ma ka hapanui o na hihia he mea abdominal. Ma mālie hanu exhalation ia lŘlŘ ma muli o ka laholio ikehu. Ua accumulates i ka mua hanu. I ka wā o nā nāʻiʻo hoʻonānea, na iwi aoao hiki e passively hoʻi a hiki i ka ho wahi. Inā hoemi i ka puka, e emi iho, ka mea, e lawe i kou kahiko na¯ haʻawina kūlana. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka abdominal nā loko hana ma luna o laila. Ke'ī mai, i ka puʻe i loko o ka mea emi.

A pau o ka mea ma luna o keʻano o ka hanaʻana alakai i ka mīkini'opihia o na ia maʻiʻaʻai. O kēia mau mea, no ka lewa mai mai (OE). Ka ikaika Exhale - ia mea he kaila kaʻina. Ua Ua hele ia e ka mea maloko intercostal nāʻiʻo. Penei kā lākou mau olona, holo i loko o ke ku pono ana i ala e hiki aku ina ka e like me ka mea mawaho. e hoemiia lakou, a me na iwi aoao, moe iho la. No hoi he mea i ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka thoracic lua.