Ke Hekikai o alphabetic kākau ma Poinike (Makahiki)

Ua kahiko noho maikai ana ua manawa aneane hoopoina, no ka mea, haʻalele ai i kā lākou mau meheu loaʻuʻuku aina. Aka, ia radically hoʻololi i ka holo ana o ka moolelo, paa i ka hooulu ana o ka moʻomeheu a me ka 'epekema no kekahi mau kenekulia e hiki mai ana. Ke Hekikai o alphabetic palapala ma Poinike ua noʻonoʻo i ka nui e piʻi like ana o ka meaʻuʻuku, akā, he ikaika i loko o kona manawa i ka malina mana. Akā, mua na mea mua.

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I ike i na mea he nui, ka mea i ikeia'ku me alphabetic kākau ma Poinike. Akā, eia no ma keia aupuni e i ike i na mea a pau. Kahiko ka noho noho ana he uuku loloa o ka aina ma ka hikina kahakai o ke Kaiwaenahonua. Ua hookiia mai ai mai ke koena o ka Lebanese mauna, a aneane hele mai a kokoke i ka wai Her aina. Inā mākou e hoohalike ai i ka Phoenician moku'āina me nā maikai ana o ka honua kahiko - Mesopotamia,ʻAigupita, Peresia, Greece a me ka Roma, ka mea pono ia ia i kekahi maoli loa. Akā, kona poʻe e noho ana i hele aku ai i nā mea a pau awa ma ke Kaiwaenahonua? Aaeiia. Kona mau moku kaʻi nui i huakūʻai, a me ka poe kalepa lakou ia lakou iho, i kuʻiʻia hoʻokipa i loko o nā aliʻi hale aliʻi. Ua ua i huikau ka hanana o nā palapala ma Poinike. Ma hope o helu mahina no ka pono efficient a me ka hemahema hoi ka'ōnaehana pūnaewele.

Phoenicians - wai mau mea?

I kēia ka mea, ua ike i invented alphabetic kākau ma Poinike. Ka wā eʻikeʻia - pono lawa? Anoee nīnau. Akā, 'aneʻi ka poe e noho ana o ka moku'āina o ke kai - nā kākau moʻolelo mai e ike. Kā lākou poʻe kūpuna i noho ai i loko o kēia mau aina i kakahiaka nui me ke kolu o Ka Wā Kaukani BC. Naʻe, ka moku'āina me ia mea, ua ole, ua kekahi mau kulanakauhale, kahi a ke ola o ka piha kowali. Ka mea, kapa aku la lakou ia lakou iho ma ka inoa o ka hooponopono (tiriytsy, ko Sidona), a hoi aku la i ko lakou mau hale i ka aina o Kanaana. Semitic ōlelo, kokoke i ke kālā no Apapika, ka 'ōlelo kahiko ua o ka Asuria, Akkadians, na ko Aigupita, i ko lakou makuwahine.

E like me na mea he nui kahiko kākau, aia no i ka Phoenicians o na mokupuni ma ke awawa. Ko ka hale, ka mea paha i waiho i ka pau ana o ka ha o Ka Wā Kaukani BC. Ma keia manawa, archaeologists lawe aku na ko läkou 'mua o ko lākou mau ka noho ma luna o ka Kaiwaenahonua kahakai.

aupuni inoa

Alphabetic ke kākau 'ana iʻikeʻia ma Poinike i loko o nā makahiki i kakahiaka nui, ma ka wanaao o kanaka noho maikai ana. Ka mea, o kā lākou'ōlelo Hawaiʻi, i pihaʻi wale iwakalua-nā palapala, lilo iho la ka prototype o ke kākau 'ana i nā' oihana o ka honua kahiko. He hana hoihoi i loaʻa i kekahi mau wale nō o ke kumu o ka inoa o ka moku'āina. Ka mua - ka loa, he pono ole, wahi a i Poinike ua unuhi mai Greek like "Country o ka poni." Ua Uaʻaneʻi koʻu mau pohihihi kalameaʻai pipiʻi fabrics. Akā, hiki ke unuhi 'ia pū me "Ka Land o ka Phoenix", he Fabulous a pau i mea hiki ia e reborn mai i ka lehu o ka inoa. Phoenix iʻikeʻia i loko o ka hikina, ma kahi āna i noho ai i ka Phoenicians. Ke kolu o ka mana - o ka loa paha. E like me ia, i ka inoa moku'āina ua loko mai o ka olelo o Aigupita la me ka manao kūkulu o ka moku.

E like me ka Phoenicians ola

Alphabetic ke kākau 'ana ma Poinike iʻikeʻia i loko o kaʻumikumamālima-ʻumikumamākolu kenekulia BC. A hiki ia manawa, kanaka noho ma ka aina momona a me ka hoʻomāhuahua ai. ʻOiai ka mea, ua uuku, he mea hiki, e ulu fiku,ʻoliva, i nā hua waina,? Aneii bipi a me ka hipa. UaʻAʻohe pono i artificially irrigated soils, no ka mea, ua profusely wai. Ke kai i ka iʻa a me nā papa anuʻu loa kai kolo. 'Aʻole surprisingly, ma ka waena o ka III Ka Wā Kaukani BC. e ka. he uuku kauhale ulu i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. I ka nui o lakou, he mau Byblos, Arwad, Turo, Ugarit, o Sidona, Lagish. Kokoke a pau o lakou, i hoopuniia e nunui paia, a ma ka kikowaena hapa o ka luakini, a me nā luna o ka hale. Ano o Phoenicians noho i loko o pupupu uuku i ka lepo a me nā pōhaku lepo. Ma na alanui a lakou i rehabilitated ka nōkahea lua.

Alphabetic ke kākau 'ana ma Poinike (13-15 kenekulia BC. E.) Oia ka i hele nui hope. Akā, i laila, i ka townspeople i manao ai ka nele o ka lewa. No ka mea, o keia, ka mea, ninini muaʻimi hoʻopunipuni makua, e holo ana i ka moku, kukulu iho la i ka nunui-yoa? Iiai hale. Loa pono a me Carthage i kūkulu - ka loa kaulana, a me ka nui panalaau ia, a i kauoha aku ai no ka manawa lōʻihi, e paʻi i Roma iho. i pena nā paia me elaborate lauana o geometric ke ano a me ribbons o kekahi mau waihoʻoluʻu. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ke alo o ka loa a me ka ala hele it. O ka hale 'ikamu mai ka Phoenicians poe i ka haʻahaʻa papa a me na noho, nui'ānoninoni, palahalaha moe.

poʻe kālepa huakaʻi i ke kai

Ke Hekikai o alphabetic ke kākau 'ana i loko o ka Phoenician poe kalepa aie i ka olelo kalepa a me ka honua. Akā, ka mea, ua i nā kānaka o ka hikina kapakai o ke Kaiwaenahonua? City explorers o na kai he nui loa kona waiwai, archaeologists loaʻa he wahi lihi iki o ka hoike ana i keia. Ke kumu o ka Phoenician waiwai ua kuai: aoao o Komohana Hema Asia, mai ke kūkulu'ākau, a ma ke kūkulu hema i hele pu ma keia wahi. Hua o ka honua ua māhunehune lawa no ka ai, akā, me ka wahie ua rife. Akā, i kēia mea i Ua loa mahalo i loko o ka wao nahele o Aigupita. Byblos lako i ka market laau kedera, a me ka lāʻauʻoka ka laaukaa, i mea hoʻomanoʻia ia i loko o shipbuilding. Mai ka waiwai laau ua hanaʻia pahu noʻAigupita ano hanohano, a me Paraʻo.

Kuai lilo aku la i ka waina, kaʻaila, a, o ka papa, i ka lole poni. Of mau laha 'o mollusks extracted kalameaʻai i nā pōpō ka hulu hipa a me ke olonā fabrics ma ka maikai e poni hue. wale loa waiwai kanaka kēia mau fabrics ke hoʻolimalima. Ke? Iecaianoaaiiie ua ai nunui i ole lawa Tuamotu hua fabrics. No ia mea, poʻe kālepa i lawe nike waiwai (unpainted) ma Poinike, a eia ka mea, ua ano e hoopakele mai ai i a me ka hoʻololi. No hoi i koi nā huahana o kūloko artisans o ke kala, i ke keleawe a me ka aniani. A alakai aku ia intermediary kalepa ma waena o ka hikina a me ke komohana.

Makamua palapala: wale nō o ka me Kinohi

No laila, alphabetic kākau ma Poinike. I ka mea iʻikeʻia, ua i ai mamua ae nei. Akā,ʻepekema 'aelike i ka kuhiakau i ua he nui kahiko Hawaiʻi, a ua malama ia me ke kumu no na Phoenicians. E kāhea aku iā ia i ke West-Semitic paha protosinayskim, akā, no laila, hiki, keia'ōnaehana i ole, ua deciphered.

Ka mua palapalaia maluna penei i ma ka Phoenician palapala'ōnaehana, i hana ia i kaʻumikumamākolu kenekulia BC, koke ma mua o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka Trojan Kaua. Inā manaʻo 'oe i ka noiʻi, nā kupa o Poinike i poʻomanaʻo mooolelo no kekahiʻano o sciences, a me ka mea i komo i loko o kālaiʻike, moʻokalaleo a me ka mōʻaukala. Eia naʻe, ka hapanui o ka lakou mau hana i ua lilo, a me ka ua ola wale excerptsʻuʻuku a me nā kaha puana'ī ma ka mooolelo o kahiko kākau.

Aia i kekahi manaʻo kōkua e alphabetic ke kākau 'ana ma Poinike (He kokekau wale ka lā o ka hoouka kaua) ua loko mai o ka Aigupita hieroglyphs. Ka mea, ke lawe mai i loko o Kanaana Iudaio ma hope o ko laua hoi ana mai o ka noho pio ana o ka aina o na Paraʻo. Paha ka mea, ua i kekahi hapa o ka heluna kanaka i ua ole he pio, a ua noho ma ka home. Nana i ike i?

kahua Hiʻona

I haiia ae maluna,, i keʻano o ka alphabetic kākau i loko o Poinike i ku pono i ka pono o ke kaiāulu. Ano, ke hai aku e pili ana i ka'ōnaehana a me kona hiʻona. Na Phoenicians hoʻohana i ka rula o ka leokanipū i ua palapala ma luna o ka pepa wale nō consonants. Vowels mea i palapalaia, a me ka manaʻo ma ka mea heluhelu, e waiho ana i ka pōʻaiapili. Palapala mai ka hema i ka akau.

Ma kona kūpono 'ana, ke kākau' ana o ka Phoenicians kahiko hala kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ekolu o? Acaeoey.

• Kumu a me Phoenician mau ae la ia mai ka inception o ka Hawaiʻi (lua o ka hapalua o ka lua o Ka Wā Kaukani BC) a hiki i ka naʻi aupuni o ka aina Aleksandrom Makedonskim.
• Puniysky manawa hoomaka mai ka manawa kumu Carthage (9 i loko o. BC. Oe) a me ka welau a me ka luku ma ka Roma.
• Novopuniysky, a mau ae la ia a hiki i ka lima o ka kenekulia AD.

Hawaiʻi ke kiʻekiʻe oʻalo ana mai o ka hoailona a hiki i ka epigraphic cursive. I ka Ia manawa i ka palapala kikoo, a hou, noho hope palapala.

E piʻi like o ka Phoenicians

Ke Hekikai o alphabetic kākau ma Poinike - ka mea, aole pau na e piʻi like o ka kūloko heluna. Ua manao maopopo mea i ka mea, i na luina, mai kēia moku'āina o ka mua ua hoʻokōʻia Africa. Laila ua lawe makahiki hou ma mua ekolu. First huakaʻi i hele mai ai i ke Kaiʻula, palekoki ka Black'āinapuniʻole, a hele aku la i Gibraltar. A ua hoopaa no ka mea, e piele lākou i waena o East a me West, waiho iho la na kumu o ka meaola oihana. A ia mea he nui loa no ka manawa.