Ke industrialization o aneea oneiaey: e piʻi like a me ka hoʻolako 'ole'

I ke kakahiaka nui 20-ies o ka hope kenekulia i loko o ka holoʻokoʻa USSR hana hoʻoponopono ulia i kona piko. Hoike o ka pilikia i alakaʻi ai i ka hoomaopopo ana o ka pono, e hōʻeleu i industrialization. Akā, ma Moscow, hoomaka ae mālama nui hoopaapaa e pili ana i nā kiʻina hana a me nāʻaoʻao o kona manaʻo.

manaÿo confrontation

Lunahoomalu o ka Aha Economic Council ua i ia manawa Dzerzhinsky. He manao ma ka wahi mua, e hoʻomaka ulu malamalama oihana puolo. Kēia e kōkua i ka loaa ana o kokololio makahiki, a hoʻopaʻa i ka peasantry consumer huahana. Deputy Dzerzhinsky Piatakov koi i ka hoʻonui o ka hooulu ana o ke kaumaha hana. Keia olelo ua kākoʻo 'ia e Preobrazhensky, Trotsky a me Stalin. O na dala no ka hana ana o hou mea kanu a me modernization o na manao e kiʻi ma ka reallocating ia lakou, mai ka waiwai kaiaulu - ma ka auhau ana o ka peasantry, collectivization a me ka hoonohonoho hou kaiʻewaʻewa. I ka 1926, o ka aina kauoha aku alai ae no ka hoʻonui o ka industrialization. Naʻe, i loko o kēia ala koke kuhikuhi i ka pilikia.

Aneea oneiaey i loko o ke au o ka industrialization

E like me na mea kuka o ke kikowaena aupuni, kēia wahi i manao ia e kekahi o na ki mau mea o ka hōʻeleu i oicyenoaaiiie kulekele. 'Imi hahai i ka manao o Moscow F. Goloshchekin. He koi no ka ho okumu ana o ka repubalika o ka hoʻouku hana a me ka hoino aku amo, hoakaka i ka mea hoʻolilo o ka maka mea. говоря, была направлена на создание материальной базы для передовых промышленных районов СССР. Ke industrialization o aneea oneiaey, ma ka pōkole, i nona e pili ana i ka mea kumu no ka holomua hanalima wahi o ka USSR. Kekahi i nā luna aupuni alakai e Sadvakasova kū'ē ia ke kulekele. . Ka mea, i kaumaha aku ai i ka papa o ka industrialization o aneea oneiaey. Lākou manaʻo i ka hana i kekahi hana manufacturing a me ka malamalama hana. Kēia E e ia i loko o ka mooolelo o ka pono o ka repubalika. Local Aupuni ho'āʻo i ka mea, ke'ōlelo pale i ka hou 'ana o ka māhele' āina i loko o ka panalaau ia. Akā, na paʻewa noho ana ma kaʻaoʻao o Goloshekin. приобрело неоколониальную форму. Ka hooulu ana o ka industrialization ma aneea oneiaey ua lilo i Neo-koloniala palapala.

alanui? ieoaeunoai

началось с транспортной инфраструктуры. Manaʻo o ke industrialization ma aneea oneiaey hoʻomaka 'ia me ka amo aeuiiai ieaia?. Ka mea, ua i ka hana o ka Turkestan-Siberian alahao / D ka mua nui papahana. Ua i pili i Alama-Ata a me Semipalatinsk. ? Ieoaeunoai Ua pau i ka 1931. I ka makahiki 1927, pau alanui no? Ieoaeunoaa Petropavlovsk - Kokchetau. I ka 1931 ka mea i hoopomaikai io ia Aeiieeineie. I ka 1939 ka mea i kukulu alanui Rubtsovsk - Ridder, Ileck - Ku una, Aqmola - Karaganda, a ma ka 1940 - Karaganda - Jezkazgan. Mau alanui i ka mea hoʻolilo o ka maka mea, mai ka'āina.

Companies

Together me na alanui i kūkuluʻia a? Aeiino? Hanalima hale. No laila, hoihoi Karsakpay Ridder a me ka mea kanu. Ka hana i hanaʻia i loko o ka Karaganda lanahu mines. Hoomakaʻeleu? Ieoaeunoai o ka Chimkent kēpau mea kanu no ka aaioee, Zhezkazgan a me Balkhash smelter, Ust-Kamenogorsk kēpau-kiniki mea kanu. осложнялся нагнетанием темпов и неоправданным завышением планов. I ka papa o ka industrialization ma aneea oneiaey i huikau ma ka ka pahu kui o ka holo mālie a me ka manaʻo manao. I ka 1929, na Aupuni hoʻoholo ihola e hooponopono hou i ka elima-makahiki papahana iluna kī nā hoailona. He kūpono i ka pilikia me ka lako a pan a me ka Manpower ma lalo o? Ieoaeunoai. Kekahi pilikia me ka maka mea. Ka 'ia paha o nā hale i ua paʻahau. I loko nō o ka mea i ka poʻe hana mai i kekahi? Iecaianoaaiiie ka leo, piha nona iho, ka mea hiki ole nāʻai. длилась в целом до начала Второй мировой. Industrialization ma aneea oneiaey mau ae la ia i ka pau mua o ka Apana World War.

Polenekia pilikino E pili

возник дефицит в рабочей силе. I ka makahiki o ka industrialization ma aneea oneiaey ua he shortage o Manpower. It ke kumu no ka kokololio iki mai o hanalima no? Ieoaeunoaa. E i poe hana a me iauaeoia ana hoola ana ma nooaai? I nā kanaka mana ke kuʻuna e puhi ia ana o kanaka ma ka komohana wahi o ka USSR. Ma kēia mau mea, i ka nele ana, ua loa kiʻekiʻe. No ka mea 1931-1940 biennium. ka repubalika 550 tausani oi ma mua o. kanaka i kaʻi aku. A nui ka helu o ka poe hana i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO haʻahaʻa-mākaukau, he kauwa, mai na kauhale a me na kauhale e devastated ma collectivization.

pilikia

E like me ka hopena o ka poʻe Polenekia kulekele i ka hana i haule ikaika,ʻaʻole wale nō hana, akā, i ka hoʻopaʻi. Ma waena o mākaukau poe hana a me ka akamai o ka poʻeʻEulopa, na kamaaina pinepine i kāna hana e lawelawe. I hana Lanakila ka ona, carelessness. A pau i kēia nui hampers i ka hana. No ka laʻana, i ka hana o Turksib hooilo o 1928, aia ua kekahi pogrom ma Sergipole. Ma Karsakpay mea kanu i palahalaha ae ka ona ana, hooliganism, he mea pinepine lāhui clashes. Ma Ridder kanu i ole ae Kazakhs i loko o kekahi hokele kaʻahele me Lūkini, uku emi kūloko ma mua o nā malihini a me ka ia palapala hōʻoia. Aia he mau pilikia me ka loaa ana mālama '. High huli ana ua ma ka hana.

kūikawā nā meaʻeʻe moku

Ka mea, ua mālama aku i ke kumu o ka replenishment o ka pōʻaiawaiwai. Special noho - hookuke aku kauwa, kanaka o Siberia a me Central wahi o ka aina. I ka 1931, ua hoʻoneʻe ma kahi o 70 tausani. Man ma Karaganda. Ka mea, Ua hoʻonohoʻia i loko o 25 mau kauhale nona aku ana, he mea weliweli loa ia. Special noho i papaia e hele ma waho o ka wahi o ka noho. Lakou hana i loko o ka mines, ma ka hana ana o na Barracks, ke alahao. O ka poe i hana, loaa 600 nā huna kauwa - 300 nā huna o ka berena i ka lā. Mai ka hohola maʻi a me ka wi, he nui kūikawā noho i make. Ka mea, Ua UAIAaIN e hou kanaka i lawe mai ai. I mau, aneea oneiaey hoouna ma kahi o 189 tausani. Mua kulaks. 150.000 o ia i lawe mai i ka 1931. ka huina helu o ka kūikawā noho i ka 1937 a hiki i 360 tausani.

hoʻomoana'ōnaehana

Ua Ua hanaia ma ka mea e hōʻike i nui hana nike mana. I ka 1931, ka hoʻomoana Karaganda i hana. , Ua kakauia iloko o ka repression o nā wahi o ka Union. Iloko o ka 30-40-ies o kekahi mau ia mau wahi hoomoana, i hanaia i loko o ka repubalika. Aneea oneiaey, penei, ua lilo he nui-unahiʻole, i wahi o ke pio.

emi ka waiwai o ke kālā

проводилась за счет ухудшения качества жизни населения, в частности, крестьянства. Ke industrialization o aneea oneiaey i paa ma ka lilo ana o ka pono o ke ola, pakahi aku la ia i ka peasantry. I na makahiki elima, mai ka 1929 a hiki i 1934, ua he uku kiʻekiʻe o ka emi ka waiwai o ke kālā. kala lako ulu i 180%, a me ka waiwai e lilo aku ana o ua hanaʻia ka waiwai kū aʻela ma 250-300%. Ka 'ia paha o nā kumu i loko o ka manao elima-makahiki e pili ana i, i ka nui, ka malamalama hana, a i ole, ua hoʻokō.

maikaʻi i nā hualoaʻa

, эксперты отмечают существенный рост объема промышленного производства, увеличение доли его продукции в хозяйстве. Ma o nā 'ano o ka industrialization ma aneea oneiaey, loea, e hoailona oukou i ka nui mahuahua i loko o ka buke o ka hanalima-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, mahuahua ka puu o kona? Iecaianoaaiiuo ma ka aina. By AK ike. Ashinbaeva, i ka mua elima-makahiki kumumanao o ka 40 nui hana, ma ka lua i ee aku i loko o ke aupuni - 120, a me ke kolu he 700 nui-unahiʻole, i kūkuluʻia hoomaka Aktobe Nine Inch a me Balkhash keleawe ulaula smelter, alakai mea kanu ma. Ouieaioa e ii, Karaganda lanahu pa holoi, etc. ke kī ua. Turkestan-Siberian alahao. Eia hou, i ka hana o ka mana mea kanu a me ka nui.

extractive hana

Ma keia kaiaulu kekahi i hōʻeleu i industrialization. в первые довоенные пятилетки акцент ставился на добыче природных ресурсов для удовлетворения народного хозяйства всего Союза в продукции нефтяной, угольной, пищевой и легкой промышленности, цветной металлургии. Ma aneea oneiaey i loko o ka mua mālama '-kauaʻelima-makahiki kuka, kākauʻana i kauʻia ma luna o ka pōʻalo o kumu waiwai, e hālāwai me ka hoʻokele waiwai' ana o ka holoʻokoʻa Union? Iecaianoaaiiuo i loko o ka aila, lanahu, ka ai a me ka malamalama hana, nonferrous metallurgy. I ka 1939, ka puu o ka Lepupalika i loko o ka huina kala o ke kai a me ke keleawe i loko o ka aina ua like ia 84,8%, a 16,2%, niioaaonoaaiii. I ka 1940, aneea oneiaey ua ma lua wahi i loko o ka Union no ole-ferrous metallurgy, a me ke kolu - no ka aila a me ka lanahu. Ke kaʻana like 'ana o ka hana i loko o loa ia auoiaea ua 63,7% kū'ē 13.5% mua o ka mua Five Year Plan.

collectivization

I nā makahiki 1928-1930, ua hoomakaukau hou i loko o ka hoʻomalu mahele o ka USSR. I wahi o ka'āina, a me nā townships counties i hele mai i ka wahi a me ka māhele 'āina. Lakou, ma ka huli, māheleʻia i loko o apana. Mau huahelu, he liʻiliʻi counties, akā loa counties wahi. сопровождалась коллективизацией. Ma ka mea mua elima-makahiki industrialization ma aneea oneiaey pu collectivization. I waena o kona luna i loko o ka'āina, he nui 550 tausani aina i ka nomadic a me ka kalaka nui-nomadic type. Collectivisation hele ma ka laina ho okumu like moku'āina aina, haying mīkini-wahi (MSS). Mamua o ke kaua, he nui 'ē aʻe. E like me kekahi hapa o ka like aina, he 99% o nā aina. Eia hou kekahi, 4 o ka aina i ua hana a me 331 MCC.

hewa

Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka collectivization i ke komo hewa. Ma ka wahi mua, e like me ka pono i industrialization, oia ua hele koke i loko o ka manawa pōkole wale nō. Ma Pepeluali 1930, no ka manawa he nui, ka mea like aina i oi aku mamua o 70%, a ma kekahi wahi - mai i ka 80% o nā mākua. Eia hou, i ka hana "lele" mai kekahi palapala o ka ha awina i kekahi me ka pili ana elue, e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka specificity o ka mahiʻai kaiaulu o ka aina. Like nui i ka puʻe wale akula kēlā socialization a me ka holoholona. Ua kailiia'ku hoi ka poe ilihune nā holoholona. Keia, kena ae la eha ma ka naau i waena o ka peasantry. People hoomaka ae la e kuai aku i ka waiwai, holoholona, a neʻe maila i kokoke wahi - nā'āina o Central Asia, ma ka palena o ka waena, a malalo Volga, Western Siberia, Bashkiria, a ma kekahi hihia, a ma nā'āina - Mongolia, China a me na mea e ae.

hualoaʻa

Ke industrialization o aneea oneiaey ua kena ae la 'inoʻino loa i ka mahiai. Akä naÿe i ka unification o 80% o ka hale i loko o ka like aina i loko o 1930 (i loko o ka wai) o ia i koe ma kahi o 10-15%. No ka palena o ka repubalika ua haʻalele oi ma mua o 180 tausani. Farms. Kēia me ka nui loa ke olonā wāwae o ka hoʻokele waiwai o aneea oneiaey, kena ae weliweli pōʻino i ka holoholona. A laila, ua laweʻia ana, e hoʻopau i ka hopena o na excesses hana. Naʻe, ka mea, he mea hiki ole i ka hoihoi i ka nalowale heluna i loko o ka mālama '-kauaʻelima-makahiki papahana. A ki hakaka o ka pau kaʻina ua ke kaiapili-yeiiiie? Aneiai backwardness. Ma ia mau ana, i na kanaka o ka Lepupalika e e i kokololio I ka ulele mai feudalism e socialism me ka hele ana i ka capitalist ke kahua. Ke kahua Ua ano hoomainoino ia e ka mea i ka loaa ana o oicyenoaaiiie eiiieaena ma hope o ka haole, 'uao a me ka Kanawai War hoolohi nui. I ka 1926, i ka hana i loko o ke aupuni ua hiki wale 61% o ka 1913 iliwai, ma ka / s - 82,9%. Ka mea, ua nui loa haʻahaʻa, mālama '-hoʻokahuli aupuniʻilikai. Ke alakai wahi i loko o ka hana i haawiia mai i ka poe liilii,-unahiʻole, i? Iecaianoaaiiie, i producesʻano nui consumer waiwai a wale mai nā 'uuku hana hana i loko o ka aaioee o ka holoholona maka mea a me nā huahana o ka mahiai.