Ke kaua o 1812. Tarutinskyʻoihana kaʻa (pōkole)

I kaua loaʻa nō i huikau ka hanana. Na mea a pau e hana i kona hopena nui. Akā, loaʻa nā hanana i a loa hoololi ae i ka papa o ka mōʻaukala. Tarutinskyʻoihana kaʻa o ka poe kaua Lūkini i loko o ka 1812 kaua - o kekahi o ia mau Episode. He ua i ka lua o ka popoiwi wahi, ma hope o ke kaua ana o Borodino, a hoʻoikaika i ka poe kaua o Napoleon au e emi hope mai i ka pahu hopu.

War o 1812

Rusia no a pau kona tausani-makahiki mōʻaukala, aohe manawa, e hoomalu ia lakou iho i na enemi o ka poe makemake i ka hookauwa ia. Ka hoʻomaka o ka XIX kenekulia ua i koe. Ke PalaniʻOiʻenehana, a laila, e hele mai ana i ka mana i loko o ke aupuni ma ka Hoikehonua, nāna i haʻi mai iā ia iho Auguseto, kaili pili aloha ma waena o nā nā hookahi-aloha'āina. Lūkini Aupuni ma ke kanaka o Alexander au i makau i ka hopena o ka i mai ai iloko o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana ma ke kahua ma ka Russian aupuni a pau. Akā, eia ka mea hope na hoahanau i hao iaʻano pākīkē kulekele, a Napoleon aʻu i hoomaka ai e pana aku au i ku eʻEulopa'āina, pakahi aku la ia Pelekane, a i ka lōʻihi-ku Ally Rusia.

Ma ka hopena, ua alakai France ka hana ana i ke kaua me Rusia, i mea ma Lūkini historiography i kapaia ke kaua o 1812 makahiki.

Nā kumu o ka puali kaua

I ka 1812, i ka pau ana o 'Eulopa, a me ke koe o ka wa kahiko enemi France - Enelani i ai e ka poe koa o Napoleon. O ke koena o ko ke ao nei mana, wale ka Russian aupuni a hoomau iho la oia e alualu i kuokoa kuwaho i i ole hoopii i ka Palani Auguseto. Eia hou kekahi, Rusia i maoli aʻe i ka Hawaiian blockade, a i puʻe wale akula kēlā, eʻae aku i Enelani me ka nui ana o Tilsit aelike ma waena o ka Russian aupuni a pau, a me Palani. Ke blockade Ua ma o na la 'inoʻino loa i ka hoʻokele waiwai, no ke aha la Rusia i ka oihana meʻEnelani ma'ākilikai nā'āina. Naʻe, ka mea, ua i formally hehi i nā hua'ōlelo o ka Hawaiian blockade. Farani i outraged, akā, ke keakea hiki i ka hoike.

Rusia no kona kuokoa kuwaho Hāʻule maila lākou Napoleonʻike ihola i ka moe o ka honua domination. E hoʻomaka ana me kona kaua, i? Oaony i loko o ke kaua mua, e haawi i ka palaoa lāʻau o ka Lūkini koa, a laila, e dictate i nā hua'ōlelo o ka maluhia a hiki i Alexander I.

Ke koena o nā koa

Russian kaua helu mai ka 480 a hiki i 500 tausani kanaka, a me Palani - 600 tausani. Keia huina, e like me ka hapanui moʻolelo, ua i hiki ke kiola aku la i ka hana ana o hostilities na aupuni elua. Ma ua noho pilikia ana nei, ka ike ana Napoleon manao no ka hoʻopauʻana i kekahi mapuna me kaʻenemi, ke alakaʻi o ke kaua Lūkini i loko o nā alanui, ka mea i hoʻoholo e hilahila aku, mai kekahi kuleana kaua me kaʻenemi. Ia nā kaʻa mokulele i aponoia a me Alexander I.

Ke kaua o Borodino

Ma hope o ka'āpono kumumanao mea,ʻaʻole e komo i loko o ka kukulu iho la i kaua ai me kaʻenemi, ma hope o ka kaua i loko o June 1812 Napoleon ka poʻe hao wale Lūkini koa, hoomaka ae la he kali lakou hee hope ana, ho'āʻo ana e hoʻohui i kekahi i kekahi. Ua e hoʻokele i ka hana ma Smolensk, kahi Napoleon hookahi manawa hou ho'āʻo e haawi aku i kekahi kuleana kaua. Akā, i ka Luna Nui o ka Lūkini Army Barclay de Ka Tolly makemake ole ae ia, a aku la ia mai ke kulanakauhale.

Kukulu iho la i ke kaua i hooholoia, e haawi aku i ke kulana i ka waeia alakaʻi o ka poe koa ia ia iho. Ma ka manawa ana i noho luna ana o Mikhail Kutuzov. Ke bout Ua hooholoia, e haawi aku i ka kokoke Mozhaisk, ma ke kula kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Borodino. Here a ua kekahi o 'ano'ē loli i loko o ka papa o ke kaua. Mahope a hiki i keia hope Tarutinoʻoihana kaʻa loa hoʻololi 'ana i kona moʻolelo.

'Oiai, i ke kaua i lanakila, a me na aoao elua i koe i loko o ko lakou wahi, oia hanaia mai i ka brutal lilo o ka Farani kaua, a laila, imi Kutuzov.

Council ma Fili a me ka haawi Moscow

Ma hope iho o ke kaua o Borodino ka Lūkini poʻe hao wale aku la lakou ia Mozhaysk. Eia, ma ke kauhale o Fili, Kutuzov paa i kuka no ke kaua, a pono e i ka hopena o ka Lūkini kapikala i ua Wehewehe i nā hāʻina. Ke uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o ilamuku ua no e haawi aku i kekahi kaua ma Moscow. Akā, kekahi o nā pūkaua ma ka Ewa nānā wā e hiki mai kaua kulana, ikaika i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka malama ana i ke kaua ma ka lilo ana o ana i kaʻenemi o Moscow. Kutuzov kauoha, e haʻalele i ke kulanakauhale alii.

Tarutinsky hele-ʻoihana kaʻa: i ka lā, a me ka nui nā mea hana keaka

E maopopo i ka ka manaʻo pohihihi a me ka pōʻino o ke kulana, ia mea pono e maopopo i nā kēia: loa ma mua ma hope o ka haule ana o ka poe koa, i ole e hoʻomau i ke kaua i ke kulanakauhale alii. Napoleon ma mua o ka hopena i i manaoio i ka poho o Moscow, aole ia e puʻe ke negotiate Alexander I. Akā, Rusia huli i ka enemi kapikala i mea e lilo aku, i ka make ana o ka poe koa e hana i ka make hope loa.

Napoleon, mai ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka Lūkini kai eʻe ua nui keʻauhau iā lākou i ka oihana koa enemi kuleana kaua. Luna o ka Lūkini koa i kona pono, e loaʻa ia, a me nā koa, he kaiʻewaʻewa.

Withdrawing i ke kaua, mai Moscow, September 14 (New Style), Field Ilamuku i hoouna ia ma ka Ryazan alanui, mua i ke kauhale o Red Pakhra, a ma hope wae i ka wahi o ka poe koa kauhale Tarutino. Where Lūkini poʻe hao wale, he naʻe pōkole, akā, e pono i ke koena. Ka poʻe ma laila i ka lako hou i ka ai a hiki i ka poe koa a me nāʻaʻa.

Kutuzov ingenious kuka

He aha ua Kutuzov ka manao keia? Tarutinoʻoihana kaʻa, nona ka hoʻomaka 'lā - 17 September, a me ka hopena - October 3, ua e hookahuli ai i Napoleon, a haawi aku i ka Lūkini kaua manawa e hoomaha aku. Mākou i ka hūnā i ko lakou wahi, mai o ka enemi. Ma ka manaʻo o kēia papahana kōkua mai i ka Lūkini hope kiai, a me ka Cossacks. Tarutinoʻoihana kaʻa hiki e ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo like penei.

14 September, ma ke ahiahi, ka wā Napoleon ka poe koa i ua komo Moscow, i ka hope o ka poʻe hao wale Lūkini ma lalo o ke kauoha o General Miloradovich ia e haʻalele. Ma ia mau ana, i ka vanguard o ka Palani lio alualu e Lūkini poʻe kaua a pau, e huna iho i ko ka neʻe 'ana.

Kutuzov alakaʻi i ka poʻe kaua ma luna o ka Ryazan alanui, akā, laila, kauoha aku e huli ma ka mea kahiko Kaluga. Eia a hemo aku i kekahi kumumanao e hūnā i ka Lūkini koa o Napoleon - kaulana Kutuzov Tarutinoʻoihana kaʻa. I ka hele ana o ka hou alanui, a me ka i kela kapa o ka Moscow River uhi i ka hope o ka lio ma lalo o ke kauoha o ka pūkaua Vasilchikova, Rajewski a me Miloradovich. No ka holo i ka Lūkini kaua ma muli o ka Palani avant-garde. Lūkini hao wale haʻalele mau kolamu.

Hope e holo i ka poe koa e hōʻeleu i ke hele nei, a wāwahi aku, mai ka Palani. I ka hala ana o ka hope i ka hale Rajewski puhi a pau na alahaka e holo. No laila, September 17 Ua ana ee Tarutinskyʻoihana kaʻa o ka Lūkini kaua.

hana uhi

E uhai aku mai ke alualu ana o ka Palani avant-garde ua i lawa. Napoleon koke ma hope o kona hiki ana ma Moscow hoouna mai ma ka huli ana i kona maikai loa Russian Army Ilamuku Murat. Russian rearguard Rajewski a me Miloradovich a me Cossack huahelu hanaʻike pono poe koa e pee ai, a hiki i Ryazan, kuleana hūnā 'Napoleon. Ka mea, pomaikai ae la lakou i kekahi mau maikai lā i Kutuzov disorient i ka Palani ma ka wahi o ka Lūkini kaua. I loko o keia manawa, ua ana i ke kauhale o Tarutino, a kū ma laila no ka anainoe hawaii. No laila, ka mea i brilliantly ike Kutuzov kumumanao.

Kōkua uhi i ka hee ana o ka poe koa, a me ko na kauwa o ka puni kauhale. Ka mea, hoʻonohonoho guerrilla pūʻulu a me ka pu a me ka Cossacks hooukaia mai ka Palani vanguard, hoopai nui pōʻino.

Tarutino kaua

Aneane elua pule, Napoleon i i ike i nā kānaka i kahi o ka Lūkini kaua, a ka mea i hōʻike aku i ka wahi o ke kino o Murat. Ua hoʻohana 'ia kēia manawa i ka i kā mākou lanakila. Koa i loaa i ka lōʻihi-kakali Kauai, ai lako i hoʻonohonoho, hiki hou replenishment. Tula loaa ia kaua hou, a me ke koena o ka aina ma ke kauoha o ka he Alihikaua Nui la hana hoolako i ka hooilo,ʻaʻahu aliʻi no ka poʻe kaua.

I ka Ia manawa ka poe koa Kutuzov uhi alanui i loko o ka waiwai hema nā'āina a me ka Tula, a me kona koa hana. Aia ma ka hope o ka Farani koa, Kutuzov i e pili ana i ka hoʻoweliweli 'nui.

Napoleon ka poʻe kaua ua ma Moscow ma keia e hei ai lakou. Ke alanui i ka waiwai hema'āina uhi ikaika, ka Lūkini kaua, a me ke poʻo ua maoli hoopuniia kīpoʻohiwi poe o Cossacks a me kauwa.

September 24th Murat loaʻa i ka wahi o ka Lūkini kaua, a ku iho la i kahi loihi, mai kona poe kaua no ka kilo ma Chernishne muliwai. I ka helu ana o kona poe koa, i kahi o 27.000 kanaka.

I kakahiaka October, Napoleon ho'āʻo e komo i loko o ke kūkā 'ana me Kutuzov, akā, ua hoole ia. Ua Ua hooholoia, e hoouka aku i ka pae ana o Murat, no ka mea, e like me na hoike o na guerrillas, ka mea, uaʻaʻohe kilo. October 18 o Palani kahi e hoʻomoana ai i koke hooukaia mai e Lūkini poʻe kaua. Loa Murat koa nele e eo ai, oia e hoʻokele i ka hoʻolālā i ka hee. Akā, Tarutino kaua hōʻike i ka Lūkini kaua ua lilo ka ikaika a me ka manawa ho i ka hoʻoweliweli 'nui i ka enemi.

Meaning Tarutino hele

Tarutinoʻoihana kaʻa i ka 1812, brilliantly hapai ae la a brilliantly ike Kutuzov ka hoʻohana 'ana i kona mau pūkaua nui a me na ilamuku, uaʻano nui e hoʻolilo i ka poʻe komohewa. Me ka kauoha aku e uhai aku, mai o ka enemi, a eo kekahi mau pule, Lūkini lākou poʻe kaua i nele i koena, i ka hoonohoia'na o ka lako o ka mea kaua, a me nā lakoʻaʻahu aliʻi. No hoi, o ka poe koa i ka hou hookoe, ua like no ka oi ma mua o 100 tausani kanaka.

Maikaʻi henua i koho Lūkini eaaa? 'Aʻole' ae e hele ma ke kūpono 'ana i Napoleon, a hoʻoikaika e haʻalele i ka Palani kaua ma ke kahiko Smolensk ala i alakai ma ka mokuna loa looted.