Ho okumu, 'epekema
Ke softest metala i loko o ke ao nei
Ke hooheheeia -ʻano o nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia e ke kanaka, mai ka manawa kahiko o ka'āina. Kēia pūʻulu o nā waiwai, ua nui loa ka lehulehu o lakou, akā, kaʻana like lakou a pau, he pono ole physical ano i ka poe i kaheaia mea hao waiwai.
waiwai o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia
Hao, a me kona oka a (kila, e hoolei hao), keleawe, Aluminum, ... E ho ohana i kēia mau mea ia jerks scientific holo nei ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o? Acaeoey o ka noho maikai ana. Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau mea hiki ke hooheheeia he ano e haawi ia i ka hanana mea hiki cia. Common hiʻona no ia mea kiʻekiʻe thermal a me ka uila conductivity, plasticity - akamai, e malama i ano hoopono ma luna o deformation, mea hao alohilohi.
Damask huhuiʻoki i ka hao kapa kila, a me ka hapanui pahee metala ma luna a ma laila nō ko läkou 'o ka mea iki hopena, i like na hale. Ma kona kumu - mea pōakaʻolu, ma a na aka wahi - nā'ātoma me ka maikaʻi kauoha, a'ākilikai, ma waena o a ka "lolouila kinoea" - (particles) haʻalele i ka pā leho o nā'ātoma no ka mea, o ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō i aie i ka Kora naʻEsau. Special mea hao hoopaa ma waena o ka maikaʻi Ion aia i loko o ke aniani puka olu oia, ua lawe mai ma na kaua o ka umekaumaha, kūpono ana ma ka "huina'ine kinoea". Paakiki, nuʻa, metala heheʻe ana wela hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka lehulehu o ka "kinoea".
Nā ana hoʻohālike no ka loiloi '
Ka pane ana i ka ninau e pili ana i ka 'ano o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ka loa palupalu, aole e mau ia i kekahi kumuhana o ke kūkākūkā, inā eʻae ma luna o nā ana hoʻohālike i ka auhau a me ka hoakaka i ka manaʻo o ke ahonui kai hoʻonui wale. Manaʻo Kōkua e pili ana i keia characterization o ka mea e e kekahi mau hoʻomalu i loko o kekahi hana. Metallurgist hiki e maopopo like me ka palupalu nui ductility kamaʻilioʻana, e ike i ka deformation o ka abrasive mea, a no laila, ma luna o. D.
No ka mea Ponoʻepekema e e hiki ke objectively hoohalike i ke ano o kekahi mea. Palupalu pono no hoi i, he pono ole loiloi 'ana hoʻohālike. Ke softest metala i loko o ke ao nei e ua 'ike nā hoailona ka hooiaio ana i kona "palapala" hana. Aia nō kekahi mau 'ana i kūpono a manao oia, e ana i ka palupalu o kekahi mau mea.
ki ina hana like o ke ana
Most hooiaioia paakiki ana kāu kiʻina hana i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ke ana me ka miomio mea paahana papa ole ma ka hoao ana i nā puke mai ka paa kino, i kapaʻia ka indenter. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka indenter, a ma luna o nā kiʻina hana o ana i kekahi mau kumu ano:
- Brinell hana. Ka manao o lakou indentation anawaena metala poepoe koe ka indentation i loko o ka ili o ka hoʻokolohua waiwai.
- Rockwell. Ana indentation hohonu o ka daimana ili o ka poepoe aʻohana.
- Vickers. Hooponoponoia ia mea, Print wahi, e haʻalele i ke daimana eha-kapakahi pyramid.
- Shore paakiki. Ua i kona mea kaupaona iho no ka loa a me ka paakiki loa pahee mea - ana hohonu o ke kaiapuni he kūikawā kuikele a me ke kiekie o ka rebound, mai ka ili o ka kūikawā kui.
Mohs pālākiō o ka paakiki
Kēia ka unahiʻole, no ka hoomaopopo ana i ka pili paakiki o nā minelala hao a me ke hooheheeia i ua manaoia ma ka hoʻomaka o ka XIX kenekulia Kelemānia Fridrihom Moosom. Ua Ua nānā i ke ano o scratching ka wā i paa hāpana koe i ka hoailona ma ka softer, a me ka mea nui kūpono e loaʻa mai - ka'ōlinolino o ka softest. I pili i ka olua 10 nā minelala hao, a i ua ia i ka conditional ana o ka paakiki, ua paa ka manao o ka hoao ana waiwai ma luna o ka unahiʻole, i, a me ka laulā 'inideka. Pili softest mea pōhaku - talc. Ua loaʻa he Mohs paakiki - 1, a me ka loa paa, ke daimana - 10.
Ka loiloi o ka paakiki ma ka Mohs me ka unahiʻole ia lŘlŘ ma luna o ka "softer -. O ka paʻakikī i" Hooholo pono ana i na manawa he nui, e laʻa me, Aluminum me he Mohs inideka 2,75, softer tungsten (6.0) ka wale i ka huahelu hualoaʻa i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o nā ki ina hana like. Akā, e hooholo i ka softest metala i loko o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papa o ka papaʻaina He nui iho la ia.
Most pahee - mekala 'åkilikai ke hooheheeia
Mai ka mineralogical Mohs unahiʻole, i mea hōʻike i ka softest i na waiwai a pau a hiki i ka mekala 'åkilikai ke hooheheeia. Oia hoi, o Hereme, maʻa i na mea he nui i loko o ka wai o ke ana wela, i ka paakiki waiwai o 1.5. Softer kona mau waiwai me like physico-Nine Inch, a me mechanical waiwai: likiuma (0.6 Mohs 'pālākiō), paʻakai (0.5), potasiuma (0.4), rubidium (0.3). Most pahee metala - ka cesium, me ka paakiki ma ka Mohs unahiʻole, i 'inideka 0.2.
Helu, a Nine Inch waiwai o ka mekala 'åkilikai ke hooheheeia i ho'ākāka' ia ma kā lākou mau huina'ine hoʻonohonohoʻia. He wale iki okoa, mai ka 'ole o inert kinoea. Electrons ke aupuni 'i loko o ka pā ikehu pae i ka ka hoʻoneʻe, a hoʻoholo i ke kiʻekiʻe Nine Inch ha awina. Ke softest ke hooheheeia wehewehe aku ma ka hana volatility, ka mea, ua hiki ole i ka paka, a malama i ua hoʻololiʻia. Ka mea, i wehewehe aku e hao wale mai Nine Inch naoh me ka lewa, ka wai, ka oxygen.
Hehee ai 55 №
Ka inoa "cs" hele mai ana, mai ka Roma caesius - "lani-uliuli" i loko o ka pae kinoea ma ka loa wela waiwai i loko o ka welaʻula hōʻike mau olinolino uliuli kaula. Ma kona maemae palapala ia mea he manaʻo maikaʻi o ka malamalama, e like me ka ao alohilohi i ke gula, a me ka kala - melemele. Cesium - ka pahee metala i loko o ke ao nei, paakiki o Brinell Index - 0,15 HI / m2 (0,015 kgf / knm 2). Heheʻe wahi: + 28,5 ° C, no laila, ma lalo o maʻamau olelo i mehana no ka cesium mea i loko o ka semiliquid moku'āina.
He pohihihi keia, pipiʻi, a hoomaikai kū'ē metala. Ma uilaʻoe, cesium kiʻekiʻeʻenehana uila 'enekinia, a me ka Nine Inch na hana a me kona oka a pau i loaa ia e māhuahua hoʻohana a koi no ka mea, ua māhuahua noke. Ua koi mai kona Nine Inch haʻawina, akamai, e hana i ka hui ana me ka mea kiekie loa conductivity. Cesium - nui i ke keʻena o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kūikawā'ōnohi mau mea, ae hoʻomālamalama me kū hoʻokahi waiwai a me nā kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana huahana. Ma keia hihia, no ka palupalu - ia mea i ka loa i imi-ma hope o kona mea e like.
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