Kiʻi o Lūkini nō. Kiʻi i loko o ka pilikia makapō kilokilo

Ma keia 'atikala mākou e nānā i kekahi kiʻi o Lūkini nō. Ka waiwai o keia ano moʻokalaleo Ke mea i ka artist e ho'āʻo ana e lawe i ke kōkua o nā pono hana i hana i ka maoli-ke ola kanaka. I ua, a me ka akamai, ua hiki hālāwai ma ke kiʻi me ka kekahi'āina.

Eia hou, na Artists e ho'āʻo ana e ole wale kolo `na trappings, akā, no hoi, e hoolilo aku i ka pā moku'āina o kekahi kanaka i poses.

E heluhelu ia a me 'oe e loaʻa milestones i loko o ka ulu ana o ka Lūkini kiʻi mai ka Middle Ages i kēia manawa.

Kiʻi 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke i loko o ke akamai

Kiʻi i loko o ka pilikia makapō kilokilo e like me mākou i ike ia i keia la, ku mai nei. Wale nō i loko o ka waena o ka makahiki kenekulia, he mea kākau moʻolelo ma ka pā hale o ke Palani ke alii Louis XIV, Andre Félibien, i kohoia, e kapa aku i kēia'ōlelo i nā kiʻi wale ana o kanaka.

A hiki i ka manawa, i hoakakaia keia manawa e like me nā mea a pau kiʻi, ina he holoholona, nō hoʻi a me ka mea pōhaku. Ma ka Middle Ages i na holoholona i kekahi wahi o ka okoa e pili ana ma mua o ka mea, i kēia manawa. Ka mea, ke kēnā e, ke alahouana, a me ka hookolokoloia e like me ka loio i kūmau.

Ma hope Felibenom Arthur Schopenhauer hōʻike i ka manaʻo i ka holoholona e kū hoʻokahi i ka nōhie hiʻona, ka mea e mai i na kanaka,. I kēia lā, i nā kiʻi mai i loaʻa i ka ikona, no ka mea, i ole i kākau i ka mua.

Penei, i ke kiʻi i loko o ke akamai a me ka moʻokalaleo ikea loa aku nei, akā, i loko o ka wa kahiko ma lalo ona maopopo i kekahi "hana nani a pau."

Ka hooulu ana o kēia 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke ua paa ia i na mea elua - hoʻoikaika' ana i ka palapala 'ana i kūpono (haku mele' ana,'anatomia, etc.), e like me ka pono me ka loli ma ka pokole o ka ke kanaka i ka wahi i loko o ke ao nei. Ke flowering nui o nā kiʻi e kau mai maluna o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia, ka wā Western Europe i Kīwala'ō ma lalo o nā manaʻo o ka individuality a me kō o ka maikaʻi i loko o kino.

koke au

Pakiko-kiʻi i loko o ke akamai o Russian hānau wale ma ka palena o ka makahiki a me kaʻumikumamāwalu kenekulia. Ma mua, he mau kiʻi i loko o medieval kaila, kanaka mae kahi i loko o ke kāʻei kua.

Ke kumu o ke kakahiaka nui wā o Lūkini nō i icons. Oia huahana ola mai a hiki i ka la umikumamahiku kenekulia.

Akā, hoomaka hou ma ka hopena o wā o Kievan Rus. E ua ola aʻo Kīwala'ō pūʻulu kiʻi Svyatoslav ohana, na kaikamahine Yaroslava Mudrogo. He nui no hoi kekahi mau examples o Nails me kekahi individuality, e laʻa me, Jaroslav Vsyevolodovitch me ka luakini i loko o ka lima. A no keia mea i ukuia no ka donation no ka hana hana.

Ka mua ho'āʻo e hoʻoneʻe aku, mai ka canonical a me ka ecclesiastical palapala i naita ma pena i ka noho alii ana o Ivana Groznogo i wahi. Mākou iʻike i kona kiʻi i loko o kekahi mau puke. Oia ka oni ana i i wale n? No ka mea, o ka haneri mokuna Hale Pule Nui, a alii iho la oia a me legislated manaʻo o nā aliʻi, nā aliʻi, a me na kanaka ma na icons.

Parsuna

Ma kaʻumikumamāhiku kenekulia pena mau e hoʻoikaika 'ana. E ike i ke kiʻi ma ka oe Rusia ua lilo hou kanaka kāna moʻolelo. Aia o ia he 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke me "parsuna". Kēia nānaina i ka hua'ōlelo "kanaka".

Mau hana ma luna o na papa o tempera, i mea i hana, i loko o ke kaila o ikona, e IeEeAUUXAAaO wa e ola kiʻi o kanaka. Ka mea kahiko i ka pena ua parsuna Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shumsky.

Naʻe, ka mea i hanaia me ka funerary kiʻi "ʻaʻahu". Akā, i ke kiʻi o kona aliʻi "resurrected" Ua kākau, ola ae la ia i loko o ka honua maikaʻi, no laila, kona hiʻona i okoa mai ka canonical mau maka ma luna o icons.

Ua loaʻa mea he holo, mai ka ekalesia dogmas, aie 'enehana maiʻEulopa. No laila, mai ka palena o ka mokuaina mai "Sarmatian kiʻi" Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo gentry kiʻi.

Eia hou, i ka Muscovy pena e hele mai, mai WesternʻEulopa, e lńkou kūloko Artists. Created "titulyarniki" (kūikawā buke, a hoike he maikaʻi loa kiʻi oʻEulopa luna).

Petrine au

Maoli i ka "kiʻi" ma Lūkini oe wale akaka ka manawa o ka noho alii ana o Petero ka Nui. Kēia manawa ua ka popoiwi wahi i loko o ke ola o ka aina. Ke akamai lewa i ke au o ka hou LIKE.

I kiʻi he mea ka leo a me ka hohonu, Artists E ke Kumu i ka wā e hiki mai. Hânau 'ia ka naauao o ka hula o ka malamalama a me ka malu, hoʻomaka experimenting me nā kala like' ole ma o ka canvas. No hoi, aia no he kaawale hope o ka ekalesia a me ka naita ma nō.

Ano, ua maheleia ka pena i ekolu pele - archaizing, Rossika a me aupuni kula.

Ka mua ka hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka hoʻololi mai "parsuna" e easel pena. Ka lua ua poe ma na hana o ka haole Artists ma Rusia. Wahi lulu ia kula i hoike ma na hana o Nikitin, Antropov, Vishnjakova Matveeva a me Argunova.

He noteworthy i "loaa mai" Lūkini Artists o ia wā, mua E ka Haku e, no laila, e'ōlelo aku i loko oʻEulopa. Akā, i loko o kekahi mau makahiki, aia no na hana pono kuokoa, a me kā lākou mau hihio. I ua e hoʻomaka ana i ka hooulu ana o kūloko ioauoa o ka honua-ka papa nō.

I ka pau ana o ka XVIII kenekulia

I nā kiʻi i loko o Lūkini nō i ka waiwai o ka waenakonu strata o ke kaiāulu. A hiki i ka waena o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia mea eh ÷ ike wale paahao kaulana kanaka, kokoke i kaʻohana aliʻi, akā, e loaʻa nō i wale kiʻi o nā aliʻi a me nā konohiki, akā, i kekahi mau kauwa. Ka la mahope, i ka nui, i wahi wale nō ma hoʻonaʻauao manaʻo ma ka kaiāulu.

Ma nā kanalima, a sixties o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia, i hoʻonoho ai ma nā kiʻi o ka Empress Elizabeth he kupaianaha leo. He nui ka poe hanohano ohana Komikina'Āina i pena ia lakou iho, i 'ano like me keia kumu.

I nui noiʻi ike alanui kuokoa o kūloko Artists. Ka mea, kāheaʻia lākou hihio o ka'ōniʻoniʻo, a kailaʻae hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka Baroque, ma e like me kaʻEulopa Artists ka poe i hana i loko o ka Rococo kaila.

Nā hana o Lūkini Artists wale nō me ka lei kiʻi, maka, piha o ke ola, a heʻehu, a rosy-papalina lede.

Classicism a me ka kālā Makahiki

Ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ike ana i ka naeaeaa i intimacy. I ka pau ana o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia, ia mea paakiki ke maopopo ma waena o ka West 'Eulopa a me Lūkini kiʻi. Ano moʻokalaleo Ke i loko o ka pilikia makapō kilokilo hele mai i ke ao nei ke kahua. Wale kēia manawa he mea olinolino, a lush baroque 'ano apau loa.

Ua ka i kela kapa o ka Rococo e neoclassicism a me ka predromantike. Ikeia sentimental a me ka malamalama memo. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o kēia wā ua historicism. Oia hoi, ua hoonohoia ka leo kūlana kiʻi o ka imperial ohana.

Kēia au i ka lewa i loko o nā hana o Shchukin, Rokotoff, a me Borovikovsky Levitsky.

Next hele mai i ka wā o Romanticism. Eia, o ka loa ua pono-ike Artists i Bryullov Varnek, Tropinin a me Kiprensky.

Hope hele mai i ka realism i ka hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka pena o Repin, Surikov a me Serov.

Kala Makahiki o ka Russian pena i haawi mai i ke ao nei Artists like me Malevich, Vrubel, Malyutin, Somov, Konchalovsky a me na mea e ae.

Soviet kiʻi

Kiʻi o Contemporary nō ua i nānā 'ia e ideology, e like me ka mea i loko o Soviet manawa, a me ka waiwai, ao ke ano.

Akā, ma waena o nā pena o Malevich a me ko kakou manawa aia no he okoa ana nou no ka Soviet Union.

Eia e ulu i ka nalu mua o ka avant-garde manaʻo, Moscow a me Leningrad kula, "e uhau ana o Bratsk". Ua ua he kumu hiʻona o Socialist realism.

Pela, ke i manawa ike i ka mōʻaukala o ke kiʻi i loko o Lūkini nō.