Kiev City: Kiev Pale Kaua (1941)

Kekahi o nā hanana nui o ka Great Patriotic War mea he kaua i loko o 1941 no ka Kiev. hoomalu ana i ke kulanakauhale ana mai Iulai a hiki i Sepatemaba, a ua koi nui ola. I ka palapala o keia hanana ua kapaia ka Kiev KUMUMANAʻO NUI kūlana hana.

I loko nō o ka heroism o Soviet koa, a me ka na kamaaina i aeia nui KUMUMANAʻO NUI aohe ahailono,. A laila, ka mea i alakai aku ai i nā hanana lono kaumaha, no ka a haneri o nā tausani o ka poʻe i ka uku me kona ola.

E hoomaka ana i ka hopena

No ka mea manawa mua i hoouka Kiev i ka loa hoʻomaka o ke kaua. Ka mea, ua June 22, 1941, Kelemānia Bombers i aku ma ka wanaao o ia ia i ko lakou mau hope. Pela i hoomaka ai ka Nui Patriotic War. hope, e hele mai emi ma mua o ka malama i ka ke Kelemānia a hiki i ke kulanakauhale pono.

Mai airstrike ku i ka hale huakaʻi noaioee, he mokulele hola, he koa international airport, a me na mea e ae, a me? Eeuo aiiia. Loa kanaka mai ole i ike i ka kaua, hoomaka ae la. No ka ia, ka mea, ua ka regular kino, a i ua lawe intensively mai ma Soviet poʻe no ma luna o ka makahiki.

Mai ia manawa koke nō i ke kulanakauhale pii, e hoomakaukau no ka pale aku. Ua Ua hanaia ma Kiev ke pale laina, a ua he loloa o ka 200 bunkers. Ma mua o ia mau mea i kūkuluʻia moats ku e poʻina nalu a me infantry. Kekahi laina o pillboxes, a me nä 'auwaha i hoʻokumu kokoke i ke kulanakauhale. e lawe mai i mau hana hou ma mua o 160 tausani kanaka o Kiev a me ka poe noho o kokoke kauhale.

Ma June 23, wehe aʻela ia i ke kūlanakauhale 'ikamu mobilization. Ua kapaia 200 tausani kanaka, i mea kekahi lima o ka poʻe e noho lā ma Kiev. E like me kaʻike maka, i ke keiki kanaka i makemake e hele i ke alo, e kaua aku i nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Kēia patriotism i ko lakou lehulehu mau denunciations a me ka repression ia i wahi ma na 30s, a laila, no ka mea, o ke kaua hou.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka Kiev kūlana pale hana ua manaoia e ia July 11, ka wā Wehrmacht koa i hiki aku i ka muliwai Irpen. Ua Ua ke aupuni '15 kilomika komohana o ke kulanakauhale. Hana he 70 lā.

Ke komo ana o ka hanana

I mea e Hoʻokaʻina 'ia mai ka poe i lawe mai i ka hoouka i ke kulanakauhale, a me ka poe i lawe mai i ka mea e malu ai o Kiev, ia mea e pono e nana i ka papaʻaina.

Mau kumumanao o Kelemania, ma July 1941

Ka German kauoha manaʻo e hopu i ka Donbass, a me ka Crimea mua o ka hoouka kaua ana o ka hooilo. Ua ua hoi nui e paʻa Leningrad hui me ka Pinilana hao wale. E lawe mai i kēia mea hiki ia lakou ke pale aku i ka'ōlohe wiwo pale o Kiev.

E like me kekahi o na kauoha, Hitler kena ae i ka hema-hikina pauku iʻaʻole pono ia. Ka mea nui wale hana ua e pale aku i ka withdrawal o ka nui koa o ka enemi ma ka hohonu, akā, e luku aku ia lakou a hiki ma ke komohana kapa o ka Dnieper.

Ke kaua i loko o July, a August: ka disastrous olelo hooholo

A hiki i ke komohana o Kiev i ka Army "South". I alo ia South-komohana alo, i mea oi ana i kaʻenemi ma ka helu o nā koa, a me ka oaoieei lako a pan. Akā, manaʻo, he nui nele i ka hana. Ma ka Soviet koa nele Initiative o luna, a ua hemolele maneuvered skillfully na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, a hoʻopuniʻia e kaʻenemi.

A me na kaua lawe mai i ka ke piʻoloke o ka heluna kanaka. Naʻe, ka mea, ua disorganized. Pinepine, i mai na Aupuni ko lakou mau ohana me ka hailona o ka ukana, a nui huhu maʻamau poe kanaka. No kēia mau mea, i hoʻohana 'ia i kona kalaka, a i hoeha nui nele i ke alo.

Iki kōkua e stabilize i ke kulana'ōlohe wiwo kaua Army General Vlasov. August 10, hoalohaloha aku ia ia ia, he suburb o Kiev i ua hookuu. Ua mea i ai i ka German Fuhrer ka huhu huhu i ke alo o August 8, e paa i ka parade ma Khreshchatyk. Eia naʻe, no ka pomaikai o ka Red Army i ole mau loa ana.

Manao kuka malu no ka Germany ma August

Ke'ōlohe wiwo hoomalu o Kiev Hoʻokē akula ka kauoha Kelemānia i ka hoʻololi 'ana i ko lakou mau kumumanao. Hitler manaoio i nui oi nui e paʻa Moscow,ʻaʻole i manaʻo Manuela Halder a me ka hema panalāʻau o ka USSR. Mamua o ka hooilo, Hitler makemake e lawe ma luna o ka Crimea, lanahu a me ka hanalima aina o Donbass, e like me ka aeie i ka haawi ana i ka aila mai ka Caucasus a hiki i ka Soviet hao wale.

Ma waho aʻeo ia Halder, a me ka hooholo ana o Hitler au iʻae aku, a Geynts Guderian. He kino ho'āʻo e hoomaopopo i ka Fuhrer i i hooki i ka hoouka ma Moscow, akā, i kona mau manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē i i pili i ka olelo hooholo o ka Wehrmacht he Alihikaua Nui la. Pela, i laila 'o ia a hiki i kaʻaoʻao hema o ka pae "Center" ma August 24, a oki iho la ka hoouka ma Moscow.

Mau kumumanao o ka USSR i loko o August

Stalin makaʻu no ka Moscow. He ike mea koke, e hoolilo koa hana i loko o kēia ao. Keia ua kekahi hookupaa iho la ia manao. E like me ka wā August, Kelemānia lākou poʻe kaua a pau, e hoouka aku i ka Moscow ma Bryansk.

Akā, Stalin i i ike i Hitler nō e dramatically hoʻololi i ko lakou mau manao, a hoʻouna aku nā koa i ke kūkulu hema.

E kaua ana i ka hopena o August: belated lakou hee hope ana

August 21, Hitler kakauinoa ke kauoha. Ua loaʻa iā ia he kuleana ole ma ka hope papa o ke kaua. Ka mea, ua i ka mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE koa o ka Wehrmacht, waiho wale aku i ka lāʻau, mai Moscow a hiki i ka hema, i ka mea ia Kiev, ke Crimea, a me ka Donbass.

I loko nō o ka mea i loaʻa i nā koa a me ka kivila iho o Kiev, ke kulana lilo nalu p. A pau keia kauoha ua ole ae e lawe i ke kapikala, e hopohopo ana Stalin ka naoh, a hoole aku la.

E like me ka hopena o South-komohana alo ka mea i loa hoʻopuniʻia e nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Ma ka po o September 18 Moscow, ka mea i hoʻoholo i ka emi hope. Eia naʻe, manawa, ua lilo, e like me ka hopena,ʻaʻole i hiki i ka loaʻa mai o ka apo a pau oihana. About 700.000 koa i pio a me ka make. Ka Ia hopena i loaʻa i ka General Kirponos, e like me na ilamuku 800 a me ka pūkaua nana i alakai i ke alo.

Kiev pale, ua pilikia ka. Soviet poʻe hao wale, a emi ana i loko o ka wikiwiki nō e hoʻokele i ke olonā wāwae a pau eha iinoia ma ka Dnieper. I ka Ia manawa ma luna o ia mau mea i keia wahi, he civilians a me koa nā limahana. Ua Ua haawi inoperable kulanakauhale mana, ka wai. I ka wai i kiola ia na tausani o nāʻeke o ka ai. Pau kēia mau hana i make i ka heluna kanaka (ma kahi o 400 tausani) koe ma ka ola o ka pololi i loko o ka noho kulanakauhale.

Na ke Kelemānia a komo i ke kulanakauhale ma 19 Kepakemapa. I kekahi la ae, hoomaka ae hooko o ka poe Iudaio, a me na tausani o kūloko e noho ana i hoomaka ai e evacuate e hana i loko o Germany. Ua hele aku la ma na makahiki ekolu.

Nā hopena a me ka 'ole o ka hana

Kyiv ia kenekoa Pale Kaua i ole hiki ia lakou ke ku imua o ka poe koa o ka Wehrmacht. I ka make i ke kaumaha loa no ka Soviet kaua. Ma waho aʻeo i ka nui helu o kanaka ola ana i ua lilo ma 4 tausani'āpana, papa wiliʻai, poʻina nalu, Kekoa.

Pomaikai ole oe hoomalu o Kiev wehe i ka Wehrmacht alanui a hiki i ka hikina. Next hanana weheia i ka uila holo. Na ke Kelemānia a hoopio iho la oi a oi mokuna.

Chronology o hoʻopio aku i ka aina hikina a me ka hema.

• 8 October - ke kai o Azov;
• October 16 - Ka Odessa wahi;
• 17 October - Donbass;
• Oct. 25 - Kharkiv;
• November 2 - Crimea (Sevastopol ua ma blockade).

Ua ua i loko o kēia koko pio o ka mau maikaʻi ka manawa ihola. Mua o nā mea a pau Kelemānia poʻe hao wale redeployed mai Moscow, ua 'ā ka ka Soviet kauoha, e hoomakaukau ai no kona malu. Ua Ua pū ke wehe 'he kūpono' ku e Leningrad, e hana a puni ia i ka pilipaa apo. Pela, ke Kiev kūlana hana i ole waiho manawa no na kēia kanaka Kelemānia e paʻa Moscow.