Koh Robert: A Kawaihae. Genrih German Robert Koch - Nobel Laureate ma Physiology ole Medicine

Genrih German Robert Koch - ke kaulana German kauka a me ka microbiologist, Nobel makana e uwa a me ka hoʻokumu o kēia bacteriology a me ka epidemiology. He ua kekahi o na pookelaʻepekema o ka iwakalua kenekulia ole wale ma Germany akā, nā hualoaʻa a. A hailona no e piʻi like i loko o ka kaua e ku e au paialewa maʻi i a kona mau haʻawina, he maʻi, lilo iho la ia i mau pahiʻoi pahu aku ai i ka laau lapaau. He ua i kaupalena 'ia ka hoʻopaʻa' ana i kekahi wahi o ka mākaukau, i i hooki i ka mokuāhana ma i ka hookahi maʻi. A pau kona ola, ua hoike mai i ka mea huna o ka noho pilikia loa ka maʻi. Ma kona mau piʻi like i ua mālama i ka mea hiki ole ke dala o ke kanaka ola, a me keia mea i ka loa maoli nō i ka hoʻomaopopo pono no ke nä känaka 'epekema.

Mele e piʻi like

Herman Koch ua he haole correspondent no ka St. Petersburg Academy o Sciences a me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe ka hoʻonohonoho. Ma ka piggy kapa o kona piʻi like ua nui na buke ma infectious maʻi a me ka hakakāʻana iā lākou. He hahai a ua kālailai i ka pololei loulou ma waena o ka maʻi a me ka microorganisms. Kekahi o kona mau papa kuhikuhiE discoveries - Ua loaa i ka causative Agena o ka tuberculosis. He ua ka nä känaka 'epekema mua ka mea i hiki ke hooiaio i ka hiki e lilo spores o anthrax. Study o kekahi mau mai, halihali mai nä känaka 'epekema vsmirnuyu nani. I ka 1905, German Koh loaa ka Nobel lua no kona e piʻi like. Eia hou kekahi, i kekahi o na kanaka mua i loko o ka German ola malama.

kamaliʻi

I ka wā e hiki mai o ka honua kaulana nä känaka 'epekema i hānau i loko o Clausthal-Zellerfeld i ka 1843. Noho 'ana kamaliʻi ke keiki - opiopio naturalist - hele kŘpa oluolu a me ka carefree. Kona mau makua lakou mea e hana ai me ka 'epekema, me kona makua kāne i hana i loko o ka mines, a kiai aku la kona makuwahine i nā keiki, e noho ana he umikumamakolu, Koh Robert ua kolu. loa ala, e lawe i ka hoihoi i loko o ka waho honua He hoʻomaka ', i kona manawa nui hoihoi i buoyed kupuna kāne a me ka makua kāne, no hoi me ka hoihoi i loko o maoli. E like me ke keiki, aole ia i waiho pu iho i ka ohi ana o nā mea kolo, a me nā mosses lichens. I ka makahiki 1848ʻo ia i helu i ka kula. Like na mea he nui o na keiki, ua ike pehea e heluhelu, a kākau, ua nui loa hiki hoi. Koke mahope, oia a hiki e hoʻokele i ka hele i ke kula, kahi ana e ho'ōla i ka mea maikaʻi loa haumāna.

kulanui

Ma hope o ke kula kiʻekiʻe hoʻopau, i ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema komo i ka' ihiʻihi Kulanui o Göttingen, kahi āna i aʻo mua maoli sciences, a laila, hoomaka ae la e noiʻi i laau lapaau. 'O kēia kekahi o nā Kelemānia kulanui, a ua kaulana akeakamai e piʻi like ana o nā haumāna. I ka 1866, Koh Robert loaa i ka 'inikua degere. A mea koʻikoʻi kūlana i loko o ka ulu ana o ka ukupanee ma ka lapaau a me ka noiʻi kulanui kumu hoʻokani Koch, mai ka loa kinohi ho'āʻo i ka haʻaheo lāhui aʻo haumāna 'hana e aloha ole wale i ka lapaau, akā, i ka' epekema.

koke 'oihana

A makahiki ma hope o ka puka, Koch mare, i ke kaikamahine, mai keia mare. I ke kakahiaka nui wā o kona 'oihana, Koch makemake ia e ke kaua a kauka o ka moku o, akā, i ole imua i kēia manawa kūpono iā ia. Koch, a me kona ohana neʻe ma Rackwitz, kahi i lilo ai ka hana i loko o ka haukapila no ka mea pupule. Olioli ole hoʻomaka o ka 'oihana, akā, ka mea, ua wale he wahi ho omaka, ma ka mea o ka hanau ana o ke nä känaka' epekema nui. Ke smartest a brightest limahana makemake i ka kūloko kauka. Loa koke, e like me na mea me he Hope, ka mea ua loaa ia ia ka wiwo ole, a lilo iho la ia i ke kauka. A no keia mea ka hoʻomaka 'kona' oihana, Robert Koch. Kawaihae hōʻike i ka mea i hana pela wale ekolu makahiki mai ka outbreak o ka Franco-Prussian War, a me ka mea, he e hele i ka mua me ke kahua kauka.

kaua

Koh Robert ma ke alo hele makemake, hoʻowahāwahā i kona hikiwawe loa hoʻonāwaliwali i eyesight. Iloko o ke kaua ka mea, ua hiki ke kiʻi i ka hoao ana nui i loko o ka iapaau ana o infectious ka maʻi. He hoola na kanaka o ka cholera a me ka typhoid, a he nui loa, he pono ole iloko o ke kaua. I loko nō o kona noho ma ka mua o Koch i aʻo nui microbes a me ka līoho ma lalo o ka microscope, a ua he nui paipai 'ia iā ia i loko o ka micrographs a me kaʻepekema Aey? Acaeoey.

anthrax

Ma hope o demobilization, Koch a me kona 'ohana neʻe i Wohlstein (a ianoiyuaa a Wolsztyn, Poland), kahi āna i hana like me ka mea sanitation. Ma hope o kana wahine i ka microscope no kona lā hānau haawi mai ia ia, alaila, haawi mai i 'oihana hoʻopololei, a ua hō'ā i ka noiʻi' ana. A pau ka manawa oia malaila i ka microscope, he nui hola o ka lā a me ka po.

Koke aku la ia i kekahi mea o ka hailonaʻana o nā holoholona i loko o nā wahi e ka maʻi i anthrax. Kēia maʻiʻano nui e loli ai i nā holoholona. Maʻi kanaka e loaa ana akemāmā pilikia, lymph aka wahi, a me ka pohaku ula maikai loa, mai. No kona ike maopopo ana, Koch hoʻolei i ka nui helu o kaʻiole i anthrax hoikeia mai ia ia ia i ko lakou wahi hilahila. I ka kana wahine i ka makana, e kōkua ka mea, ua hiki ke kālā līkaia no ka hookaawale maile e huli i loko o miliona o ko lākou mau ano.

këia i ka wahie,

No ka lōʻihi manawa ke nä känaka 'epekema, aole oki experimenting,ʻo ia i ho'āʻo i ka bacillus o ka hooponopono kumu o ka anthrax. ka mea,ʻaʻohe mea e hooiaio ana i ka puunaue ana o ka maʻi correlated me ke ola kalapona o ka hapanui koʻohune. He ka hana o Koch hoao iho i anthrax ua kena ae la ma kekahi bacterium, ma mua o ka kumu o ka maʻi iʻikeʻia i ka loa uuku. I 1877-1878 makahiki o Germanʻepekema - Robert Koch, a me ke kōkua o kona nā hoapili - paʻiʻia kekahi mau 'atikala a pau a hiki i kēia pilikia. Eia hou kekahi, palapala iho la oia i ka 'atikala e pili ana i nā kiʻina hanaʻo ia ia i loko o kona keʻena hoʻokolohua haʻawina.

Koke ma hope o ke paʻi ana o kana mau hana Koch lilo he koʻikoʻi ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao ma luna o ka moana ua he Nobel waiwai pio ma ka laau lapaau. A mau makahiki ma hope, ua paʻi kekahi hana ma luna o ka mahi ana o microbes ma ka paa me Media, ka mea, ua lilo ia i fundamentally hou kokoke loa i kahi a me ka nui i Hopu i loko o ke ao ana o ke ao nei mai o koʻohune.

Koch a Pasteur

Kelemāniaʻepekema Ua pinepine hoʻokūkū ana, akā, i loko o Kelemania, Koch ua i like, Pasteur ua he maikaʻi loa Palani nä känaka 'epekema, microbiologist, a me Koch i kāna hana i loko o nīnau. Koch a hiki, kuu ka nāʻana, he outspoken manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni o nā haʻawina Pasteur anthrax. Kekahi mau makahiki ma ka lalani, nä känaka 'epekema hiki ole hiki i kona manaʻo ma, ka mea, kū'ē nā kino, a me kā lākou mau hana.

tuberculosis

Ma hope oʻana haʻawina o ka Siberian ulcer Koch ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka noiʻi i tuberculosis. Ua ua He loa koiʻana iā pukana, no ka mea, alaila, na hiku o ka kupa o Germany make mai ka maʻi. Epekema, Nobel laureates, kauka pono'ōnou, manao ke pono nei tuberculosis mea hereditary, a he mea hiki ole ke hana me ia. Lapaʻau ma ia manawa oia no foxmike hoounauna a me ka pono no kou kino.

I ka like o ka tuberculosis

Loa koke Koch loaʻa ai he mea hiki ole i ka pomaikai ma ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o tuberculosis. He i mai ka'aʻaʻa make no ka noiʻi, i ka nani a me ka lōʻihi hookolokolo aku la ia ma lalo o ka microscope e hooholo i maoli o ke kumu o ka maʻi. Koke aku la ia i kekahi i nā koʻokoʻo i ua hoano e ana i ka moʻomeheu meakino, a ma Guinea puaʻa. Koʻohune hoonui hoʻomaka koke, a pepehi i ka lawe. Ua ua he mea hiki ole Hopu ma microbiology. I ka 1882 Koch paʻi i kona hana ma keia kumuhana. Ka Nobel makana ua noho kokoke.

I ka like o ka cholera

Koch hiki ole hoʻopau lākou mau haʻawina a hiki i ka hopena, ma na olelo o ke aupuni, hele aku la ia i ka Aigupita a me India e kaua cholera. Ma hope o kekahi wā o lengthy noiʻi nä känaka 'epekema hiki ke hooholo microbe i ke kumu maʻi. ua lilo ia i mea nui discoveries i lawe Koh Robert, he maoli Hopu ma ka laau lapaau. He Ua hoonohoia e like me ke kanaka ma ka malama, i maopopo ai ki ina hana like o Hana me ka nui'ē aʻe infectious maʻi.

Kumu a hou noiʻi ma tuberculosis

I ka 1885, ua hoonohoia Koch Kumu ma ke Kulanui o Pelelina. Eia hou kekahi, ua hoonohoia oia i Poʻo o ka Institute o Infectious Nā Maʻi. Ma ka hoi mai ka home mai India, i aku la ia hou i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o tuberculosis, a ua loaʻa nui i ka pomaikai. Elima makahiki ma hope, i ka 1890, Koch kūkala mea, ua loaʻaʻo ia i ke ala e pono i ka maʻi. e hoʻokele He e imi i ka waiwai a pau i kapaia tuberculin (TB bacillus produces ia), akā, i ka pomaikai nui o ka lāʻau i ole lawe mai. He kena i allergic naoh, a e nā palapala i nā mea maʻi. 'Oiai, ma hope o kekahi manawa ka mea, ua malamaia ia ma ka hoʻohana' ana i ka tuberculin hiki diagnose tuberculosis, ka mea, ua nui ka loaʻa, a auhau i ka physiology a me ka laau lapaau. Ka Nobel makana i kumu kāki i Koch i ka 1905. Ma kana olelo ana, i mai la i ke nä känaka 'epekema i keia ua wale no ka mua, akā, loa nui kapuwaʻi i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i tuberculosis.

hanohano

Ka Nobel lua ua i ka wale e piʻi like ana o ke nä känaka 'epekema. He Ua hookoia ka Papa o kānaka apau i mākaukau, a i hoopukaia ka Kelemānia aupuni. Eia hou, e like he nui 'ē aʻe Nobel laureates, Koch loaa he honorary doctorate, ua he lâlâ' o na mea he nuiʻepekema nā kaiapili. A makahiki ma mua o ka loaa ana o ka Nobel uku Koch haʻalele i kona kulana ma ka Institute o Infectious Nā Maʻi.

I ka 1893, Koch wawahi mai me kana wahine, a laila, mare i ka uʻi mea hana keaka.

I ka 1906 alakai aku la oia i ka huakaʻi i Africa, nona ma ke kaua ana i ka moe maʻi.

He make i ka luawai-ike nä känaka 'epekema ma Baden-Baden i ka 1910 o ka naau hoouka.

Kekahi o na craters i ua kapa ma kona hanohano i ka makahiki 1970.

hualoaʻa

Koch ua he nä känaka 'epekemaʻoiaʻiʻo, me ia i aloha i kona' oihana a me ka hana ia ma naʻe o nā mea a pau na hihia a me ka pilikia. Ma hope o ua noho ma ka oihana lapaau, oia hoʻoneʻe ia i ke ala o ka noiʻi o infectious maʻi, a, i poe lunakanawai no ma kona nui i ka pomaikai, ia i hana ia no kekahi kumu. Ināʻo ia i komo wale ma ka 'oihana hoʻopololei, ina ua ike ole kauoha aku e e ai nui discoveries, a ho'ōla olalo i ola. He He Kawaihae nui o ke kanaka nui mea nana i waiho i kona ola ma luna o ke kuahu o ka 'epekema. He e hoʻokele i ka hana i ka mea i hiki ole ke ōlaʻi, a me nā wale paakiki ka hana a me ka manaoio ma ka ike i kokua mai ia ia i loko o kēia pilikia ala, ke ala o ka ike o na kanaka kino mea huna.