Perchloricʻakika - waiwai, iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka palapala noi. kaiapuni

Perchloricʻakika (HClO4 haʻilula) - mea he monobasicʻakika anhydrous. Kekahi mau chlorine (Cl) i loko o ke kiekie'okesaside moku'āina, no keia kumu, ka mea, o ka mea ikaika loa oxidizer. Pahū.

Waiwai perchloricʻakika

1. He He yiaeaiiacaaeneiie wai a me ka kala like 'ole, he wahi lihi iki o ka uahi i loko o ka lewa, ke lātoma i ka hui. He hu wale me ka loa reactionary. A hiki i keiaʻakika ano avtodegidratatsiya:

3HClO4 = H3O + (cation) + ClO- (anion) + Cl2O7 (chlorine monoxide)

2. kēia waiwai i ka haiia wailana ma chlorinated a organofluorine nā'uheheʻe e like me CH2Cl2 (methylene koloriside), CHCl3 (chloroform), a me kekahi poe e ae. Ua kawili pu ia me nā nā'uheheʻe a me ka ho'āʻoʻia hoemi ka waiwai, makaʻuʻole pēpēʻana hiki i ka Naita me ia a me ke ahi.

3. He pono kawili pu ia me ka wai (H2O) i loko o kekahi huliāmahi. 'Ano apau loa kekahi mau hydrates. I kia pāʻoihana o keiaʻakika i iki oily hana mau. Kēia koʻana kokoʻakika pāʻoihana, ua maikai kumupaʻa, a me ka haahaa oxidizing hiki. Me ka wai mākou e noʻonoʻo 'ana i ka lāʻau' ano apau loa i azeotrope a ma ka wela o ka 203 degere maʻi hēhē, a iloko ona i kakauia 72 pakeneka o HClO4.

4. Perchloricʻakika (HClO4 haʻilula) o kekahi o na nāʻakika ikaika loa. No ka mea, o keia, i loko o konaʻakika 'ia o kekahi mau hui hele me ko lākou mau kumu.

5. Na hoemiia puʻe me akahai hahana maoli nō kēia i ka läÿau, o perchloricʻakika me ka phosphoric anhydride hana colorless oily wai - chlorine'okikene lua:

2HClO4 (perchloricʻakika) + P4O10 (phosphoric anhydride) = Cl2O7 (chlorine'okikene lua) + H2P4O11

Nā Papahana no ka hoomakaukau

1. koʻana koko pāʻoihana o keia Agena hiki e hoʻomākaukau i nāʻaoʻao. Ka mua o ka electrochemical'okesaside o chlorine a hydrochloricʻakika i kia hydrochloricʻakika, a me ka lua o ka - ma ka papalua decomposition o ka paʻakai perchlorate a potasiuma'okanikaʻole ikaika nāʻakika.

2. Ka anhydrous perchloricʻakika hiki ke loaa i loko o nā alaʻelua, no hoi. Ka mea mua oia i ka reacting potasiuma perchlorate (K) a me ka paʻakai (Na) me sulfuricʻakika ma kiaʻana i kāna palapala, a me ka lua o ka - ma ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me oleum me ka koʻana koko pāʻoihana o perchloricʻakika.

KClO4 (koʻana koko pāʻoihana o perchloricʻakika) + H2SO4 (sulfuricʻakika) = KHSO4 (potasiuma hydrogensulfate) + HClO4 (perchloricʻakika)

Noi o perchloricʻakika

- i kia pāʻoihana mau hoʻohana 'e loaa perchlorates (paʻakai o na nāʻakika), a me ka mākau kemika;

- perchloricʻakika ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka decomposition o na mea e hooheheeia me ka hōʻeleu, a ma ka Ikepili o nā minelala hao;

- potasiuma perchlorate (haʻilula: KClO4), i ka paakai o keiaʻakika, ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka ho okumu pahū, a me ka makanekiuma perchlorate (anhydrone, mg (ClO4) 2) ua hoʻohana' ia e like me ka desiccant.

Maluhia o ka Lehulehu ma ka hana

Perchloricʻakika, anhydrous hiki ole loa waihonakala, a kaʻi aku, e like me ma maʻamau aku ana ia mea hikiwawe loa ke kūlana, a hiki a laila spontaneously explode.

Other chlorine-i loaʻa ka'okanikaʻoleʻakika:

1. Hydrochloricʻakika (haʻilula: HCl) - monobasic ikaikaʻakika, corrosive, fuming wai a ea. Haʻapili electroforming (pickling, etching) a ma ka hydrometallurgy, no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i eliiaʻi i tinning a me ka soldering, e paka manganese koloriside, kiniki, he hao, a me na mea hiki ke hooheheeia. ka waiwai i loko o ka meaʻai hana ua kakau me ka meaʻai mea hoʻonui E507.

2. Hypochlorousʻakika (haʻilula: HClO) - loa nawaliwali monobasicʻakika. Ua hiki wale nei i ka pāʻoihana. Hoʻohana 'ia no ka hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe hana e like me ka ke loloʻa aʻe nā mea hana o ka home a me kaʻiʻo pepa.

3. chlorousʻakika (HClO2) - meakino ikaika monobasicʻakika. Ua lolelua ka i loko o kona noa palapala, ana ke kūlana hoʻomaka koke i loko o ka dilute koʻana koko pāʻoihana. Ke anhydride o keiaʻakika nō IKE OLE IA.

4. chloricʻakika (HClO3) - monobasic ikaikaʻakika. 'Aʻole i loaa i loko o noa palapala, e like me, mai hemo mai ma kiaʻana i kāna kākoʻo pāʻoihana. Ma koʻana koko pāʻoihana, ma laila i koe ma ka lehulehu ma lalo o 30 pakeneka. Muli o kona kulana i ka pilina paʻa ma haʻahaʻa mahana.