Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich: Kawaihae

An poʻokela nä känaka 'epekema a me Academician Vladimir Kotelnikov lilo i paionia a me ka hoʻokumu o ka wahi lulu cryptography. I World War II,ʻo ia a me kona mau nā hoapili hana mai i ka helu o ke kūlana manaʻo, ma i hele mai i ka malu a me ka ike kauoha.

i kakahiaka nui makahiki

An poʻokela nä känaka 'epekema a me ka lunaʻenehana Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich i hānau i loko o Kazan. He Ua hānauʻia ma September 6, 1908. Ke keiki no i ka ohana o ka hereditary Kumu - i kona makua kāne a me ka kupuna hana ma ka kūloko kulanui. Heʻaʻohe mea känalua 'ole me na mea he uuku ohana Volodya i 6 makahiki aʻo i ka heluhelu, a kākau, akā, i ke Kumu e na kumu o ke o ka hōʻailona helu, makemakika a me ka hana kemika.

makahiki School, haule iho la ia i ke keiki ma luna o ka wā o ka First World a me ke Kanawai War. No ka mea, o keia KOTELNIKOVO 'ohana mau hoʻoneʻe mai wahi aku ia wahi aku. Vladimir Ua hoʻonaʻauao ma ka hale, a ma ke kula, ua aʻo no wale nō ka mea hope ekolu papa. Ordeals o na makahiki kaua i ole e uhai i kona kuleana i loko o 'epekema. Ke teenager lilo hoihoi ma ka Radio. Kēia Hobby i ho'ākāka 'ia i kona wā e hiki mai a pau ke ola.

ho okumu

I ka 1926 Vladimir komo i ka Moscow Higher E noa ka School kapaʻia ma hope o Bauman. Kuka nei lakou i ke kulanui ukali ma kekahi kipa o nā papa ma ke kālaikūlohea a me Balanced'āuna kumu o Moscow State University. ʻOiaiʻo ia i loko o ka Nyquist Bauman o kona 'ole ku Mei - Moscow mana' enekinia, Institute, ka mea i puka mai i ke kanaka'ōpiopio.

'Ihiʻihi ka hoʻonaʻauao' ae 'ia e lilo i lunaʻenehana ma ka Research Institute o Hoʻokaʻa' o ka Red Army. A laila, Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich lākou i heluʻia ma ka puka Mei, oiai e hana like poe lunaʻenehana a me ke poo o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua ma ka Research Institute.

nui i loaʻa

Trees o ka opiopio nä känaka 'epekema ua i ka kokololio Ua Hopu, ka wā i loko o ka makahiki 1933,ʻo ia ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo i ka kumumanaʻo o ka interpolation o ka oihana, e wehe ae Pelekāne, noiʻi Whittaker. Ua wehewehe i ka wa e kaawale aku o kaʻikepili poho ia ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi ana hoailona. Ka haʻilula hoao Kotel'nikov, ua o ka palena mamao nui no ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka 'enehana. Kēia loaʻa lilo i ke kumu o ka pähola 'o ka' ike a me kona helu kuʻina a me aaioee o kikohoʻe kākau'ōlelo nenoai, etc. At e pili ana i ka mea ia manawa like Kotelnikov like Hopu i loko o kā lākou noiʻi i ka American Klod Shennon, no ka mea, o ka mea ka mea theorem i ka inoa o Whittaker - .. Nyquist - Shannon.

Apau o discoveries lilo maopopo ole koke. No kona kūlana mea kakau iho la Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich i ka piha Hoike, akā, ka mea i lohe ole ai mamua ma na me ka luna hoʻoponopono o ka 'epekema puke pai-hui "uila". Ka puke aku la ia i ka noiʻi i nā puke mea no i waiwai no Soviet nā kānakaʻenehana.

hoomau iho la lakou 'oihana

Aka hoi, ua i loko o ka 30 makahiki o Soviet nä känaka 'epekema Kotelnikov Vladimir lilo iho la oia i ka moho o oaoieei-sciences o ka USSR. He loaa i kekahi degere, a hiki ole ke pale i ka ia hoʻi. Soon, i ka 1941, ka lunaʻenehana i ua kālaiʻia i ka helu o ke kī kumu, a e kūkulu i ka wā e hiki mai maopopo nenoaiie o classifying lepa.

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Nyquist ua hoʻokahuli aupuni. He kī HOU i ka hou 'ana o ka mea kahiko Analog lepa i kikohoʻe. Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i ka lako a pan no ia mau hana, e hana e like me ka mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku theorem. Like o ka hihia a me kā lākouʻimi naʻauao noiʻi, ke nä känaka 'epekema hookahi hou mamua o kona manawa. Keʻano hana, oia wānana, ua wale ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II.

Ma ka iauaeoia malu

I ka pau ana o na 30s Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich lilo poo o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua no ka hoʻokumu o ka nunui-Kanal Radio kamailio ana o ka lako a pan. Me ka mea hope, pōkole-laina ma waena o Moscow, a Khabarovsk i hoʻokumu. Together me ka Kotelnikov ma keia papahana hana poʻokela inventors Aleksandr ka mineta, Konstantin Egorov a me na mea e ae. Nō hoʻi, ke nä känaka 'epekema alakai ma nā keʻena hoʻokolohua, i i? Ac? Classifying enehana, kelepona a me ka telegraph ike. Ka hui, e hana ana i kēia mau pono, i pau i ka lilo ana o nā kānakaʻenehana, nei puka 'o ia mai ka Institute o palapala.

Iloko o ka Nui Patriotic War, ua kauoha aku Soviet hoʻomalu, e neʻe mai OOAOAaXUEIE ike encryption nenoai i ka hou synchronous, laina i uhi malu ia Radio a me ka kelepona i kamaʻilio. An, alahula na makana a hiki i keia pomaikai ua i Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Ua hoike mai Kawaihaeʻepekema, ka aina o ka alakaʻi pono e mai i pono ai iā ia me ka nui ka huakaʻi. Ke inventor i i kākoʻo pāʻoihana ai i ka pilikia o ka lahui nui - he mea no encrypting leo lepa, hoʻopale i deciphering enemi. Germany hooukaia mai ka USSR ma hope o ka lako a lilo nui.

"Sable" a me ka "Bullfinch"

Unique lako a kauoha 'Oihana ma ka malama o ke aupuni alapine (frequency) (RF)' ōlelo. ka mua hoao ana hoʻohālike o ka "Sobol-I»? ac? a ua hooholoia i ka 1938. Ka lako a pan Ua i ma ka Leningrad kanu "Red Dawn." I ka wā o ka Northern poʻo i lalo hoopilikiaia, i evacuated ka hana a hiki i Ufa. Aia Ua hoʻokumuʻia kekahi hou hola №697, iā lākou e People ka Commissariat o ka pou hana o ka USSR.

Eia naʻe, ma Ufa, a neʻe akula kekahi hapa o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, ke poo o ka mea i Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Ke nä känaka 'epekema, ka naʻe o ke kaua, hana mau, e hoʻoikaika i ka encoder, a ua nui no ka hoomalu ana i ke aupuni. Ma Ufa hui Nyquist hui koa me na nā kānakaʻenehana o ka mea kanu "Red Dawn." hāpana "Sobol-P" Ua? ac? i ka 1942. Kēia kükohu ua manao ia no ka malu pāhawewe Radio telephony. I ia manawa, "Sobol-P" Ua lilo ka loa technically huikau i hoʻomākaukauʻia no ka encrypting 'ikepili. I ka mea pio ka uila waʻa-olelo lepa. Kēia i hana ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka manawa kali hou aku; haʻawina o ka neaiaea a me kona pae hahana apo hookahi. Ka hooulu ana apono 'i ka paka transposition o ka olelo Hoʻohana. Nā Nalu cryptogram ua unreadable no ka enemi.

Ke kükohu hookolokolo aku la ia i ka kūikawā moku'āina ke aeia. Ua loaʻa i "Sobol-P" e leie aku malu i mea kamaʻilio maluhia. He hana hoihoi i ole lawe mai i kekahi o ka ÿano eiiiiiaiou no ka lako a (meʻume mākenēki pahu) ma Ufa, a me ka hoʻopilikia Leningrad. Waiwai 'ikamu haawi ma ka laina me ke kōkua o ke maunakea.

Together me ka "Sable" i lawe lako a pan e classify SAU-16 ( "Bullfinch")? Ac? I ke kaua. Kēia mea kohu He suitcase. Ia ia i kona mau huakaʻi hoʻohana mua luna a me ka poeikohoia o ka mākia i loko o ka lepo, he wahi kiʻekiʻe-alapine (frequency) palapala.

"Neva"

Aloha Kauai "Sobol-P" Ua hoʻohana mua i loko o ke kula ma ka hope o 1942. A laila, i ka palapala radiotelephone hoʻopā'āluaʻia malu ke kūkā 'ma waena o Moscow a me Tbilisi, ke kūapoʻana'ānaiʻia kēia kanaka Kelemānia nā pilina me ke alakaʻi o ka Transcaucasian Front. Kumu pili mea hoopakele i kekahi mau mahina, a ma luna o ka Caspian mokuna mea,ʻaʻole he hou laina i kūkulu. Ma hope o ka holomua bapetizo ana o ke ahi? Ieaoa "Sobol-P" ku i ka ke keʻena luna o nā mea a pau i ka fronts. Ma GHQ mākou hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻohana i kēia palapala, e hoʻouna i luna malu kauoha a me nā lono.

Akā, "Sobol-P" ua i ka mea wale His no a ka lima Kotelnikov Vladimir. E hana 'ia i loko o nä känaka' epekema 40s lilo i oi nui ma hope o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole "Owl" a me ka "Neva". Mau manao maalea i ke hoʻololi e encrypt memo Via ua hoʻouwea kaha. Ka mea, i ka nānā 'ana ma luna' helu kuʻina noaia, i mea kū hoʻokahi,ʻaʻole i wale aku no. "Neva" hoʻohana i ka 'ōlelo ma waena o Moscow, 1 ke ala kūpono a me 2 Byelorussian Byelorussian fronts. Eia hou, ua loaʻa i kēiaʻano hana kona palapala noi i ka kūwaho hoʻi kūkā o ka Allies i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ke kaua (Tehran, Yalta a me Potsdam me ka hālāwai kūkā). Eia hoi, o ka "Neva" Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka Kremlin i mea kamaʻilio me na poo o na mana likeʻole Europa, ma ka hōʻailona o ka Kelemānia hoihoi.

ma hope o ka kaua,

Ma hope iho o ka lanakila o ke kime o nā kānakaʻenehana ka poe i hana i loko o Ufa, ka mea i disbanded. Ka hoʻomalu o ka "Red Dawn" i hoi aku ai i Leningrad. ʻO kekahi hapa o inventors a me nā kānakaʻepekema hele i Moscow, a me loko o ka Mei. Aia noho i ka hana a me ka Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Photo nä känaka 'epekema aole loa e loaʻa i loko o ka nūpepa. E hana ana ma ka malu nuʻukia, ia i hiki ole ke helu i ma lehulehu publicity o kona hanana. Aka hoi, ma hope o ke kaua, Vladimir Kotelnikov alakaʻi i ka Institute ka Oihana o ka "ʻimi naʻauao kumu o Radio 'enekinia,". He holo ia no ka oi mamua o 36 makahiki.

Akā, no ka lehulehu loa o na hana mae e ku e ia i ke kāʻei kua o ka hana i loko o ka kaulana Marfino sharashka. Kēia mea he unofficial inoa lilo lohe nuiʻia, Ua paa i ke aloha i na buke o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, a Nobel laureate Alexander Solzhenitsyn, i hana ma laila. Formally, ka mea, ua he kūikawā keʻena hoʻokolohua №8, hanaia mamuli o ke kauoha o ka Soviet aupuni. Ma ka moku'āina o sharashka ua 490 kanaka. A pau o ia i ulu i ka malu telephony, hou lako a pan no ka encryption o ka 'ike, a no laila, ma luna o. D. Kekahi o na limahana i ana i ka hale paʻahao manaʻo o nā kānakaʻepekema, a inventors.

academician

I ka 1953, he nä känaka 'epekema lilo i academician o ka Academy o Sciences o ka USSR. Inā kekahi i waena o akamai ma encryption o ka 'ōlelo a me ka pono i keia hoailona, ka mea, ua maopopo leʻa Kotelnikov Vladimir. Photos a me Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o kona mau hana i kēia manawa i loko o na Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, nona ka exposition hoolilo i keia kumuhana. Academician poai puni i ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, e hana i na mea maalea no ke Kuhina o Pale Kaua a me ka KGB. Eia hou kekahi, alai ae la oia i ke Komisina, kanaka hoʻoponopono i ka mea e like ai o ka hou hana o'ē aʻe nā kānakaʻenehana.

I ka 1950-60 Vladimir Kotelnikov i ka initiator, a me ka ulu no ka maalea e like me "Liana" "Lily", "Diamond", "North-M", "lāʻau kīkī wela", "Lotus-B", a no laila, ma luna o. D. mai ka makahiki 1954 a hiki i 1988. Academician i ka luna hoʻokele o ka Institute o Radio 'enekinia, a me ka uilaʻoe, Halau o Sciences o ka USSR.

nā makahiki

Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka Soviet Union, hoʻowahāwahā kona kaulana o elemakule, ae hoomau ana i kana hana Kotelnikov Vladimir. Ka lā o ka Birth (Kepakemapa 6, 1908) a me kekahiʻano o ka lawelawe ana i ka aina i ole ia he mea no ia e pau ana a hoomaha ma luna o mākou Pohon.

I ka makahiki 1992, Russian Halau o cryptography i ua hana aloha i Academician. I ka 2003, Vladimir Kotelnikov i i hookoia ai ka Papa "No ka Services i ka degere Fatherland» I. Ke nä känaka 'epekema loaʻa ia no kona mau makahiki o ka hana a me ka poʻokela na makana i ka ulu ana o Soviet a me ka Lūkini' epekema. Academician make ma Pepeluali 11, 2005. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia ma Kuntsevo pā ilina ma Moscow.