Kūloko, a mawaho 'ole o nā mea kolo

Ka loa nā papa - nā mea kolo, ka mea mawaho 'ole, a na nā loko a i pono? Anoee. Mai nā 'ano o nā arthropods wehewehe aku ma ka mahele ana i ke kino i loko o ekolu māhele: poʻo, thorax a me ka abdomen. E like me ka rula, a nānā aku i ka mawaho 'ole o nā nā mea kolo ma ka hana o ka May uhini lele paha uhini.

exoskeleton

Nā mea kolo i ole na iwi. Kona kūlana ua hana ia e kekahi paa anuanu ili o ke kino - ka cuticle. He aiiay a me kākoʻo hana, i ka meaʻano o nā kaula.

E hoʻopili aku exoskeleton Muscle, a me kona ili honua 'ano apau loa i ke'ākeʻakeʻa hookaawale ana i ke kino lua, mai ke kaiapuni. Ke cuticle hiki e paakiki a palupalu, ma ka huli iwi. Ma kekahi mau hihia, ma ke poo a me ka pahu me ka māloʻeloʻe cuticle, ma ka abdomen - pahee.

Ke larvae o ka ulu kokololio i ka'ōlewa, tensile cuticle. Ka mea, hiki molt kekahi mau manawa, e hoolei ana i ka mea kahiko iwi. Kekahi mau māhele o ka insect ka kino hiki ke hou hoomaluia ma ka papa, a me nā pale kaua.

poo

Ka mawaho 'ole o nā nā mea kolo hoʻomaka e aʻo mai i kona poo. Ma mua kilohi ia mea i ke poʻo o ka hoʻokahi a pau, akā, evolutionarily ka mea i hanaʻia e ka hoʻokuʻi pū o 5 Hoʻohana.

Aia ma luna o ke poʻo antennae a me ekolu hui o mouthparts lala. Ka mea, ua mahele ia i luna, ma lalo iwi ā, a malalo lehelehe (i ka paʻa o fused ā). Mouthparts lala ma kekahi nā mea kolo e okoa, a māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau ano ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka ai:

• nahu iho la no ka paa ai, e like me predatory'ūhini lele me;
• hou-keiki omowaiu, ina oe makemake e hou i kaʻai kūpapakū, ma laila nā makika, kuʻia, cicadas;
• omo-keikihipa omo ina ua ole koi 'ia ka e hou ana i, e like Letra Kolohe Kai;
• hinu i-nahu iho la no ka wai a ka ai o na nalo meli, wasps;
• muskoidnye no ka hanai ana i wai, a paa ai i ka nahu.

Ma na aoao o ke poo i hoonohonoho hui mau maka, a ma waena o kekahi i ekolu mea maka. Ma mua o koʻu mau maka - ka antennae, i mea i puunaueia i loko o kekahi mau ano.

umauma

E hoʻomau i ka makaikai mawaho 'ole o nā mea kolo. nā mea kolo umauma hiki ke maheleia i ekolu nui Hoʻohana, i ku mai a hiki loa aku uuku. Ma ka lalo o ka pahu prichleneny wawae. Trochanter a me ka pa holoi lala i ka hoʻoneʻe. 'ūhā - i ka nui a me ka loa ikaika loa hapa o ka'ūhā, i hoʻolako pono me ka ikaika nāʻiʻo.

Hahai i ke kuli, a malalo uha mua, a ua hoomakaukau i kui a me spike in. Wawae iho ua maheleia i mau liʻiliʻi Hoʻohana, Aia ma luna o nā pōhaku a me nā suckers. Hiʻona o ka mea mawaho 'ole o nā mea kolo hilinaʻi ma ka? Ueo. Nā wāwae hiki no hoi i hana kūikawā, a ua māheleʻia aʻela i ke ano.

eheu

Mawaho 'ole mai o nā mea kolo hana hoihoi, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina no ka mea, o ke' ano o? Ueo. Nā'ēheu o nā Letra Kolohe Kai a me nā makika oko ma ka nānā aku, akā, i ka like 'ole. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, nā hui o nā'ēheu, ka mea, he poe protuberances manaʻo ma luna o ka backrest. Ka mea, he poe nui loa a lahilahi loaaʻoʻoleʻa aa koko.

Ka mawaho 'ole o ka insect ka kino hilinaʻi nui ma luna o Hawaii. I e pili ana i ka manaʻo o nāʻoihana likeʻole, ua undergone i nā'ēheu o ka helu o nā loli. Ma Diptera iho i loko o halteres hope o eheu i strepsiptera - alo. Zhukov alo eheu i Hawaiʻi i loko o elytra, mantises a ua lilo cockroaches leathery, a no laila, ma luna o. D. Ma kekahi laha 'o insect eheu ma kahi'ē i loko o kekahi keka' ole loa i loko o nā kanaka.

abdomen

Pau e noiʻi i nā mawaho 'ole o insect abdomen. Kēia hapa ninoieo o ka ai iiiaanoaa o'ālike Hoʻohana, nō kāu he umi. I 8 a me Hoʻohana 9 e hoonohonoho genitalia a me ka puka. Ma ka abdomen ka mea, ua aneane pau loa ka na nā loko ke aupuni '.

Lala ma abdomen mea ole, akā, i ka larvae o nā wāwae wahahee hiki ke noho ma laila. Ke posterior Hoʻohana ke aupuni 'copulatory hui, i kane, na wahine a me ka ovipositor anus. Table "mawaho 'ole o ka insect" e kōkua maikaʻi maopopo i ka' ole o kēia mau elele o ka holoholona honua.

Naehana hanu a me ka circulatory kahua

Mawaho a me na 'ole o nā mea kolo hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka I Aloha Hawaii ia lakou alakai. Ke naehana'ōnaehana ninoieo o ka trachea, ka mea, permeate i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Ka mea, e hoʻokaʻakaʻa aʻeʻoe spiracles e hooponopono i ka pele o ka lewa. Ma nā mea kolo, ea-hanu, ha hamama nenoaiu. Ma ka wai ka mea, ua pani, aohe mea nana e spiracles. Ke larvae mea halo o mua.

Air komo ma ka puka, a komo iloko o loko o ka spiracles trachea hoohihia na nā loko. Trachea 'ōlelo lala la tracheal keena a me tracheoles, i ka welau o ka i komo iloko o loko o na keena.

Hemolymph 'Aʻole e komo i loko o ke kinoea kuai, i kēia kūlana ua hana ia e ka trachea. Hemolymph ua EII ni Via ka naau, a ua aia ma luna o ke kua. Ua nana e like muscular kino Tube.

Hemolymph komo i loko o ka Tube ma ka puka, a kolo ana i loko o ke ala e hiki aku, mai ka abdomen a hiki i ke poo. Ma ka kekahiʻaoʻao o ka hemolymph lakou hoao ana kahe 'ana i loko o ke kino lua, a wahī mai a puni ka na nā loko, kūhohonu loa ia me ka mea pono.

Digestive a excretory nenoai

Mākou e hoʻomau i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka mea mawaho' ole o nā mea kolo a me kā lākou na nā loko. Ka digestive'ōnaehana hoʻomaka ku una lua, ma ke kahe ducts o ka salivary glands. Tuha loaʻa nā'ūhū no ka digestion o ka ai. Keia ua ukali ma ka esophagus, iʻohi,'ōpū. I ka naʻau liʻiliʻi Ua maheleia i ekolu pauku ma ke kumu o nā kiwikā a me ka welau a ka anus. Ma kekahi mau laha 'o ka digestive'ōnaehana ma ka adulthood i ole, ua ulu. No ka laʻana,ʻaʻohe mayflies mau a, liʻiliʻi hoemiia. Ka mea, e ola nei i kekahi mau lā, a i ole ai.

Excretory nā loko i loko o nā mea kolo poe Malpighian tubules a me ka hindgut. Malpighian tubules - he Tube aia ma waena o ka waena a me ka hindgut. Neoneo huahana i wae 'moku paia, a e hōʻike' ia i loko o ka hindgut.

Endocrine a reproductive nenoai

Endocrine nā loko pee hormones i loko o ka hemolymph hooponopono ana physiological keʻano o ka hanaʻana e like me pūnao, nā'ōlelo, a me ka hana AL.
Nā mea kolo - dioecious holoholona. Ke reproductive'ōnaehana kikowaena mau kane testes, vas deferens a me ejaculatory leki uea. Female reproductive'ōnaehana ua poe ma na ovaries a me ka oviduct.

Ma penei kekahi semen komo ka wahine seminal wahi a waiho waho ma laila. Penei kekahi hiki hope mai i kekahi mau lā, ka hapanui o na? Ueo koke haʻalele. Iloko o ka hoomoe ana i ka hua i fertilized e sperm a lubricated. Lilo ma ka'ōlelo o nā poʻe koa a pau o ke kino, ai ka wahine paha i 'Imi hanai, a me ka make.

Ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana a me ka pono nā loko

ʻO ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu o nā mea kolo mai ka luna '' ole. Ua Ua i mai o neurons. Ke aʻalolo aeea hiki e hookoaia kino, dendrites a me axon. Ma dendritic keena hookipa i ka lepa, a me ka hoonohonoho hou 'ike ma nā axon.

Ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana ninoieo o ka supra-oesophageal ganglion a me abdominal lei, a he o ganglia. Mau keʻena ma lalo nei kanaka hoʻoponopono i nā hana a pau a nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa. Kaʻike ākea'ōnaehana - he Hawaii a me ka sensory nā aʻalolo e hoʻohui i ka CNS i na nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa. Ke autonomic'ōnaehana ninoieo o kanaka ganglia a hoomalu aku i ka hana o nā loko.

Ma makaukau no 'ike i loko o ka'emi ko kahua.

Ka hihio hōʻike faceted mau maka, he mau mea maka a me larval maka.

i kou lohe ana i ke kai piha i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ke kino. Ka mea, i na poe vibroretseptorami ma na wawae o ka honua nā mea kolo e haha aku i ke kuekueni o ka kūpapakū. Kani ma ka wai, a ua ike i ka lewa fonoretseptorami a me ka Diptera lohe Via dzhonstonovyh kino. tympanal nō ka loa luna 'hui, o ka hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo.

Lapaʻau nāna hoao i ka hooponopono ia ma luna o nā wāwae, ka abdomen, a me ka moʻolelo o ka lua. Tactile nā loko ke aupuni 'ma ke kino. Olfactory nā loko - ma ka antennae.

Kūloko, a mawaho 'ole o nā nā mea kolo hiki e loa okoa i loko o kekahi? Ueo. Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka I Aloha Hawaii a me keʻano o kaʻai. Table "mawaho 'ole o ka insect", i mea i loaʻa mua i loko o keia' atikala, e kōkua systematize i kaʻike hou.