Kursk, 1943. Ke kaua o Kursk

Na kanaka, e hoopoina ana au i ko lakou hala,ʻaʻohe wā e hiki mai. No ia manawa, hai aku la i ka mea kahiko Helene poe akeakamai Plato. Ma ka waena o ka hope ke kenekulia, "he umikumamalima republics-kaikuahine" 'amelika "Great Rus", luku aku la i ke ahulau, na kanaka - fascism. Makai kaua i kaha maha ma ka helu o ka lanakila o ka Red Army, i hiki ke kapaia he kī. Ke theme like o keia 'atikala o kekahi o na kuleana kaua o ke Kaua Honua II - Kursk, kekahi o ka meaʻano nui kaua i ia i ka loea launa' ole hope loa o ko mākou kupuna kāne, a me ka nui-piha loa i ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI Initiative. Mai ia manawa, hoomaka ae la ka Kelemānia occupiers eʻulupā i nā mokuna. Ke purposeful neʻeʻana o fronts i ke Komohana. Mai ia manawa, ua poina na kēia kanaka Kelemānia mea ia 'o ia hoʻi, e "aku i ke East."

mōʻaukala laua

Kursk confrontation ana 05.07.1943 - 23.08.1943, ma ka maoli Lūkini aina, no i kekahi manawa, e paa ana ia i kona pale kaua Grand Prince Alexander Nevsky. Kona wānana aʻoaʻo i Western lanakila (ka mea i hele mai ia iā mākou me ka pahi kaua) e pili ana i ka imminent ka make ana o ka Lūkini hae, e hālāwai me lākou mau pahi kaua kekahi manawa hou i kona ai. Characteristically, ka Kursk mea e like me ka kaua, keia Prince Alexander o ka Teutonic Naita ma Lake Peipus 05.04.1242 makahiki. O ka holo ana, incommensurable kaua, ka laulā a me ka manawa o kēia mau kaua. Akā, i ka ha o na kaua elua i loko o kekahi mea i 'ano like: i ka papa kuhikuhiE koa o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ho'āʻo e hemo mai ma loko o ka waenakonu mea o ke kaua Russian, akā, i paopao mai no nā pūhaka.

Inā, eia nae, he pragmatic hoao i mea kū hoʻokahi Kursk, e olelo aku, he hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo ua like penei: he launaʻole ma luna o ka mōʻaukala (ma mua a ma hope) i ka hana ana a me ka tactical nuʻa no 1 ei o ka mua.

Ke ana o ke kaua

Ke kūpono 'ana o ke Kaiʻula Army ma hope o ke kaua o Stalingrad mai November 1942 a hiki i March 1943 i koho ia e ka pio ana o ka enemi mea o ka 100 mahele, i kāpaeʻia mai o ka North Caucasus, ke Don, ka Volga. Akā, ma ka nānaina o na poho hoʻonuiʻia ko mākouʻaoʻao a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ke kupulau 1943 ke alo stabilized. Map no e kaua ana ma ka waena konu o ka laina e ku ei na kēia kanaka Kelemānia mua, ma ke ala e hiki aku o Hitler ka poe koa, ku protrusions i ke koa i ka inoa o ka Kursk Bulge. 1943rd wai lawe mai i kekahi hoohiamoe ia a hiki i ke alo. Kekahi, aole ia e hele mai, nāʻaoʻaoʻelua boosted amassed poe koa hou e hopu i ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI Initiative.

Makaukau o Nazi Germany

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Stalingrad, Hitler kūkala ka mobilization, i kūpono i ka Wehrmacht ulu nui ma mua o offset lākou mau poho. "Ma lalo o ka pu" ua 9,5 miliona (2.3 miliona a me ke koe nō). 75% o ka loa hakakā-mākaukau lākou poʻe kaua e hana (5.3 miliona kanaka) e noho ana ma luna o ka Soviet-German alo.

Ka Führerʻiʻini e intercept KUMUMANAʻO NUI Initiative i loko o ke kaua. Ka popoiwi wahi, e like me ia, i ka hiki pono ma ka mua pauku, ma ka Kursk Bulge. KUMUMANAʻO NUI hana "Susana," Ua hoʻomohala no ka manao ana o ke kookoo Wehrmacht. Ke kuka pūʻia ana converging i Kursk hahau ana (mai ke kūkulu'ākau mai - mai ka Apana mai o Orel, mai ka hema - mai ka Apana mai o Belgorod). Ka "ipuhao" pela i loaa ai ka Voronezh a me Central fronts.

Ma keia hana ma keia mua hapa 50 e pili ana mahele ana me 16 pahu a me ka motorized, he huina o 0,9 miliona maopopo lāʻau i hahau helu wae koa; 2,7 tausani poʻina nalu; 2,5 tausani mokulele; 10 tausani. Papa wiliʻai a me nā pū.

Kēia pūʻuluʻano nui i ke hoʻololi i ka mea kaua hou: poʻina nalu "Panther" a me ka "Kika" hoao pū "Ferdinand".

Ke kulana o ka Soviet kauoha

I ka makaukau ana o ka Soviet lākou poʻe kaua i ka kaua e e hoomaikaiia mai alakaʻi tālena Deputy Aha luna G. K. Zhukova. He, a me ka Luna o ka General Staff A. M. Vasilevskim Hoike i ka Aha alihi kaua a'ōlelo hoʻohali i Stalin i ka Kursk e ia he kumu nui wā e hiki mai paena o ke kaua, e like me ka pono me ka He kokekau wale wānana i ka hiki ana mai o kaʻenemi ikaika Hoʻohui 'ia.

Ma ka laina mua o ka Nazis kū'ē Voronezh (luna - General Vatutin N. F.) a me ka Central Front (luna - General Rokossovsky KK) i ka huina helu o ka 1.34 miliona kanaka. Lākou armament oia o 19 tausani papa wiliʻai a me nā pū; 3.4 tausani poʻina nalu; 2,5 la. Aircrafts. (E like me 'oe ke ike, a me ka lanakila ua ma luna o lākouʻaoʻao). Huna mai ma hope oʻenemi i helu fronts ke aupuni 'halihali hehi Front (kauoha I. S. Konev). Ua oia o ka pahu, a me ka mokulele elima kahua kaua, inā e kanaka hale.

Hooponopono a me ka ōhumu o keia pae lawe mai kino G. K. Zhukovym a me A. M. Vasilevskim.

Tactical kaua kuka

Ilamuku Zhukov ka manao hilahila i ke kaua ma ka Kursk Salient e i mau kūlana. Mua - pale, i ka lua - ke kūpono '.

Ua Ua lako pono me ka foothold ma ka hohonu, (300 ei hohonu). Ka huina pau loa o kona 'auwaha kaha like kokekau i ka mamao o "Moscow - Vladivostok". He 8 laina mana o ka pale i hoomakaukau ai. Ke AIM o ia ka mea e malu ai i ke hoonawaliwali i ka enemi, e hoonele ia i ke Initiative, like ka nui me ka hiki, e kōkua i ka hana e hele mai ana. Ma ka lua o ka pae ana o na mea kaua hoʻolālā i ka manaʻo o nā kūpono 'ole elua. Ka mua: "Kutuzov" ana, e hoʻopau i ka fascist hui a me ka liberation o ke kulanakauhale o "ʻaeto". Ka lua, "Rumyantsev" e hoopau i ka Belgorod-Kharkov Hoʻohui 'ia occupiers.

Ke'ī mai, ma ka maoli lanakila Red Army kaua o Kursk hang nei Sovietʻaoʻao "o ka pale." No ka mea hana, e like me ke ao ana nā kaʻa mokulele koi 'ia i loko o elua a ekolu manawa i oi i ka helu o ka poʻe hao wale.

shelling

Ua ai ka hana i ka mea kūpono 'Nazi poʻe hao wale iʻikeʻia ma mua. Ma ka Ewa o ka Kelemānia nā kānakaʻenehana hoomaka prodelyvat āhua ma minefields. Soviet frontline manao nakinaki ia kaua, a lawe pio ae la. Mai " 'ōlelo" i kapa i ka manawa: 3-00 o 07.05.1943

Ka muli o ua ke ake, a kūpono: ka 2-20 07/05/1943, ka Ilamuku Rokossovskim K. K. (luna o ka Central Front), a me ka apono ana o ka Hope Aha luna G. K. Zhukova koa frontline mea kaua i alakaʻi kāohi ikaika shelling. Ua ua HOU i loko o ka hakakā nā kaʻa mokulele. E like me ka poʻe komohewa i ke kī haneri o "Katyusha", 600 pū, 460 papa wiliʻai. No ka mea Nazis ka mea, ua he piha kahaha ko oukou naau, i ae la lakou poho.

Wale 4-30 e hōʻuluʻulu hou, ua hiki ke hoopaa ia kona mea kaua e hoomakaukau ai lakou, a me ka 5-30 e lawe i ke kūpono '. Ke kaua o Kursk, i lilo ai.

Ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua

O ka holo ana, i nā mea a pau ke kilokilo mākou pūkaua nui. I 'ana, a me ka nui nā limahana, a me ka manaʻo uku o ka papa e keʻehi Nazis ka hema kuhikuhi, ke kulanakauhaleʻaeto (i i malama i ke kikowaena alo alihikaua - General Vatutin N. F.). I mea, i kahiāuli ke kaua o Kursk ma ka aoao o ka Kelemānia koa ma luna o ka Voronezh Front, mai ke kūkulu'ākau mai. Ma nā poʻe hao wale o General Vatutina Nikolaya Fedorovicha neʻe mau battalions o kaumaha poʻina nalu, a ewalu mau mea i kahikoiaʻi māhele, Māhele o kekahi kaʻa pū, hoʻokahi motorized mahele. Ma ka pae mua ana o ke kaua i ka mua piko pele kauhale Cherkassy (ʻaneʻane razed i ka honua), kahi mau Soviet rifle māhele loko lā ia laua ke hoopaa hoouka elimaʻenemi moku.

ʻO nā kaʻa mokulele o ka Kelemānia kūpono '

ʻoihana nō i kiʻi, keia War Nui. Kurskaya Duga loa i hōʻike ai i ka confrontation ma waena o nā papa kōnane o elua. Ua nana aku la e like me ka Kelemānia kūpono '? Imua o ke alo o ke kaua i neʻe kaumaha lako a pan: 15-20 poʻina nalu "Kika" a me ka hoʻoponopono '-propelled pū "Ferdinand". Ma hope o lākou i ukali ia e kanalima a hiki i ka haneri meakino poʻina nalu "Panther", ukali ma ka infantry. Nākulukulu nō hoʻi, e hōʻuluʻulu hou i ka mea, a puana hoouka. Ino a pau me au hoʻi ia, e hahai ana kekahi i kekahi.

E hahai i ke aʻo o ka maikaʻi-ike kakaolelo koa, Ilamuku o ke Soviet Union, Kumu Zaharova Matveya Vasilevicha, e ka i idealize hoomalu mai ia kakou hāpana o 1943, e kau mai objectively.

Mākou i ke kamailio e pili ana i na nā kaʻa mokulele o ka German pahu kaua. Kurskaya Duga (ka mea e e 'ike) i hōʻike ai i ke akamai o Colonel-General Hermann Hoth, oia "Iudaio", ina au i olelo pela no ka poʻina nalu, ua wahahee kona 4th poe koa i loko o ke kaua. I ka Ia manawa, ko makou 40th koa me 237 pahu poʻina nalu, loa i hoʻolako pono me ka mea kaua (35.4 iniha, no 1 km), ma lalo o ke kauoha o General Kirilla Semenovicha Moskalenko ua oi nui ma ka hema, 'o ia hoʻi, mai o ka hana. Kue mau Gotu 6th kiai Army (luna koa IM Chistyakov) i ka nuʻa o nā pū ma luna o 1 ei - 24,4 me 135 pahu poʻina nalu. ʻano nui no ka mea 6th Army, i ka mana nui, papa hopena o Army Group "South", kona kime i ka loa i ka manawaleʻa iā strategist Wehrmacht Erich av Manstein. (Ma ke ala, i kēia kanaka i kekahi o na mau mea mau ua kūkākūkāʻia no ka kou akamai a me nā kaʻa mokulele o Adolf Hitler, no ka i loko o ka makahiki 1944, ma ka mea, hookuu aku la ia ia i).

Pahu kaua o Prokhorovka

Ma ka papa pilikia kulana, e hoʻopau i ka wanaao, i kau i hana i ka Army Red ke kaʻakālai me ke koe: 5th kiai pahu Army (luna koa Rotmistrov PA) a me ka 5th kiai Army (luna koa Zhadov A. S.)

I ka manawa kūpono o ka pūhaka kaua Soviet pahu koa i loko o ke kauhale o Prokhorovka wahi mua noʻonoʻo ma ka German Nui Staff. No laila, i ka papa 'Totenkopf "a me" Ua hoʻololi imperial "e hoʻokani olelo i ka 90 ⁰ - no ka hookui poo-i a me ka poe koa o General Rotmistrova Pavla Alekseevicha.

Poʻina nalu ma luna o ka Kursk Bulge: ma kaʻaoʻao Kelemānia i loko o ke kaua, he 700 hakakā kaa, a me kā mākou - 850. ke kilakila a me ka weliweli kiʻi. E like me hoʻomanaʻo aʻela ia e hoike, i ka halulu ua mea i ke koko kahe mai o kona mau pepeiao. E pana aku i ka holo ana, i a me ka hina no ka hale kiaʻi. Ma ka loaʻa'an mai o ka hope o ka enemi, a ho'āʻo i ke ahi ma ka poʻina nalu, mai a ka poʻina nalu uwila lama. Tankers ua like ina ma ka moe - ola, ka mea, he ai i ke kaua. E emi hope, ka mea, ua hiki ole i ka hūnā.

Red Army i loko o ke kaua o Prokhorovka, ae hōʻike mai heroism,ʻaʻole iʻae aku i ka lilo nui, aole ka Kelemānia. 'Ana i kūpono 18 a me 29 Panzer mau pūʻali i luku he kanahiku pakeneka.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka lilo ana o na fronts i loko o ke kaua o Kursk, ka Voronezh, hehi a me Central fronts nalowale 177,8 tausani kanaka, a me nui ma mua o 70 tausani - .. Make Loa. Voronezh Front no hoi i "hacked" ka hohonu holoʻokoʻa. E like me ka ike i loaa ma ka moʻolelo, Kelemānia ka pōʻino nui i uuku oi ma mua o 20% o kāua.

Ka lua o ke kahua o ka hana

Kemu 35 ei, a loaa iho nui ka pōʻino, ka ke Kelemānia a ike ia e malama i ka lanakila foothold ke ole, a hoomaka ae la i ke kulanakauhale 16.07.1943 lohi hao wale. Voronezh a hehi Fronts neʻe i loko o ka positional kaua, a hoihoi hou ia i ka mua laina. Ke General Staff a me ka lākiō o (mākou pono hookupu) maalea loaa i ka "manawa o ka oiaio", a komo aku la i loko o ka hookoe kaua.

Koke na kēia kanaka Kelemānia "hou" 08/03/1943 Bryansk Front Ua hoʻoneʻe i ke kūpono ', kākoʻoʻia koa, mai ka pūhaka o ka hehi a me Central fronts. 08/05/1943, ma hope o kaumaha kaua o ka Bryansk Front i hookuuia Orel a me Belgorod hehi. Ke liberation o Kharkiv 23.08.1943 Kursk hana i pau. Map keia kaua kikowaena kūlana pale pae (05-23.07.1943 g); Orlovskuyu hana ( "Kutuzov") 12.07-18.08.1943 g.; Belgorod-Kharkov hana ( "Rumyantsev") o 03-23.08.1943

ka hopena

Ma hope iho o ka lanakila o ka Red Army ma ka Wehrmacht i loko o ke kaua o Kursk KUMUMANAʻO NUI Initiative hope i hooholoia i ka Red Army. No laila, ua kapaʻia kēia kaua he popoiwi wahi i loko o ke Kaua Honua II.

O ka holo ana, e hoouka aku i ka enemi ma ka pae mua o ka hana ua naaupo (ina o ka mea e malu ai mākou i waiho wale aku no i ka lilo ana o kekahi i ka elima, i makemake ka mea, e ma luna o ka hanana?!). I ka Ia manawa Soviet koa ma ke kahua o ke kaua, ua hōʻikeʻoiaʻiʻo heroism. 100 000 kanaka i ua i hookoia kauoha, a mau mekala, a me 180 o ia i i hookoia ka Hero o ka Soviet Union ka kiʻekiʻe.

I ko kakou manawa, i ka lā o kona puka - August 23 - makahiki kō e noho ana i ka aina e like me ka Lā o koa nani o Rusia.