Laʻau heluna palapala

Ke kumu waiwai o ka maʻi palū pathogen a me ki ina hana like o ka 'ike.

Ke causative Agena o ka maʻi palū pili i ka orthomyxovirus ohana, i mua kaʻawale ma ka makahiki 1933 ma ka Pelekāne noiʻi WS Smith, SN Andrewes, PP Laidlaw ma intranasal keʻokeʻo ferrets i wae 'mea i loaa mai, mai nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi palū.

I ka 1940, T. Fransis a me T. P. Maqill kū kaʻawale hōʻike 'maʻi palū mea hoʻomaʻi, a ma ka helu ana i liluwelo waiwai okoa mai ka mea laʻa i loko o ka makahiki 1933, a ma ka makahiki 1947,, R. M. Taylor loaʻa haemagglutinating Agena - "ke kanana nei 1233 ", hōʻike 'ano maʻi palū mea hoʻomaʻi, akā, okoa ia mai na nā mea hoʻomaʻi kaʻawale ma ka makahiki 1933 a me ka 1940. Mau nā mea hoʻomaʻi i hōʻike 'ia ma ka Roma palapala o ka Hawaiʻi: A, B, C a me kēlā mea palapala hōʻoia no me he kuokoa serotype.

Ka ohana orthomyxovirus wahi wale maʻi palū nā mea hoʻomaʻi wehewehe aku ma ke alo o ka pā iwi a me ka RNA ka maʻiʻo ma ke spherical nucleocapsid. Ka mawaho mea hoʻomaʻi wahī glycoprotein ninoieo o ka 'ole (hemagglutinin - neyraminidazy- H a me N), e kauoha ana i ka infectious a me ka antigenic waiwai o ka mea hoʻomaʻi. 'ōewe o ka maʻi palū mea hoʻomaʻi ua kūkulu o ka 8 Hoʻohana o hookahi-ili, i ke anawaena o ka spherical pā ribonucleoprotein (RNP) ma ka laulā 9 HI. Okoa nā mea hoʻomaʻi A, B, C RNP antigen, a 'aʻole i kela kapa o ka mea i waena o-type reactions.

Ua ua manawa ike i ka orthomyxovirus ohana he o mau genera: maʻi palū mea hoʻomaʻi, i nā nā mea hoʻomaʻi A a me B, a conditionally maʻi palū mea hoʻomaʻi (S. Ya Gaydamovich, 1982.).

A mea hoʻomaʻi poe ma kekahi mau serotypes a me antigenic Lolina, a oko ka haku mele 'ana a me ka hemagglutinin neuraminidase. Kēia mea hoʻomaʻi iho mailoko o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. E like me ka mea hou Mea Maluna (1980) A mea hoʻomaʻi hemagglutininʻAno numerals i haawi mai ai: 1 i A ME a me neuraminidase mai 1 a hiki i 8. hemagglutinin 1, 2, 3, NA 1, 2 wehewehe akuʻano nui mea hoʻomaʻi A kanaka a me nā 'ano o ka' ilikai antigens ( H, a me ka N1) 'akomi i loko o nā mea hoʻomaʻi i iho mailoko o na holoholona (lio, puaʻa, holoholona, monkeys, ilio, a me kekahi mau laha' o nā manu).

Currently, ma ka hōʻikeʻano o ka maʻi palū A nā mea hoʻomaʻi pono hōʻike i ke 'ano o ka hemagglutinin a me ka neuraminidase, a me kā lākou mau designations mai i mau hoʻopili like i ka nomenclature 1971 Table. 1 hōʻike i ka hou designations hemagglutinin a me ka neuraminidase maʻi palū mea hoʻomaʻi ia i loko o ka makahiki 1980, ma ka like ana me ka ia. Kanaka haemagglutinin ¶, hemagglutinin H1 a me ka puaa NSw1 hui ma hemagglutinin H1, hemagglutinin a me kanaka NT hemagglutinin lio a me nā manuʻaiʻia (HAV Neq 2 a me 7) -to hemagglutinin NC. AA Smorodintsev ¶ AL (1981) ua manaoia 'ino ai e hui pu iho la kanaka a me ka holoholona glycoproteins i loko o hoʻokahi serotype.

Kekahi 'elele o ka' ano o ka maʻi palū mea hoʻomaʻi mea he mea hoʻomaʻi, i ku a 1979 ma ke kaʻawale genus B serotypes i loko o ka mea hoʻomaʻi malaila. Aia i antigenic Lolina loko serotype.

Rode maʻi palū mea hoʻomaʻi G ho C mea hoʻomaʻi nā mea hoʻomaʻi o keia genus liʻiliʻi loa? Anoee o nā mea a pau o kaʻohana orthomyxovirus. MEA Expert Group (W. Dowdle, F. Davenport, N. Fukum, 1975) komo pū kēia mea hoʻomaʻi like me ka "hoʻoponopono lāhui" i loko o kēia 'ohana. A ano hiʻona o ka mea hoʻomaʻi o ke alo o ka glycoprotein i loko o ka pā iwi. E like me kekahi hapa o ka mea hoʻomaʻi mea i ka'ūhū neuraminidase, he retseptororazrushayuschy'ūhū (RRE), oo Otley-aspirants mai ike mea hoʻomaʻi neuraminidase. Ka mea hoʻomaʻi i ka haʻahaʻa ioeaie no ka hoʻololiʻana i ka chick embryo keena, a likeʻole aeea hana 'ike loea. Ke amnion chick embryo e hoʻomōhala ana i ia i ka wela o ka 33 ° C no 3-4 lā o incubation, ka ula koko aeee mai i agglutinate Guinea puaa, poorly adsorbed ma luna o ka ili o ka moa erythrocyte. E pale i ka kokololio elution o ka mea hoʻomaʻi me ka erythrocyte luna, ia mea e pono serological ho'āʻo ma hemagglutination waiho ma haʻahaʻa ana wela.

Inā A a me B nā mea hoʻomaʻi wehewehe aku ma ka loli antigenic 'ole o ka holo ma ka vivo, no ka mea hoʻomaʻi antigenic oko a i ole i ua kaha. Hoolaa i ka makahiki 1947,, 1974, 1977. nā mea hoʻomaʻi'ālike.

Pono koho laʻau heluna palapala (lekform), e kōkuaʻoe e Makuakane me keʻano o ka pathogens maʻi palū. Ka mea i koho laʻau heluna palapala, e kōkuaʻoe wale ina mea ua koho 'ke kauka, i kou iho.