Life ma Rusia i loko o 90 makahiki. 90 makahiki o ka iwakālua kenekulia: ka mōʻaukala o Rusia

Ua pena kēlā me kēiaʻumi makahiki o ka XX kenekulia i loko o ka maka o ka mea maʻamau kupa kekahi o kona kala like 'ole, shimmeringʻano o nā waihoʻoluʻu. He iwakalua a he kanakolu no kekahi - he elima-makahiki manawa, ohohia, a Melia ea hele, no ka 'ē aʻe ka mea, ua hoomaluia e ka papakaukau repression. Forties rhyme me ka "pohaku", e pena mea keʻokeʻo, a oho lole wili kahua Ho 'Oponopono, ʻeleʻele uahi a me ka alani lapalapa ahi e aa ana kulanakauhale. Kanalima - wahine puʻupaʻa, a me ka Makuahine. Na sixties - he noho malie, akā,ʻaʻole i ka poe waiwai ke ola. Seventies - papa manamana, nā pōhaku lepo flared'ahina, Hippies, a me ka moe kipi. Eighties - sneakers shtany- "maia" a me ka "Felicita". A laila, i ke no, hoomaka ae la ke ola i loko o Rusia. Ma na 90s ka mea, ua i maʻalahi ke ola. A ma luna o lākou, a hoʻi i kāpiliʻia.

illusions

Makahiki aponoia helu, mai ka makahiki mua. No ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 1970 la nā lā hoʻi i ka sixties. No laila, ka mea mua o keia ai i-pīhoihoi au hou o ka makahiki o ka palaho (ole disintegration) o ka Soviet Union. Ma hope o ka hiki ana ma August 1991,ʻaʻole e pili ana i glavenstvuyusche-e alakai kūlana o ka CPSU, a me ka olelo ana, oia ke hele. Ua lilo i mea hiki e pahee no ka hāʻuleʻana i ka makeke, i mea ano no na mea he nui o ko ke ao nei nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai ma hope o ka'opi o ka Socialist'ōnaehana (e like me China). Akā, kokoke i kekahi i makemake ai. People koi loli - a koke. Life ma Rusia i loko o 90 makahiki, hoomaka ae la me ka illusion ana ia mea e pono ia e ka meaʻuʻukuʻanuʻu, a me ke aupuni, e hoʻomaka e noho like me ka ia leo hone, me pono me ka thriving West, a lilo i kumu hoʻohālike no ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka i loko o nā mea a pau. Mau noonoo wale i ka hohonu o ka luahohonu a moe mua. Ua manao i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ana "e fool wale a puni", kōkua'ōlelo aʻo a me ke kālā, a me ka poʻe Lūkini e hui i kekahi o na "makaainana lāhui kanaka", e holo ana i loko o pipiʻi kaa, e noho ana i loko o kekahi nalu, 'ihiʻihi e aahu kapa, a holo a puni ka honua. E like me ka mea hana, akā,ʻaʻole a pau.

kŰia

Instantaneous hoʻololi i ka market hoʻokele waiwai ua kena ae la hawewe (The kŰia Eng.). Kēia manaʻoʻike kŰia i kapaia "kŰia Inc", akā, i mea e hana i ka e olaʻi kaʻina. Hookuuia oia kumukūʻai i loko o 90 makahiki i hoomaka ai e ulu mau manawa ma mua o ka loaa loa o ka heluna kanaka. Sberbank hoʻokomo kālā lilo o ia mau mea, e pili ana i ia manawa olelo aku nei au ia mea, "nalowale", akā, i nā kānāwai o ka mālama o ka mea a me ka hana i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai. ʻAʻohe mea nalo, a me ke kala i wale hoʻololi lākou mau mea nona. Akā, i ka passbook mea,ʻaʻole i kaupalena 'ia: ke kauwela o 1992 ka privatization o nā mea a pau lehulehu waiwai. Koi ', ke kaʻina i ua papahana like me ka giveaway umi-E kaha makau i, no ka i formally hiki kuai mahele o ka poʻe. I mea, keia iaoia poino mai ka nui i kina. A-kapaia "palapala" massively kūʻai mai e ka poʻe hoʻi i ke kālā no ka mea, a me ka manawa kūpono, a me nā hale hana koke ia, like aina a me nā nāʻoihana o ka Soviet hooponopono hala i loko o nā lima. hou i nā hana a me nā kauwa loaʻa kekahi mea. Ua i mai kahaha ko oukou naau i kekahi.

pili aupuni hoʻololi

I ka makahiki 1991, na correspondents American i loko o ka oihana o ke kahiko Peresidena o ka Soviet Union (ma ia manawa mua timidly holoiʻia) hoikeia olioli ma luna o ka lanakila maluna iho o ka "ino aupuni a" me ka leo o ka "Wow!" A like exclamations. Ka mea, he kumu e manaoio ai i ke ao nei ka wale counterweight iā 'Amelika dominance planetary ana eliminated. Lakou i manaoio aku i ka Soviet Union a me Rusia e koke nalo mai ka palapala, e mahaeʻana i loko o manageable apana mawaho na kanaka] demoralized poe palaualelo. Oiai ka hapanui o na kanaka o ka RSFSR (koe wale Chechnya a me Tatarstan) ua hoike i ka makemake e noho ma ka like ana, luku LIKE i ua malamaia he maopopo. Wahi luluʻikepili Rusia ma na 90s i olelo ia e Pelekikena Yeltsin i ke kahea mua autonomies lawe like ka nui o kona kūʻokoʻa 'ana e like me ka mea, e makemake.

Ua hiki ke huki ma ka loa ardent kākoʻo iā ia, o ka separatist ke kuʻikahi, Gloomy realities. I ka pana o nā pū poʻina nalu hale kiaʻi hale o ka Aha Council (October 1993), nā mōhai nui, hopu i nāʻelele a me nā kumu e hoʻonui ai i ka uluʻana o ka aupuni a ka lehulehu, aole ia e haawi ala i kekahi kumu ma ka aoao o na hoa. Ma hope i ka mea i koi 'ka honua i ke Kumukanawai o ka Russian Hui, ano laulā, me kaʻoluʻolu kikokikona, akā, e kau i na kūmau o ke kānāwai ma luna o ke aupuni pono. Oh, a me ka hale kanawai ua manawa haku o nā keʻena, ai ka Hui Aha a me State Duma. He loa kekahi.

moʻomeheu

Mea e like ai characterizes ka lewa o ka mea ana nou, e like me ka uhane ola o Rusia. Ma ka makahiki 90 o ka hoʻolako 'ia o ke aupuni no ka moʻomeheu papahana, ua curtailed, kahi o ka ia, he ākea ke kākoʻo. Notorious "ulaula nā lakeke" i loko o ka mō'ī, ma waena o ka pana a me ke olonā wāwae o ko lākou mau dala ano anao? Aou no ka papahana e hālāwai me lākou mau ho'āʻo iho au, a oiaio loli i ka pono o ka ho film, mele, moʻokalaleo, keaka, a hiki pena. He hoʻomaka i ka outflow o loea poe hana ma kahi e aku ma ka huli ana i ke ola maikaʻi. Eia naʻe, ku okoa ana o ka 'aoʻao o ua he maikaʻiʻaoʻao. Nā nā paʻi huaʻike ihola i ka mea e olaʻi kūlana o ka hoomana i mau, a Kristiano i ka pau, i ka hana o ka hou ekalesia. Kekahi Artists (N. Mikhalkov, Vladimir Todorovski, N. Tsiskaridze, Safronov, Shilov) contrived i keia pilikia manawa e ho okumu oiaio masterpieces.

chechnya

Ka hooulu ana o Rusia ma na 90s i huikau e nui-unahiʻole, i na koa kaua. I ka makahiki 1992, i ke Aupuni Lepupalika o Tatarstan i makemake ole e ike ia lakou iho e like me ka hapa o ka nohona ma ke aupuni pekelala aupuni, akā, i ke kue i kauoha aku e mālama i loko o ka maluhia? Aieao. I ole ia ka mea i hiki mai ai me Chechnya. An hoao e hoʻoponopono i ke kahe ma ka ikaika huli i loko o ka pōʻino ma luna o ke aupuni me ka unahiʻole, pu ma ka hana i koe o ka weliweli, mea pani-pio a me ka hakaka. I ka mea, ma ke kahua mua o ke kaua Rusia i hee, ike ia hoʻopaʻa pepa paʻi kiʻi i loko o 1996 i ka hopena o ka Khasavyurt ae like ana. Keia mea, hoʻoikaika ihola oni ana i haawi wale i ka? Aiaiiuie hoopai, me ka mau, hooweliweli i ke kahua, e hele i loko o ka kipi pae. Wale nō i loko o ka hopeʻumi makahiki i loko o ka lua o ka pae ana o ka oihana hana, a ma hope o akamai mau ana e hoʻokele i ka hoʻopau i ka pilikia o ka'opi o ka aina.

'aoʻao o ke ola

"Pluralism" o ka manawa ma hope o ka abolition o ka monopoly o ka Communist Party. Rusia ma ka 90s o ka 20th kenekulia lilo i nunui-aoao aupuni. Ka loa Popular ole-hui i ka hoʻolālā i i waho ma ka aina, i mai la i ka LDPR (Liberal Democrats), ka Communist Party (ka Communists), "Yabloko" (koi no ka waiwai, i ke kuai hoʻokele waiwai, a me ka dukima o ka aupuni a ka lehulehu), "Our Home - Rusia" (Chernomyrdin me pelupelu ia "hale" poho, embodies ka oiaio kālā waiwai). Kekahi i ka "kemokalaka Choice" Gaydar, "e i" (e like me ka inoa hoʻohuʻu - i ke ku pono ana o ka hema) a me nā ōlaʻi i ka 'aoʻao. Ka mea, ua hui pu, hoʻokaʻawaleʻia, clashed a ua kūkākūkāʻia, akā, ma ka mau, nana uuku okoa mai kekahi i kekahi, aole nae mahi ' kālai'āina ola i loko o Rusia ma na 90s. A pau, ua olelo mai ia, e iho koke ana e ola. Na kanaka i i manaoio.

Koho-96

I ka hana o ka kālai'āina mea e ho okumu i ka illusion i ia mea okoa mai ka maoli statesman, akā, i ka mea ia manawa, i like loa me ka manaʻoe kūkulu he mea kuhikuhi. Hana o ka pilikia makapō kiʻi o ka punahele ano o ka poe e imi ana, e loaʻa iā ia kekahiʻuhane, Emotions a me ka mahalo koho balota. Ka Communist Party skilfully exploited ka nostalgic naʻau i loko, idealized Soviet ola. Ma Rusia ma na 90s loa ai ka laula papa o ka heluna kanaka, e hoomanao i ka mea maikaʻi o nā manawa, i ka wa ua ole kaua, ma laila i ai ua e ninau o ka noho ola me ia mea la aole noʻaʻole loaʻaʻoihana, a no laila, ma luna o. N. Communist Party alakaʻi Gennady Zyuganov, ka mea i hai mua mai i ka hoʻi i kēia, au i na Iudaio a pau, e lilo i pelekikena o Rusia. Oddly lawa, ka mea i hiki mai ana. ʻae nō hoʻi, kanaka nae ike i ka hoi ana a hiki i ka Socialist'ōnaehana nō e ole. Point o ole hoʻi e hala. Akā, na ke koho ana, he hana keaka.

Ka pau 'ana o nā nineties

Relive na nineties ma Rusia a me nā mea kahiko Soviet'āina, ka mea, ua paakiki, a me ka mea i hiki ia lakou a pau. Akā, ma neia hope aku welau. Ua hiki i ka pau, a me ka au o Yeltsin, a me ia mea maikai i ka loli o ka papa i wahi me ka hookahe koko ana, me ka pu e kekahi o ka weliweli me ka hakaka, i mea ai nui i loko o mākou mōʻaukala. Ma hope o ka lōʻihi stagnation hoomaka ae la e hoola, aka, hopohopo, a me ka lohi, me ka hoʻokele waiwai, moʻomeheu a me ka uhane ola. Rusia i loko o 90 makahiki la loa eha a me ka pilikia no ka mea a pau ana meaola ka laʻau koʻokoʻo, akā, i ka aina i ku e aku la ia, aole nae i ole complications. Ke Akua makemake, e haʻawina no ka wā e hiki mai.