Lobbying - He aha ka keia? Technology a me ka ano o ka lobbying

Lobbying - mea he integral hapa o kēia manaʻo politika a me ka hoʻokele waiwai ke ola. He aha nō kona kumu, a me nā 'ano hopena kūkākūkā i loko o kēia' atikala.

I ka manaʻo o ka lobbying

Ke kau lobbying - ua aie mai o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia manaʻo. Ua ai kona inoa mai ka puka o ka hale - hoʻopaipai, a me ke ano nui o ia hoʻi, "hoʻopaipai". I mea kahi kālai'āina e hele mai i loko o hui 'ana me nā malihini, e hiki ke ike e pili ana i kou pomaikai, a huli Kau waihona. Ma ka pili aupuni'ōnaehana ma ka lobbying mea maʻa mau i hoomaopopoʻano papa hana o ka hana ana o parliamentarians me ka manao ana i ka hookamaia paha rejection o ka pono kanawai.

Ma ka broadest ano o ka neʻeʻana ikeia Chartists (poe hana, kākoʻo i ka hookamaia o ka Palapala) ma 'Enelani hiki ke kapa i lobbying, akā, me ka mea wale nō likeʻole i ka loio i puʻe ma o ka' elele mana o ka lehulehu manao mea ole wale maʻamau akā, i pono. Eia naʻe,ʻo kekahi mauʻano o ka lobbying a māhuahua ma ka o kēia au nei, a e ho'ākāka 'ia me ka hoino pu, a karaima ole i ke Akua. Ma waho lobbying ua nunui hoʻonuiʻia aku ke kahua o ka hana, e hookomo ma ka laulā o ka pono o ka elele o nā ka hooko, a me ka Ahahookolokolo.

Ke kumu no ka lobbying

Paipai a me ka palekana o ka pono o kekahi oicyenoaaiiie hui i loko o ka hale kanawai aie i ka mea i ka mahuahua reliance ma luna o ke aupuni hooholo-ana, hoʻomōhala kū i ke au, a kākoʻo i kela a me nā hana i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai.

Lobbying - kēia mea,ʻaʻole he hou kŰia. Ua ua ike i ka mea ulu ma 'Enelani mau kenekulia aku nei. I kēia lā, i loko o na aina - ia mea he kupono haʻawina, i komo i loko o nā hookahi 'Oihana, a me ka mea a pau huakai. Lakou lapaau ana i ka pae ana o nā mea hoʻopukapuka kālā poe i lawe i'ōlelo aʻo a me ka hookupaa ana me ka poeikohoia o ka hooko a me ka Hale lālā.

pololei lobbying

Na lobbying i kūpono hiki ke maheleia i nui nā pūʻulu elua. Ka mua o ka pololei aoao o oicyenoaaiiie pono hoʻomalu ma ala, mau hoa launa me nā loea kālai'āina. Ua hiki e ka halawai a kipa politician onipaa no, kapa, nā hōʻike,? Iecaianoaaiiie, hui o ka pāʻoihana halawai, symposia, e hālāwai kūkā ai o kela ano keia ano.

Direct lobbying ua lawe mai ma ka EYI o kekahi 'ike e pono koi' Aha'ōlelo e ae paha rejection o ka pono loio i hana, keia hookolokolo ana a me ka noiʻi. Ma kēia hihia, na ka papa kuhikuhiE hana - e hoohuli nā loea kālai'āina ma ka aoao me ke kōkua o ke kaumaha manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē, a kiʻi kā lākou kākoʻo ma ke ano o kekahi aupuni hoʻoholo, a i kūkulu 'ia.

ʻauhau'ēʻaʻe ano o ka lobbying

Akä naÿe i ka pololei lobbying,ʻauhau'ēʻaʻe ia lŘlŘ kahiko o ka'āina, ae ho'āʻo ana pilikino hui 'ana me nā nā loea kālai'āina akau. No kona manaʻo pono e ole emi professionalism, Ka Ikepili o ka pili aupuni a me ka-yeiiiie?. Ka mua uwao i loko o kēiaʻano o ka haʻawina, a papa, i ka ahakanaka. He mea känalua 'ka Media ua kapaia ka ha o ka lālā o ke aupuni. Kūkākūkā o ka 'ike i loko o ma ka nuipa Media i ka aoao pololei e loli ai kuhikuhi ma lehulehu manao, a ho okumu i lehulehu ike paka i. No laila, he mea ka ia he mea ulu i loko o ka puʻe ma luna o nā loea kālai'āina e kū ai i ka maikaʻi, i nā hualoaʻa. Kēia ia lŘlŘ kahiko o ka'āina, me ka pololei puʻe 'ole ka hilinaʻi. Makaainana lobbying - keia hulina no allies o ka poe i pili ma ka hope o ka hihia a me ke kōkua ma ka hoohalike ana i na pono, e pili ana ka nohona i ka hoʻolālā, etc. Ma ke West, lobbying ua noʻonoʻo me ka pololei hapa o kivila ke kaiāulu mea i malama i ka lehulehu hoopanee i ka moku'āina a me ka imi .. nā concessions.

malu lobbying

A pau o ka luna ua wehewehe aku ma ka kinona, ma ka mea o ka i ka pono, ka mana ma ka moku'āina lobbying. 'O kēia ka ike maopopo a me a ka Company i hoolauleaia, a hiki aʻo mai ia i ka hana kālā.

Akā, he mau ki ina hana like ka nānā 'ana ma o ka hoʻohana' ana o ke karaima ki ina hana like. Broadly olelo ana, ua kapaia ka mea, malu. O nā blackmail, olelo hooweliweli, a me ka puʻe, o ka papa, i ka palaho. Ua hiki e manao ai, ua kūkuluʻia ka makaainana lobbyism ma ka mana o ka olelo malimali, a me ka malu ma luna o coercion a pomaikai. Hekikai no e hoʻomaopopo i ka la mahope ua pāpā 'ia ma ke kanawai. I ka maoli ola, nae paakiki e ike i kahi o ka laina ma waena o hewa a me ka kūpono no lobbying. No ka laʻana, i loko o kekahi mau Hawaii o North America, lobbyists pono kauoha aku? Aaeno ko lakou mau koi. Kēia mäliko e leie aku oe i ka mana i ka hiki aoao o ka lawe 'ana i puʻe i pili kalai aupuni mau hoa paio.

Hihia "Lockheed"

Hihia "Lockheed" o kekahi o ka loa kiʻekiʻe-Profile hihia nei, e hoike ana i ka 'ino ai lobbying. He aha ka mea? Kēia Temepela pili me ke kuai ana o Iapana aupuni moku o ka hui 'Amelika "Lockheed". E noa ka mea kiko'î a me ka maluhia kiko'î mea me ka nui loa emi iki mahope o ke Europa, akā, me ko lakou waiwai e lilo aku i " 'Eulopa"ʻilikai. No ke aha la i ua hele na Kepani ia ia i ka ino loaʻoe? I ka 1976, ua lilo aku kūʻiʻo hoike nui lāua i ke kīpē i ka mana i loko o Iapana, ka mea i hai mai i ka huina o elua miliona dala. I ka hewa o ka palaho i i imua e ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina o Japan Tanaka Aupuni. He Ua hoahewa ia ia ma 1983, akā,ʻo ia, ua koke kona ho'āʻo i ka hoopii ia. Ka a pau kaʻina hana ana a hiki i ka make ana o ka mea i hoʻohuoi nui, i mea, a hiki i ke kakahiaka nui 90-ies o ka hope kenekulia. Hapanui hana hoihoi mea i Tanaka lōʻihi ma hope o ka 'āhewa' ana kākou i loko o pili kalai aupuni hana. Kēia hana 'ua i kumu hoohalike no ka pono o ka encyclopaedic malu lobbying hana i loko o ka echelons maluna o ka mana.

HA

Kekahi māhele o ka HA-hana mea kuleana ole wale no ke kamaʻilio me ke kaiāulu i loko o ka broadest hoohalike, akā, no hoi no ka paa o ka launa ana me na Aupuni ma kekahi mau pae a me na lala o ke aupuni. Na hana o ka ai-kapa GR-man- akia akin i ka lobbying. Ka mea, e hoʻolālā ai halawai me nā kānaka, i ka nohona kiʻi o ka pāʻoihana papahana o kekahi mau hui. A, o ka papa, komo i loko o ke koho paipai aʻo kai eʻe, hatching pīhoihoi manao no ka lōʻihi-manawa ke alu like 'ana me ka politician. He nui ka poe nui Lūkini poʻe ma hope o ka hapalua like-90s hoomaka ae la e hoonohonoho i na oihana i loko o ko lākou poʻe kaua. Ma Europa aina kekahi, ua i hoʻohana 'ia i ka makahiki "lobbyist" no ka mea, o ka hopena maikaʻi connotation o ka lehulehu pokole. Akā, he mea paleʻana ma loko o ka HA ke kanaka a me ka lobbyist.

Ke koena unuhi i loko o nā hana o lobbyists a me GR-man- akia

Lobbyist i loko o ka mea o kēia au nei - ka "noa artist". Ma keia la oia i kekahi, mai ka GR-manakia, e hana ana ma luna o kekahi poe, a uku. Kona uku mea nui kiekie ae, e like me ka mea i he ano o ka uku a me ka pakeneka o ka papapau pu na hana. A lobbyist hiki ke hana me kekahi mau nā mea kūʻai mai, i Nāna e koho i wale a me ka manakia i malama wale i ka pono o kona kai eʻe. Akā, i ka mea nui likeʻole, mai ka lobbyist oihana pili a me ka like loa o ka pili aupuniʻano o ko lākou mau hanana. e lawe HA kanaka no hoi ma ka mua wahi? aneiai hana mai.

kekahi hopena a

Lobbying - mea he palahalaha manaʻo, i keia la ua ike like me ka pili aupuniʻano papa hana, kona hana mea e hookupaa aku i ka pilina o kekahi pāʻoihana hale a me ka mana i mea e paipai a me ka mālama i ka pono o oicyenoaaiiie nā pūʻulu.

Lobbying mea i 'ano like me na mea he nui ke kālā noʻoihana kahuna, e like me Point no aupuni ana a lehulehu ana manakia. I mea no ke aha la he mea haumia hilahila ia e pili ana i ka maʻiʻo o keia makahiki. Nā townsfolk hoʻomaopopo ia e like me ka 'uao, i kekahi mea akin i ka hana o ke kakaolelo. Kekahi poe akamai iʻike i kēia 'ano o ka ha awina me kekahi o ka' ike loea hou Oihana o na Aina e (HA). Eia naʻe, ka hapanui noiʻi 'aelike ma ka i Kekahi Mau' o lobbying me he okoa haʻawina, ka oi aku ma ke kuai hoʻokele waiwai a me ka capitalism. Big pāʻoihana a me ka poe hoihoi i ka kukulu ana i na ano laulea me nā loea kālai'āina, e like me ka mea hope me ia.

E hōʻuluʻulu: ka hoʻopaipai - He aha ka mea? Ae pono, elua-ala kalepa ae la lakou i kekahi i kekahi. Lobbyists wale hana like intermediaries, ka poʻe i kōkua i loaʻa pono ole lepo, a me ka hookupaa hui 'ana.