Ma kekahi kulanakauhale he mea he kia hoʻomanaʻo no Dzerzhinsky. Hoihoi hou ia ana mai o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Dzerzhinsky ma ka Ewa, paena ma Moscow

Wale i kekahi mau mahina i hala mai ka hoi ana mai o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i FE Dzerzhinsky ma Lubyanka Square. Mau hoa a me nā kākoʻo o keia olelo hooholo o na Aupuni i ka huapalapala nui. I mea e maopopo i nā kumu no ia o ka puahiohio lehulehu naoh, ho'āʻo i ke kūlana o ke kanaka i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke Iron Felix USSR i maopopo.

Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky: Kawaihae

Ke statesman kaulana o ka Soviet au hou, hoomaka ae la i kona 'oihana i loko o ka ohana o ka pae gentry - Edward Iosifovicha Dzerzhinsky e lawelawe nei ke kumu o ka kūloko kula. Ka inoa o ka Soviet Komikina - Pelika - Roma translates like "hauʻoli". A ka mea, Ua haawiia mai i ke keiki no ka mea i kona makuwahine, e haule no kekahi mau lā ma mua o ka hānauʻana o ka palaleha 'ana ma o ka wehe'ōpao,ʻaʻole wale nō i ole e uhai ia iho, akā, no hoi ua hiki ke hoomalu i kona keiki mai ka hewa.

Dzerzhinsk 'ohana i noho ai ka waiwai ke ola. Noho i ka 1882 i ke poo o ka ohana i make ai o tuberculosis, ka makuahine i i hookahi-handedly lawe mai i eiwa keiki, o ka makahiapo o ka poe ma ia manawa ua umikumamalua o kona mau makahiki, a me ka muli loa - pono o ka makahiki, a me ka hapalua.

I loko nō a pau kēia mau pilikia, Feliks Edmundovich i ka manawa kūpono e noiʻi i loko o ka Lituania kula, ma ka 1895, halawai mai ia me ka poeikohoia o ka Social kemokalaka ka hele, a hui i ka 'aoʻao. Me ka pili ana i ke aʻo o ka ikaika, i ka wā kūpono i ka ike ana o ke kanaka'ōpiopio me mediocre. No laila, mai na palapala noho palua i Dzerzhinsky i loko o ka papa mua, a hiki ole hoʻopau i ke aʻo,ʻo ia loaa wale i kekahi palapala o ka pau 'ana o ka walu o ka papa. Ma ke ala, Lūkini a me ka Helene, ka mea, ua unsatisfactory kaha.

Eia naʻe, ole i loko o ke kula 'aʻole e ālai ia' aʻe me ka holomua lola honua haʻawina. Dzerzhinsky i ka 1896, ua 'Imi komo ma ka propaganda i waena o nā artisans a me ka hola hana, no ka i ka mea i ho'āhewa pinepine ae la oia a me ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka hana oolea, a me nā loulou. ʻO i loko o kahi paa, Dzerzhinsky ua hoomakaukau ana no ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka poe mua o ka Red poe kiai ma Moscow, ka lawe' ana i loko o ka halawai o ka aoao. Ma hope o ke kipi i nui nā kūlana hana ma ka Soviet aupuni, lilo iho la i ke poo o ka poe Commissariats (People ka Commissariat - ke kikowaena mana i loko o ka Union republics) a hoʻokumu i ka Cheka (All-Russian kekahi Komisina no ka paioʻana LIKE LIKE-ʻOiʻenehana a me Sabotage).

Make Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky o ka naau kaua, kena ae la ia e ke ko mākou hopohopo hālāwai hope, ma o ka'ōlelo ma ka Central Komite halawai, July 20, 1926.

State ha awina

Kiʻekiʻe ke aupuni kulana i loko o ka lānai hou i hana koa aupuni, Dzerzhinsky hoʻomohala i ka hookahi feverish hana i ua typical iloko o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni lola honua hana. Ke Kii Iron Felix mea no controversial i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kahua a me ka hui ana o ka Soviet Union. A hiki i kēia lā kumu he wahi lihi iki o ka hoopaapaa.

Ua hoonohoia i ke kia o ka poo o ka Cheka, Feliks Edmundovich ua hoʻokūpaʻa iho me kaʻoʻoleʻa, a ino alakaʻi mea i hoohana luku i kekahi ho'āʻo i ka ole. Ua ua i kona noho aliʻi i ka Cheka ka hapa o ka ikaika me ka hana pono o ke kulekele o ke weliweli. No coincidence i me ka Cheka ha awina nui ma hope ma ke Komohana, e haawi i ka loa weliweli na lono a me ka mea ikea ole.

Dzerzhinsky manaʻo i loko o ka paio ku e ee-kipi ae kekahi ana me nuipa a weliweli. Ua Ua aie me ka olelo kaulana i repressionnaya pilikino E pili Cheka ka loa nui a me ka pono, a hiki ina "e loaʻa accidentally pahi kaua ma luna o nā poʻo o ka hala ole." He 'Imi kū'ē i nā kapu oihana mana, ke akea koi no ka hana ana i ka loa hanahana loa ana e ku ei na kipi.

I ka Ia manawa ka nui "Chekist" ka inoa ua pili me ka hou ana 'hana. No laila, ma hope o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana i loko o nā alanui ia mea ma kahi o elima miliona noho, a me ka mea, ua ma lalo o ka lima o Dzerzhinsky ee hoʻomaka e kūkulu? Aiaiiuie hoʻopaʻahao, ka orphanage a me na keiki o ka hale, kahi i loaa na keiki a pau e pono ai kōkua, a i ka manawa e aʻo. Mawaena o na nā meaʻeʻe moku mua o ia mau kulanui - ewalu mua alanui keiki i lilo academician o ka USSR, a me kekahi o ia mau mea - Nikolay Petrovich Dubin - hele aku la ia ia ma ka mōʻaukala me ka honua-kaulana geneticist.

Kekahi 'aoʻao kālai'āina hana Dzerzhinsk o konaʻeleu komo i loko o haʻuki ola o ka aina. Kona hoʻomaopopo i ka mana 'Oihana kookoo hiki ole ia me ka maikai hola' ilikai, ka mea hana i ka DSO "Dynamo", i keia la i kekahi o ka loa hanohano haʻuki nā kaiapili o Rusia.

Feliks Edmundovich i loko o ka papa hana o ka moku'āina mahele. Ka Aha Economic Council,ʻo ia i komo i loko o ka ulu ana o ka poe liilii,-pālākiō uku kalepa, aʻu i hoao e hana 'ano kūpono no ka hooulu ana o ka aina kuai, hulina, no ka aoao e emi i ka lilo o ke? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

E like me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni e kākoʻo ana-Imi kākoʻo i nā kulekele o ke aupuni o ka industrialization. Ma lalo o kona kauoha i Konakele.ʻaʻahu metallurgical eiiieaena ua lilo kekahi o ka loa nui i loko o ke ao nei. I ka Ia manawa Dzerzhinsky nema aku i ke aupuni, a me ka aoao i ike i ka nui hewa i loko o ka lehulehu o ka noonoo ana i ka oihana koa mea hao. Ma disagreeing me ka like aneiai kūkulu 'ia ka mea, ua pinepine ae la oia noi no ka resignation.

Dzerzhinsky ma ke akamai

Ke kiʻi o ka invincible Iron iho la o Pelika i pinepine ia e kākau moʻolelo a me nā filmmakers. statesman kiʻi i kahikoia Ka Uku Leka A hehi ihola au. Kona hana i mele ma ka pauku ma Soviet kākau a me nā oli Soviet paionia ', a me kona hopena, ua oleloia i loko o ka likeʻole ma o bibliographic Roma. Eia hou kekahi, he mea he moʻolelo pono'ī nova iho i kākauʻia e Dzerzhinsky i loko o kekahi makahiki, e like me ka pono me ka helu ana o na hana hoolilo i ka aina maluhia o ka aina. Kekahi henua kiʻi o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni i loaʻa i loko o ka palapala, ai hana, memoirs o kona wā.

Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka Soviet Union, i ka inoa o ka "nui a me ka weliweli" a i haʻalele poina. Iloko o na makahiki perestroika ka moʻolelo o kekahi kanaka mai i ka moʻolelo o ka infallibility o na hoa o ka meʻe o ke kipi i hala i loko o ka waeʻano o ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ruthless karaima a me ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli.

I keia la o ka honua hoopaapaa e pili ana i ke ano o Dzerzhinsky huahelu i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Soviet Union kekahi i ole emi iho, a me kona kiʻi mau e hoopiha i Contemporary haku mele a me nā kākau moʻolelo. No laila, hoʻomanaʻo o Pelika loaʻa i loko o nā hana o ia mau auka e paa ai i "Liapis Trubetskoy" a me ka "aquarium".

Noho, i kapaʻia ma hope o Dzerzhinsky

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka inoa o F. E. Dzerzhinskogo i häʻawi mai ai iä kekahiʻano o ke kulanakauhale a me na kauhale ma na republics likeʻole o ka Soviet Union. Ma ka hanohano o ka ia i kapaia o kulanui, mika pāhoʻonui lua, i nā kīhāpai a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau, koa naehana, nā hale hana a me ka moku. Name Iron Felix i ia alanui, a me nā kula. Ike e like me ka luna maluhia luna hanohano ÷ ino o ke kipi a me ka kupaʻa hoa a me ka hoa Lenin.

Ma Rusia i keia la, he mea oi ma mua o ke kakini kauhale e lawe ana i ka inoa o Dzerzhinsky, hoi, ma ka Nizhny Novgorod a me Moscow wahi i ka ia inoa o ke kūlanakauhale: Dzerzhinsk a me Dzerzhinsk.

Ma ka mua Soviet republics elua - Ukraine, a Belarus - ua ma kahi o kanaha kekahi mau kauhale a me na kauhale, e like me kekahi mau nui kūlanakauhale, i kapaʻia ma hope o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni kaulana i ke aupuni '. Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka Soviet Union ka mea i lawe i ka helu o ka ho'āʻo 'ana e Kapa hou' ole hoʻi i ka palapala inoa o ka noho, akā, oi hamama o kēia hui kūkā a me kekahi mau koho ka mea, ua i nee.

Geographic hiʻona

Ma waho aʻeo ia mau kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale, ka mea o ka inoa o Dzerzhinsky a me keʻano o Geographic hiʻona. Ke'ī mai, ka mea kiekie loa ma ka ?? eoi? O kēia Belarus ua manaoia e ia i kekahi mauna o Dzerzhinsky. A i loko o ka Pamirs (mauna huahelu ke aupuni 'ma Central Asia ma ka huina o Tajikistan, Kina, Afghanistan a me India), i ka luna o ka lapa Zaalay i kapaia o Dzerzhinsky piko.

Kia hoʻomanaʻo i ma ka ?? eoi? O ka Russian Hui

Kia hoʻomanaʻo i a me busts hoolilo i ka hoomanao ana i ka alihi kaua nui o ke kipi, he mea i loko o na kulanakauhale he nui ma Rusia, a ma kekahi Moscow'āina. No laila, kekahi o na kia loa kaulana i Dzerzhinsky noʻonoʻo ma Volgograd, ka mea i hoopaaia koke ma hope o ka make ana o Feliksa Edmundovicha. Maoli ai, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, i kapaʻia i loko o ka hanohano o ka statesman, he mea he kia hoʻomanaʻo no Dzerzhinsky Square. ʻO ka Pun huli: Dzerzhinsk ma Dzerzhinsky Dzerzhinsky kia e ku nei. Samara no hoi i kona mau kino poo o ka Cheka, e kau ia ia ma ka nei o ke kulanakauhale. Other kia hoʻomanaʻo i a me obelisks i ke aupuni 'o Izhevsk, Ufa, Donetsk, Barnaul, Astrakhan a me Penza.

Mau noonoo E e kaulana hē, aia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Dzerzhinsk. I ka mea i loaʻa kekahi manawa, ola kekahi o na kamailio, hana oi loa no ka mea'ōpiopio noho. I na kanaka o ka hoʻonaʻauao kulanui, a a laila kauoha aku ai i "uhai mai i loko o kanaka," a me ka hookomo ma luna o lākou iho dala mua, alaila, he puna, he kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni kaulana. He kū unchallenged i loko o ke kūlanakauhale huinahalike pono i mua o kaʻulaʻula kamaʻilio, koke ka mua kukulu o ka kūloko hoailona. Eia naʻe, puna - ka mea, aole he mea mau nō mea, a nolaila, i ka haule ana o ka 2004, ke kia hope e hina. A laila, i ke kūlanakauhale hooponopono ka mea i hooholoia, e hoihoi i ka kia hoʻomanaʻo, akā manawa ka mea, ua i mai o keleawe.

He hana hoihoi 'ia, ma ka Akä naÿe i na kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ka ua Lenin, Dzerzhinsky kia ma kela kulanakauhale keia kulanakauhale mea okoa. Hoʻololi i wale na kapa, i ke kulana o na lima a me ke poo o ke Iron iho la o Pelika, akā, i hoʻokahuli aupuni elemakule mea okoa. Kēia hana no ka kula Soviet o ke kiʻi kaula hiʻona hiki ke kena ae la ia e hoao mai ana e hōʻike 'kekahi mau moʻolelo a me nā manawa Dzerzhinsky ola. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, no ka mea, na noho o Volgograd Zheleznyy Feliks - keia mea i ke kaulana Cheka a me NKVD palaho poo, a ma ka uuku o kona Dzerzhinsk Hoomanao iho, a koʻi kaua like me ka nui he poe hana lokomaikai, hōʻoia 'hauʻoli a me ka carefree i ka wā kamaliʻi no kekahi mau haneri Soviet Communards.

Busts a me nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i ma ka ?? eoi? O Moscow aina

Ke kia-Soviet kia hoʻomanaʻo i hiki i keia statesman hoola kekahi. Ka hapa nui o na sculptures a me busts i ua dismantled i loko o nā makahiki kakahiaka o perestroika. Ka wikiwiki a me i kēia mau anaʻana i ia, i manaoio i ka wehe 'ana o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Dzerzhinsky i ka OAXAʻano hana i mea e pōʻino ai i ka hoʻololi i ke au o ka "hihiu" capitalism.

I loko nō o ka moʻo o ka haunaele ma kekahi mau kulanakauhale a ua noho iho ia i olelo ia i ke ola ana o Feliksa Edmundovicha. Oia "hoʻomanaʻo ia" hiki ke loaʻa i ka lehulehu i nā kīhāpai a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau Ukraine, Belarus, aneea oneiaey, Repubalika o Transnistria, Kyrgyzstan.

E noke ana i loko o kēia'āina i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Dzerzhinsky 'aʻole i ho i kekahi mau Hawaiʻi cia. Akā,ʻaʻohe i kekahi imi i ka pakele no ia. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ia mea no kekahi hapa o ko mākou mōʻaukala.

Ke demolition o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Dzerzhinsky ma Moscow

A, ano, o ka mea nui wale kia. Kia hoʻomanaʻo i Dzerzhinsky ma Moscow, i hoʻokumu 'ia ma ka Mokuna, a kokoke mystical wahi - Lubyanka Square. Ua Ua ke aupuni 'pono i mua o ka hale kahi i loko o kekahi mau makahiki i ka Central oihana o ka malu koa, ka KGB, ka MGB, NKVD, NKGB a me OGPU. I kēia lā, ma ka ia wahi ia o ka Lūkini FSB. Ke kiʻi kaula i hanaia mamuli o ke kauoha o ka aoao a me Stalin ka pilikino kauoha a me nā pāhana wā e hiki mai kia hoʻololi iʻikeʻia ma ka manawa o ka sculptor Evgeniem Vuchetichem.

Ke kiʻi kaula i loko o like me ka maʻamau wahi a ka 1991 coup , ka wā huhu a me ka ole kanaka e literallyʻoi loa aku ka "satrap a me ka hoʻomäinoino" me like me ka maʻamau pedestal. Ma ka lewa o ka mau hoʻopilikia a me unwarranted aggression demolition o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Dzerzhinsky mea, ua manao ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o ka pilikia huli i ka hou aupuni. Keiki, he lawa pilikia ole ia.

Nolaila, i ka wa a ka wāwahi kia i Dzerzhinsky i Lubyanka Square, he kia hoʻomanaʻo iā ia iho wale wehe 'ia a me ka hoolilo ana i kekahi pāka wahi. Ma hope o ka pīhoihoi a pau pili i ka hoʻololi mai kekahi kālai'āina'ōnaehana i kekahi, ka emi, e huli mai i ka hapanui o ka heluna kanaka o Moscow, aole ia i manao i pili i ka kia o ka pau ana o ka huhū kahiko, i ua pela hoʻomano hōʻike ma kīwī pale, a "ninini" mai ka 'aoʻao Russian a me ka Western nūpepa. About ke kia hoʻomanaʻo iho, a e pili ana i ke kūlana o ke kanaka i loko o ka mōʻaukala o nā mea a pau o ka ulia poina ...

Ka houʻana o ke kia

I hōʻike muaʻia, ma hope o ka coups a pau kia i Dzerzhinsky ma Lubyanka Square Ua dismantled a ua neʻe i ka emi mau wahi,ʻo ia ka Moscow Art Park. Aia makemake i aku la ia ia e ku mai a hiki i ka pau ana o ka manawa, akā, i ka lehulehu, "pai mai la lakou" hoʻi i ka 2013 a i ka hou manaʻoi hāpai 'ia. Ano, i ka demolition o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Dzerzhinsky ma Moscow mea kokoke i ka loa a me ka barbaric hāwāwā, hana ana i nā mea a pau manawa hoʻoponopono.

Na Lūkini Koi ikaika ma luna o ka mea e, i mea aha ka mea kaulana Soviet alakaʻi, e hoopoina e pili ana i kona kūlana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka aina, ua hiki ole. E like me ka hopena o ka manao lakou poo hoikeia mai ia e pili ana i ka hapalua o ke kulanakauhale alii ka poe noho i koi ai no ke kia hoʻomanaʻo no Dzerzhinsky ma Moscow, ua hoihoi hou ia. Hoike aku au e ku e ia i ka Initiative koi i ka huina o ma kahi o iwakalua-eiwa pakeneka o nā mea i paneʻia, a me ka hapanui pīhoihoi ole oukou i kaʻu mea pono hou-kukulu o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo, e like me ka lilo ana o keia hana.

Naʻe, i ka hoi ana mai o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Dzerzhinsky nō paʻa i loko o 2014, ma hope koke o ka kia ola me ka hoopuka moakaka'iako a me ka hoʻokolokolo pono ke kūkulu houʻana. Vozvrasheniya kia e like me ka maʻamau wahi i hoolaa ai i ka 137th lā hoʻomanaʻo o Feliksa Edmundovicha. Penei, ka mōʻaukala Lunakanawai e lanakila, loaʻa maiʻo ia ma mua, a ke nānā aku, a Lubyanka Square. Dzerzhinsky kia hoʻi i like me ka maʻamau.

Expert manao: na balota no, a ku e

I kekahi manawa, i ka wa o ka Russian Public manao Research Center lawelawe 'ia he ana o ka heluna kanaka e pili ana paha ka mea, makemake e hoihoi aku i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Dzerzhinsky, mawaena o na mea e kālailai a me ka manao ana o Lūkini e pili ana i ke kanaka o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni.

Ua huli mai i ka hapanui o na nā mea i paneʻia (ma kahi o kanahiku-eiwa pakeneka) o ka moʻolelo a me ka hana o ka Iron iho la o Pelika kama'āina approvingly o ka ia, a me kana mau hana ma keia hihia wahi a kanaha-ehiku pakeneka o nā mea i paneʻia. Ma keia hihia, o kela mea keia Russian kolu hoikeia i ka manao ana, hoʻowahāwahā pāonioni ma luna o nā kiʻina hana i hoʻohana, i ka ha awina o ke kaulana Chekist reputable. He iwakalua-eono pakeneka o nā mea i paneʻia mai la oia i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Dzerzhinsky Square e ia, e like nae ka mea e ole haha ma ka pili ana i keia kanaka i kekahi ikaika Emotions. Hōʻuluʻulu i nā mea a pau o ka luna, mākou e hoailona oukou i ua kau akula ma luna i ka pili o ka a pau ke kālā no ke kaiāulu kanaka, a hiki i keia mōʻaukala huahelu o ka'ākilikai-maikaʻi.

Eia naʻe, ma hope o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Dzerzhinsky ma Lubyanka hoʻi i wahi, a he akamai manao no keia abrupt loli o nā koa o kēlāʻaoʻao.

No laila, no ka mea hoike, o ka hopena maikaʻi manao i hoike ia e kekahi freelance kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa Konstantin Eggert. He manaoio i na mahaloia he ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Dzerzhinsky i ole pono. A like nānaina ua kaʻana 'ia e nā' elele o ka Contemporary ka pilina. E like me ia ia lakou, i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo, like hoʻi me Lenin ka Mausoleum ma Red Square - he kea laa, o ke au i hala, a i meaningless, a pau loa ia undeserved hoʻomau ola i loko o kēia Rusia. No hoi, no ka mea, he nui loa ka mea, ua i kaʻawaʻawa loa loaʻa o ka mea i hoʻonoho i nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i hiki i ka luahi o ka NKVD repression a me kā lākou mau luna kiai halepaahao (ole Ho'ā hou) maʻanuʻu o kekahi mau mahina. Kēia "duality", e like me na mea he nui, ua moe ma ka nolu ana. A me ka mea pono, e lawe mai i ka lehulehu ke ole.

Ma ka kekahi lima, i ka helu o ka poe akamai i, ka poe i aloha i ka hoi ana mai o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i kona palapala wahi, hai ia mea, ua pono mua o nā mea a pau i ka hōʻoia i ke kaiāulu kanaka, 'aʻole i poina e pili ana i kona mōʻaukala a me kona hoʻoilina. Hūnā paha i nā kūʻiʻo maoli, e manaoio, e wale e alakai i ka repetition o ka hala hewa.