Makakiʻi Zelinsky: ano, mōʻaukala o ka honua nei a me ka hōʻike manaʻo

Ke apono ana o "ka pilau hopeʻia" a Nine Inch mea kaua i loko o ke kaua pili i ka hoouka Kelemānia ma Ypres i ka 1915. A laila, ua kuu ae 170 na tona o ka chlorine, ia iʻae mai i ka 15 tausani kanaka nalowale ma kahi o 5000 koa o ka Palani kaua. Me ka First World War, a me ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole ua pili paʻa 'ano o ka palekana i ka Nine Inch mea kaua, a rightfully no ia Rusia. Kēia Approach Zelinsky. Rula o ka hana, a ho'ā 'ia paha charcoal birch i malama mua ia hanauna o Lūkini koa, a mau e hoola ola,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ke kaua, akā, i loko o peacetime.

makakoho nīnūnē

Ninaninau 'ana i ka mōʻaukala'āina hoʻoili a me ka pioneering hamama i keia la. Ua, Kumu a me inventor o ke kinoea ea paha Zelinskiy Nikolay Dmitrievich (1861 - 1953) ua manao like moekolohe e hoʻopale ai i ka iaoaioa no kona hana mea hou i hana muaʻole, ma ka mea,ʻo ia hoʻomohala i ka ano o kaʻawa chloropicrin - kekahi o kaʻawahia Luna o ke kaua imperialist. A ina ma ka waena o ka XX kenekulia ka ninau o Lūkini kinoea ea paha Poʻokela Honua hana mea hou i hana muaʻole (makakiʻi Zelinsky - Kummanta) ua hoʻokahi wale nō ideological, i keia mea, ua lilo ka kālaiʻike cia. A e noʻonoʻo e pili i ka hoopii e ku ei ka meaʻino ma Venetian ea paha prototype nīnau rhetorical.

I ka moolelo o ka hoomalu ana: kaua a me ka maluhia

Aia ka hōʻike i nā miners o kahiko Greece hoʻohana i ka ea paha me ka Kānana o maloʻo ka lau nahele. ¶ʻO'Araba Banu Musa hoahānau, koʻikoʻi haumana o Baghdad IV ke kenekulia, e pale aku kaʻapu kōheoheo o ka poe hana i ka eli ana punawai. Invented he oaoieei-manaʻo ka mea i like loa me ka ea paha. Ua Ua Lilo ea paha me ka Kānana hope. ʻOiai ka Kānana pono hana i kekahi i mai maloʻo ka lau nahele, ka mea, ua kokoke like me ka laekahi Nine Inch malu 'ana.

Ma ka Middle Ages, a me ka muli o ka laha o ka maʻi maʻi'ōkuʻu, a me ka hooulu ana o ke ao ana o miasms (waiwaiʻenemi i kānaka) a me CONTAG (ʻawahia (particles) pū i hiki ma kaʻili, a ma ka hanu 'ana), aia no he Venetian Anati kini puʻe wale. Kēia kapa, a Loanʻona nō ma ka hohono, a "nuku,", i ua aia maloko kanu kānana.

I ka 1799 ua ka ea paha o Alexander av Humboldt, no ka kānana a me ka maemae o koʻu mau kinoea, a hoomalu iho i ke miners.

Akā, i ka iaoaioa mua no ke kinoea ea paha i haawiia mai ia Lewis Haslett i ka makahiki 1849 ma Hawaii, USA. Ia mea, i hoʻomākaukauʻia no ka miners Kānana i mālama ai anuanu lole o ka hulu hipa, ka nohona kiwikā hanu i hoomakaukau ai.

I ka wā o ka papakaukau, Dome o St. Isaac ka Hale Pule Nui ma 1838 ma Saint - Petersburg pepehi 60 na haku, ka mea, i ole e hoola ea paha Pipe. Ka mea, Ua i ke aniani me ke kaukini loloa, a ua ae e palekana mai Hereme ka ohu. Akā, me ka manao i ole, ua sila, a me ka mea i ke kumu o kaʻapu kōheoheoʻana o ka hana.

Lanahu me ka adsorbent

John Stengauz i ka makahiki 1854 invented ka respirator, a lilo iho la ia i ka papa kuhikuhiE adsorbent charcoal. Ua ua he mau-ahu iho ea paha, a i waiho ma waena o papa o ka sorbent - charcoal ka pauka.

Hui pu o Mikhail Lomonosov, academician o ka Russian Academy o Sciences Iogann Tobias Lovitz i manaoia i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka birch charcoal no ka wai huikala, hoomalu mai awi aku ai.

Zelinsky ka kānaka apau i mākaukau mea i ka mea hoʻohana mua me ka huli ana ho'ā 'kalapona - kalapona me ka mahuahua adsorption nona iho. A pela ua makaukau lanahu o 1,500 sq. mika o porous ili i 1 cubic kenimika.

Adsorbent hua hoʻohui tightness like Approach Zelinsky

I ka moolelo o keia 'o ia hoʻi o Nine Inch hoomalu ua ua hoʻopili i kekahi inoa, rightfully lilo iho la i ka lua o ka inoa i loko o ka kinoea Approach - Emond Kummanta, technologist o ka hola "Triangle".

Ka UK Sila Nui Office i haawi mai i ka iaoaioa no Emond Kummantu ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka palapala ea paha. I ea paha He pilipaa, a ua hoopaaia i ka maka hoʻopakele iā lākou, mai ka mea iki hui 'ana meʻawahia' ona i loko o kaʻili.

Positional imperialist kaua puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka enemi e imi ki ina hana o ke kaua a me ka hoʻohana 'ana o kaʻawahia waiwai. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu mea e imi ka hoomaluia mai, me kānana paʻa a me ka ike loea aiiay ea paha. Ua ua ia he laau i ua manao ea paha.

Makakiʻi Zelinsky: 'ole

Aia he ekolu prototypes - Petrograd, Moscow a me ka kūhelu.

I ka mua, i ka 1915, komo hana Petrograd Approach kumu. Mahioleʻaʻahu ma luna o kekahi mau huinahń carton ea paha me elua lalo pahu nui 200: 80: 50 millimeters. Lower lalo me ka luna sila me ka Cork i loko o ka luna waha o ka mea ia ua soldered, akā, kiʻekiʻe. Ma waena o ia mea he mea hiki ke hooheheeia hei me ka ahu iho la ka gauze ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua. Ma waena o ka gauze pale Ua kau 3-6 mm o granular ho'ā 'kalapona. Kānana ka leo ua 700 CC. knm, lōʻihi - 174 mm o. Pahu mālama chap o ka piuta. Ke ea paha ua ka alani pahu i pili lola.

Moscow hāpana komo hana i ka 1916, a ua he liʻiliʻi pahu me ka'ololaha shape. I ka buke o ke kalapona Kānana lilo 1,000 cubic kenimika.

Naʻe mea e hoao ai ua hoike mai i ka pono, e hoʻoikaika 'ana. A ua he kolu hoʻokolohua o ke ea paha Zelinsky - i ke 'ano o ka breech Anati-kinoea mea kanu. He ua he uuku pōkole ma mua o ka mea mua kekahi, a me ka elliptical pahu.

Ikea ai ka mea i

Ke Lūkini koa kinoea ea paha Zelinsky - Kummantaʻikeʻia i loko o ka wa hooilo 2016. I loko o nā makahiki o ke kaua Rusia ua hua mai la i oi aku mamua o 11 miliona na apana o kaʻikepili ka hoomalu ana.

Approbation ea paha Zelinsky i wahi ma ka kahua kaua o ka First World War. Ho'āʻo ma ke kāpili haumāna N. D. Zelinskogo Nikolai Shilov. Ua i ka mea i'ōlelo iā Kumu pona kalapona Kānana. He nona a me Ka Ikepili e hōʻoia i ka ka hoʻokōʻana o ka Nine Inch hoomalu ma ka lawe lima keʻena hoʻokolohua, e like me ka hoʻolālā o kula no na limahana o ka poe koa Lūkini, i lawe mai i ka hoʻohana 'ana o aiiay ieaoa aʻo - makakiʻi Zelinsky. Mōʻaukala Ua maopopo ka nui o kēia mau kula, a me ka nele o ka noonoo ana ia ia ma ke kauoha.

Pono a me ka keakea

I ka manawa kūpono o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lewa, mai kelaʻawahia waiwai a me ka loaʻa o ka maikaʻi adsorbent - ka definitive haʻina i i ke Kumu Makalu Zelinsky. Respirator kona hana mea hou i hana muaʻole i ka manawa o ka hanana aohe analogs i loko o ka absorbent mea. A houʻano o ka Kānana ua Lūkini kinoea ea paha ua ole loa hōʻoluʻolu pono akā,.

Ka mua Approach Zelinsky i kona drawbacks. O nā nā kēia:

• Ma ka hakakā kulana home 'ole Approach pahu ālai ia' aʻe me kuapo o ke poo;
• Prior e hana, ua he nele no ka hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka, i ka meheu o ia i ka ua kahikoia a nani.
• Misting, a i mea paakiki orienteering;
• Hoemiia Papa Hana a me ka impossibility o ka haawi ana i na kauoha ma ke kelepona;
• Illiteracy Lūkini koa, ka poe i hiki ke heluhelu i ka olelo ao mua ana.

Ea paha o ka kaua

Nā'āina - i komo o ka kaua imperialist i ole e ku ae oukou mai ka imi, e hoʻoikaika i nā mea o Nine Inch hoomalu. Palani ea paha Jules Tissot, no kekahi laʻana, kaupaona iho la oi ma mua o eha kilograms, o ka pahu i kau ma luna o ke kua, a me ka absorber hana caustic soda, i hui pūʻia me ka lāʻau hulu hipa a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia KA WAIHO 'ANA. Ua paʻa kūhohonu loa i keia me ke kopa, glycerin a me ka o Diosekouro ka aila.

I keia la, i ka prototype o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia kinoea ea paha ua manaoia e ia i ka Beritania kinoea ea paha hāpana o ka First World War. Ma helehelena, ia mea maoli aku e like me kaʻiʻo nō o kēia like paha. Akā, aole hoi me ka Beritania, a me ka'ōlelo Farani,ʻaʻole hoʻi na ke Kelemānia a hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka absorber o ke kalapona. Pelekāne allies Rusia i ka 1916 i noi, e hoouna aku ia elima kinoea ea paha Zelinsky - Kummanta e makaikai i. Chemists Beritania i i manaoio ma ka omo waiwai o birch charcoal. Akā, ma hope o kéu hoʻomaopopo i ka hana o kēia mau mea, i ka Allies ua hikiʻole e kuikui Kumu Zelinsky.

Interestingly no hoi ka mea i ka laau i? Ac? No ka lio. Ua nana loa hana hoihoi.

He loaa no kona hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o Kumu

Nine Komite o ka Russian aupuni a waiho i ka palapala hoopii ma ka hana halawai e ia nā kumu kāki i ke Kumu no kona hana mea hou i hana muaʻole i hoʻopakele na tausani o ola. Naʻe, ka mea like ole, a me ka ole o ka hopena. Kumu Zelinsky i ole loaa he hookahi ruble o ka Lūkini aupuni no ke kinoea ea paha Zelinsky. Mōʻaukala Kumu, ua i loaa i ka iaoaioa no kona hanana kalapona Kānana, a e hoole i kekahi koho no ka Nobel waiwai pio, a ma. Akā,ʻo kona ke kākoʻo '-mea kākau, ka mea kākau o ka Palapala Sila Nui ea paha E.Kummant kakauinoa i ka aelike me ka hola "Triangle" a loaa 50 keneta no kela a me keia pa alima o ka waiwai i hoʻounaʻia e ke koa - hanalima Komite o Rusia. Makakiʻi Zelinsky i millionaire Emond Kummanta.

He noteworthy i loko o Rusia aole he kia hoʻomanaʻo iā Kumu Makalu Zelinskii, eia nae ua kapaʻia kona inoa Institute ma St. - Pererburge.

Hoʻonoho, i ka hanaia'na o ke ea paha, i lilo ai me ka hoike i loko o hana o Nine Inch kaua konohiki. He erroneous olelo. Ka mua loa o ka 'ohana ka palekana invented no ka maluhia hana, a ma hope o ka mea i hoʻohana' ia i loko o ke kaua. I ka hoomalu ana o ke kauka a me ka la ia i kahu, i ka pono no ka palekana o ka poe hana i hele mai i loko o hui 'ana me nā palapala waiwai - kēia mau mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE nā makakoho no kekahi noiʻi hana.