Makamua Rusia: kapikala. ua aha kulanakauhale i ke kapikala o kahiko Rusia?

Makamua Rusia, ua a ke kapikala o ka maikai loa kulanakauhale, i ke kiʻekiʻe prestige i loko o ke ao nei. Ka hoʻomaka o ka moku'āina mua o Hawaiian Slavsʻana i ka Kievan Rus, a nolaila, haawiia i like ke kapikala mua o ka nani kulanakauhale o Kiev. Naʻe, ke kulanakauhale nui, o Prince Kyi ua i ka mea wale kekahi i pūlikiʻia i ka inoa. Aia ua hiki hou no ia, a me nā kumu no ko lakou ola, e e kūkākūkā i loko o kā mākou 'atikala.

A iki e pili ana i ka moku'āina

Mamua o ko laua kamailio e pili ana i na poo o Slavic medieval moku'āina, e haawi ana ia i ka iki manawa a me ka lewa ma luna o kaʻaoʻao. Makamua Rusia - he hoʻonaʻauao lehulehu hikina ohana me ka centralized aliʻi mana i ola mai ka 862 a hiki i 1240 (Mongol kaua). Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma kiʻekiʻe 'ana o ka moʻomeheu, pili kēia aie mai Byzantium. Nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone, knigopistsy, AaOAaXIeAePEEeE, haumana, hiki steklovary mai Constantinople a me ka'āina a pau me ia. Akā, he nui House, ua i kama'āina me ka Slavs (Jewelry hana, forging, Pottery, oe hana, he laau, etc.), ka mea, ua hemolele lākou nā mākau ma ke aʻo 'ana mai i ka hana o ko ke ao nei, akā, mālama lākou pono'ī. Ma Rusia palapala aku nei au, e waiho monasteries, a lilo iho la ia i ka uhane mawaena konu o ka moku'āina, ka mineta malihini, i kona kauoha iho o ke kānāwai. Nō hoʻi, i nā aliʻi nui hoʻomaʻamaʻa dynastic ka mare, e kokua, e hoʻoikaika i ka inoa maikaʻi o Rusia, a me nā 'ano haole e pili ana me nā mahalo ulu'āina.

No ke aha la i kekahi mau poo?

Inā 'oe e hahai i ka kūhelu mana o ka mōʻaukala, ka mua kapikala o kahiko Rusia - mea, o ka papa, Kiev. Mother o Lūkini kulanakauhale i lilo i kumu nui i loko o ka makahiki 882, ka wā ma ka Dnieper kahakai, pae wānana Oleg me Igor, a pepehi Askold a me Dir, hopu mana. Ua i aku la ia, e like me ka Chronicle, ke kulanakauhale wānana i ka wā e hiki mai nui. Ke aha la hoi i pono ai ka noho mana kekahi kulanakauhale alii? Makamua Rusia, e like me ka makou i ike, ua hoano e pomaikai no au ma lalo o Vladimir ka Bapetite, a Yaroslav ka Wise, hele aku la i loko o hoole mai oia. Kuhikuhi no ka mea, o ka mea infighting a me ka hakaka. He nui nā keiki kāne a me nā moʻopuna kāne, nā hoahānau a me nā mākua kāne o na luna nui ko lākou'āina hoʻoili - i ke kulanakauhale me ke kokoke kauhale, ma i na rula o kela mea keia mea o lakou. Ua loheʻia oi luna ma mua o ka aina, a me kekahi o ia i hauʻoli ka mea āna i hāʻawiʻia ka'āina hoʻoili. A ma waena o lākou, a hoʻomaka i ke kaua aku i ka mea maikaʻi wahi i loko o ka la, no ka noho aliʻi o Kiev, a haawi hou i ke kala a me ka ole. Akā, kekahi na'lii a (hooilina) laua ikaika i ko na 'ē aʻe i nawaliwali, luna manao ma waena o ka hana a me ka pinepine hele i ke kaua ku e kekahi i kekahi.

Ke awawa ma waena o nā poʻokela ulu Kiev lilo ke kiʻekiʻe o kona waiwai poʻo. Akā, i ka Arena hele mai, a me na noho, a noho i ke kumu nui kulanakauhale o ka poe ikaika kahiko aupuni. Keia Veliky Novgorod, a me Chernigov, a me Vladimir a me Suzdal, a me Galich, a me ka hope Moscow. No laila, i loko o ka moku'āina o ka hikina mai Slavs ua ole kekahi kapikala o Makamua Rus i ka hailona o lākou,ʻaʻole no kekahi mea i kapaʻia ka "Gardarika", 'o ia hoʻi nā kūlanakauhale.

Ka mua kulanakauhale nui,

mea No laila, ua noʻonoʻo pono i ke kumu nui kulanakauhale o kahiko Rus? Capital i helu hoʻokahi - keia o Kiev, kilohana kulanakauhale ma ka Dnieper River, Kauhalenui noho mai i ka umi o ka kenekulia. Hookumuiaʻi e ka kaʻao Prince Kiem (paha e hoʻokāʻoi 'ia), lilo' o ia i ke kumu nui kulanakauhale o Veschego Olega, kona hope, Igor a me kona mau mamo a hiki i Vladimir Monomakh. Ma hope iho o ia, ua noʻonoʻo i ka papa kuhikuhiE a wale formally pū i hiki i ka Luna Nui Duke wale nīnūnē hoahanau. Akā, ma hope o ka kaua o ka Tatars lilo i ka'āina, a laila, lawe pio i ka mua Grand Duchy o Lithuania, ukali e Rzeczpospolita, Muscovy.

Makamua Rus, ke kapikala o i ua ike ia Kiev, i malama o ka hooulu ana mai o na kulanakauhale. Ma ke kumu nui kulanakauhale o ka pōhaku ekalesia i kukuluia (hope o ka hookamaia o Karistiano), paʻa i ka pā, kukulu ia i ka puka pā hou, e hana nā kula a me nā puʻu. e ike nui na Hawaii o ke gula makahiki o ka moku'āina, a hiki i kēia lā i loko o ka Ukrainian kulanakauhale alii. Keia mea kuhikuhi i ke Gula puka, St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui, mea mahuʻi a me St. Michael ka Golden-na¯ haʻawina Hale Pule Nui, Trinity Church, Vydubychi hoailona.

Staraya Ladoga

Aia o kekahi kulanakauhale i ka hewaʻiʻo i ka noonoo ana o ko kākou poʻe haku moʻolelo - Staraya Ladoga. Ke kapikala kahiko o Rusia helu elua i ikeia'ku ma ka waena o ka walu o ke kenekulia, a ma ka 862 - 864 makahiki i ka noho o ka Rurik. E like me nāʻoihana aliʻi, ma hope o ka kaʻao ka luna i mālama ai i loko o Novgorod, i kekahi kūlanakauhale i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ia i ka inoa "ka Nui". I kēia lā 'oe ke' ike i ka Hale Pule Nui o ka George Church mea mahuʻi a me St., kūkuluʻia i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o kaʻumikumamālua kenekulia.

Staraya Ladoga i keia la - o ka liʻiliʻi kauhale, i mea e pili ana i ka makahiki o ka umikumamalua kenekulia. Recent hulikoehana haʻawina e ka mea e hiki ai, e kuhi ana i ka hooponopono i hoʻokumuʻia e nā meaʻeʻe moku mai ka Nordic aina. Ua ua he i? Iaie? Ka hailona, ma ka hana hou ia na moku, a kūkulu hou moku,

Rurik ana ma Novgorod

Ke kapikala o kahiko Rusia Ladoga lilo kona poo me ka Rurik haʻalele no ka New Castle, Aia ma kahi o elua kilomika, mai ka piko mai o ke kūlanakauhale o kēia au. Ano, oia ua kokoke mai ka hanana kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i o aliʻi manawa, no ka mea, i ole, ua hoopa ia e ka Mongol mau poe a pau, a, nolaila, i ole ai pepehiiaʻi, powaiaʻi, a luku iho la ia. It Rotehama Dvorischenskogo, Sofia, Hale Pule Nui St. George ka, St. Anthony hoailona, ko kakou Mea e Olaʻi ekalesia, hānauʻana o ka Virgin, ke Annunciation, o Petero a me Paulo, St. Paraskeva-Poalima.

Ke heyday o ka hale kākela i wahi i loko o ka wā o ka Novgorod Repubalika, kahi a pau i ka manaʻo nui e pili ana i ke ola o ka moku'āina nei i ke keʻena maliuʻia. Aia ka he 1136 ma ka 1478, a me kona mokuna prostilalas haneri o kilomika - mai ka Urals a hiki i ka Baltic (a Viking) kai. Ua hoʻomohala House, lawelawe 'ia he brisk kalepa, kukulu pohaku hale, kākau nā puke a me nāʻoihana aliʻi.

I kēia lā, Novgorod (ke kapikala o Makamua Rus a me ka Novgorod Lepupalika) hiki ke kapaia Mecca no iauaeoia oo? Ecia Rusia, e like me ka hoola maka ma ke Ka Wā Kaukani.

Vladimir-ma-Klyazma

Kekahi kapikala o ke kahiko Lūkini moku'āina ua manaoia ia Vladimir, a uaʻano nui i loko o ka wā 1243 - 1389 makahiki. Kuisa: Vladimir Monomakh hoʻokumu i ka 1108, a me kekahi hapa keneturia ma hope ia Neʻe i kona noho Andrew Bogolyubskii. Ke heyday o ka hooponopono i wahi i loko o ke au o Vsevolod ka Big pūnana, ka mea i hoolohe i ka honua, koe wale Polotsk a me Chernigov. Ma ua nani au i loko o Vladimir e hoohalike ai i ke Gula puka, Uspensky a me Dmitrievsky cathedrals.

ka hopena

Ma lalo o nā hahau nokors Batu Khan, Eia naʻe, aʻu i oki ai i nei Makamua Rus. Ke kapikala ka mea, lilo kona keiki, a no na makahiki i loko o hina, poina akamai i i ua unclaimed ma ke Gula iā Goga. Akā, i ke aupuni ua kiʻekiʻe o hou ana mai o ka puʻupuʻu kaumaha, he hou ka hanauna o ka poʻe nui i ka mea mua i hoʻouna 'ia ai i ka Mongolʻauamo, a laila, kulu ia. Ke'ōlelo mai, ua ola hou Rusia, a komo aku la i ka hou o ka'āina me ka hou maka.