Makua'lii, me Heremogene kekahi. Heihei Hoewaʻa o Moscow, a pau Rusia me Heremogene kekahi

Haipule i loko o Rusia, mai ka manawa kahiko, a ua lilo i ke Akua-Makau ae la na kanaka, na mea kauwa a me ka waiwai kalepa, a me ka hoomaikai pono pono o na wahine, a me ka illustrious luna. Russian Orthodox lāhui kanaka hoʻi i kona hoa i ke Akua, hilinaʻi ma ka malu o ka lani poe hoano, e imi a loaa i loko o ia kākoʻo ma luna o lākou iho ka uhane ala.

Pōkole Kawaihae Serene haku

Kristiano ma Rusia i ka puu o ka nui poʻe haipule o ka defenders. Makua'lii, me Heremogene kekahi mea kanalua kekahi o ka loa nui personalities o Lūkini moolelo o Kristiano. Nui i loko o ka Kawaihae o ke kanaka e aole i hiki maopopo hoomaopopo. Hiki i keia manawa, kākau moʻolelo e pili paio kālaimanaʻo e pili ana nui milestones o kona olaʻana a me ka naue like.

Kawaihae makua'lii me Heremogene kekahi piha o ka guesswork. Ua ua ike i ka mea i hānau i loko o Kazan, i kapaʻia ka inoa o Ermolay. Ke mau lā o ka helehelena o kona hanau mea ike ole ia, moʻolelo lā ia i ka 1530. Ma ka lawelawe kêia kanaka makua'lii definitiveʻikepili mea,ʻaʻole i loaʻa. E like me ka hiki i kekahi mana, me Heremogene kekahi e pili ana i ka genus Rurik-Shumsky, ma ka 'ē aʻe - ia i hele mai, mai ka Don Cossacks. Moʻolelo i hou ihola i ka manaoio i ka wā e hiki mai St. me Heremogene kekahi, Heihei Hoewaʻa o Moscow ua no he makaainana, loa paha ka mea noonoo ole maoli "o na kanaka."

Ka mea mua a me ke kapuai ma Orthodoxy me Heremogene kekahi

Ermolai kana hana ka hoʻomaka 'ana i loko o Kazan mea e ola ai-hoopahaohaoia'na hoailona maʻamau cleric. County kahuna o ka ekalesia o St. Rotehama Kazan, lilo i ka 1579, komo i loko o ka hana pili o ka ho onui ana i ka maka o ka Kazan Mother o ke Akua, a kakau iho la "ka nui o ka kŰia a me ka wailana kupanaha ke kiʻi o ka Kazan Mother o ke Akua," hoouna a laila e Tsar Ivan i ka weliweli.

A mau makahiki ma hope me Heremogene kekahi e monasticism a koke i ka'Abota mua, a laila, Archimandrite Kazan mea e ola ai-hoopahaohaoia'na hoailona. Me Heremogene kekahi hana o ka Bihopa, a me ka hookohu o Kauhalenui Kazan a me Astrakhan i paʻa i loko o May 1589.

Ma kēia kūlana no ka lōʻihi manawa, a me ia mea kokoke 18 o kona mau makahiki, me Heremogene kekahi hana oolea. A me kona kōkua, hanaia no ka hale kupapau o ka kūloko clergy, o 'Imi popularize ka (pinepine hao wale mai) a Karistiano i waena o nā lāhui kanaka o ka Volga. Pio holoʻokoʻa mau ohana i resettled ma kūikawā Luna Hooponopono ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o Russian Orthodox.

Kristiano i hohola i loko o Rusia, e kau ia lākou naʻau,ʻaʻole loa kupaʻa a me ka humane mea, i ka "pegana" kipi i 'ae' ia ka hoʻohana physical hoopai, nā pale poʻohiwi a me ka hoʻopaʻa i loko o ka hale paʻahao. Ma kaʻo Samuel, i hana ia January 1592, Kauhalenui Job makua'lii, i kekahi mau manaʻo koʻikoʻi i ka i loko o nā mea a pau Orthodox ekalesia i ka hoonohoia'na o ka hoomanao ana o Karistiano poe hoike aku a me ka poe koa i waiho iho i ko lakou mau poo ma Kazan ka palekana i ka 1552.

Makua me Heremogene kekahi i loko o ka hana pili o ka hoolilo ana o na kea laa, hemolele Germana Kazanskogo mai ke kapikala a hiki i ke kulanakauhale o Sviyazhsk, a i wahi i ka 1592, he. I ka moʻolelo o ka makua'lii Hermogen makemake ole e piha me ka hoomanao ana o kona nui na makana i ka hana ma luna o ka honua Kazan Orthodox ekalesia a me monasteries, e pili ana i kona komo i loko o ka poni Borisa Godunova a me ka lehulehu, a me ke komo ana o ka nui helu o ka poʻe e noi ana ma ka paia o ka Novodevichy halepule.

Ho okumu ana o ka makua'lii

I ka 1605 i ka noho aliʻi Lūkini pokole i ka wahaheʻe Dmitry I - wahi kanaka kolohe nei, hookohukohu iho la lakou e ia Prince Dmitry, a eia ka mea i pakele, mai Chudov hoailona E Grishkoy Otrepevym. Kauhalenui me Heremogene kekahi o ua kapaia nouveau "mō'ī" a hiki i ka pā hale, e hana i loko o ka papa o ka kenekoa, akā, i ke kanaka me ka hilahila aie i ka mea i ka Polish haku wahine ninau mai bapetizo Lzhedmitriya Mariny Mnishek mua "mō'ī" e mare me ia.

May 17, 1606, ma hope o ka pōkole noho aliʻiʻana, wahaheʻe Dmitry i ousted mai ka noho aliʻi Lūkini, a ua lawe i kona wahi ma ka hope o ke ano o Rurik - Vasiliy Shuysky. Kekahi o kona mau hoʻoholo mua i hoʻokahuli makua'lii Ignatius (ma ke ala, i ka mua Polish protege) a me ke kukulu ana o ka Kauhalenui o Kazan a me Astrakhan i ke ano o ka makua'lii o pau Rusia. Heihei Hoewaʻa o Moscow a me All Rusia, na nā pilikia a hiki i keia olelo hooholo i i hana hou ia. Ma keia kulana, makua'lii, me Heremogene kekahi o ua ka ekalesiaʻeleu a me ka mau hana nona e hooikaika ana Orthodoxy ma ka Lūkini moku'āina.

Great protege o ke Karistiano manaoio, wale aku i ka poe kaua a pau o ka poe enemi o Rusia, makua'lii me Heremogene kekahi, he pōkole Kawaihae i mea ole hiki ke lawa i ke ano o kona ola ana, i na mea nui, hoʻomakaʻana, me kona luli paulele nui i ke Akua, i kona impregnable kupaa ana i loko o kona hoahewa ia, ua kapaia ma ka akau moʻolelo 'paakiki daimana' a 'hou kaula "o ka aina Lūkini.

Ke pili aupuni kulana home 'ole i loko o Rusia

Makua'lii, me Heremogene kekahi, Hawaii photo icons lilelile:

Ke pili aupuni kulana home 'ole i loko o ka State Russian ma ia manawa ua nui loa ka poe. hala i ka noho aliʻi, mai kekahi lima i kekahi, me ka nalu p māmā. Like loa me kekahi o na po ma May 1606 o ka lani kiekie loa boyars, alakaʻiʻia Vasiliya Shuyskogo ( 'elele o kekahi o ka mea nui aliʻi mauʻohana, he mamo no na luna o Suzdal, ka hope Luna o ke ano o Rurik)ʻaʻohe i hoʻonohonoho' kipi.

Ke AIM ua i ka hookahuli ana i ka noho aliʻi Lūkini me ka wahaheʻe Dmitry I a me enthronement Vasiliya Shuyskogo. No ke hoʻokō 'ia kēia hana, mai nā mea a pau Kauhalenui casemates malu, kuu pio i haawiia mai ia mau mea kaua, a ma ka kakahiaka nui o Moscow wahi e makau ka pū waikaua, kono na kanaka a hiki i ka Red Square.

Lūkini kanaka, maluhiluhi o ka luhi o ka Polish, i ka aha, ninini iho ma luna o nā alanui a hiki i ka e kali ana i na mea kaua a me na boyars. I ia manawa, oiai nunui, puni koko kanaka lele lokahi mai i ka luku ana i kaʻauamo, ka iwi kuamoo o ka poe kipi, i alakaʻiʻia e Shumsky, wāwahi i loko o ka n iaainoaoeii neo o ka mō'ī a me ka brutally pepehi i ka wahaheʻe Dmitry I. 1 June 1606 Shuya kauoha aku i ka noho aliʻi ma ka unconditional kākoʻo mai o ka Lūkini Orthodox Church. I mea e hoomaopopo mai ia kanaka o ka pono o keia olelo hooholo, o ka Heihei Hoewaʻa o Moscow a me All Rusia, i ae no ka mea hoʻolilo o Uglich a hiki i ke kapikala o ke kea laa, o ke Tsarevich Dmitry, ka poe i paku ole ia i ka mau nāʻana June 3 o ia makahiki.

troublous manawa

Naʻe, i kēia ana i ole paka i ka pono hopena. Emi iho malalo o ekolu mahina ma hope o nā hanana i wehewehe, nā loko o Rusia i hoomaka ai, e hohola aku i ka lono e pili ana i ka mea kupaianaha hoʻopakele Dmitry, i ka mea allegedly kauoha aku e pakele, mai ka lima mai o ka poe kipi. Hou i haalulu me ka pōʻino ai lākou i ka'āina Lūkini. Nā poʻe hao wale'ākoakoa ma ka akau o ka moku'āina hoole, e hoolohe ana i ke alii. Makua'lii, me Heremogene kekahi wale i loko o ka pilikia manawa no ka aina Lūkini ua kokoke ka poni a ke Akua, i ke aliʻi o Basil.

Ke kahua a puni ka hou Lūkini mō'ī lilo increasingly lolelua ka, he nui kākoʻo Shuisky mua o nā boyars a me na clergy ua huli aku, mai ona aku, a wale me Heremogene kekahi, makua'lii o Moscow, ka poe i pinepineʻia malalo i ka ho'āhewa wale a me ka hoohaahaa ana, stoically hoʻomau e hoomalu aku i ke alii. Lakou i mea hoike o ka hana 'ia e ai i loko o ka hooilo 1609, ka wā ae ho'āʻo ana i Shuisky palapala moʻopane nui kiki i ka Kremlin, e koi aku i ka boyars, e wehe i ka Auguseto Basil ka wā, i pio makua'lii, me Heremogene kekahi, a lawe i ka wahi o ka hooko.

A i kēia manawa, ma ka waena o kupikipikio nui ke kanaka elemakule i imi i ka mālie i ka olelo a ke Akua i ka pono kanaka, e hoomaopopo mai ia "ole e Rose i ka diabolo ka seduction." Kēia manawa, ke coup moku, pili kēia i ke akamai a me ka naueue ole o ka olelo, ka makua'lii la. Akā, i ka mea o ka ekolu haneri kanaka e hoʻokele i pakele i ka hoʻopunipuni i loko o ka hou hoʻolulu ma Tushino pretender.

Ka popoiwi wahi i loko o Lūkini pilikia

Ia manawa, i loko o ka moku'āina, hoomaka ae la e ana aku i hoʻonui i ka loli ma ke kahe ana o ka pilikia. One anu hooilo lā ma Pepeluali 1609 Vasiliy Shuysky komo i loko o ka aelike me ka Kuekene aliʻi Charles IX. Ua hoounaia mai Kuekene poe koa, a hiki i Novgorod, a waiho ma lalo o ke kauoha o ke alii ka keiki i nā luna, Skopin-Shumsky.

United pela Russian a Kuekene na puali koa ana i hao i ka poe koa Tushino pretender, kipaku iā lākou, mai ke kūkulu'ākau mai-komohana Rusia. 'Eʻe' Shumsky a me Charles IX o ka aelike, a me ka komo i ka aina Lūkini ka Kuekene na puali koa i impetus i ka hoʻomaka o ka hamama koa kūpono 'ole o ka Polish King Sigismund ma Rusia. Ma ka Akuma ka o ka ia makahiki, ka Polish koa hele i Smolensk, me ka manao no ka oluolu ka hopu ana i ke kulanakauhale. Akā, ma laila ka mea, ua!

Smolensk bravely a me ka makau ole, kokoke elua lōʻihi makahiki, ku i ka hae o ka auamo. Ma ka hopena, ka hapanui o ka Polish Army relocated mai o Tushino a hiki i ka hoʻopilikia Smolensk, a ma ka hope o ka makahiki, mai Tushino a hiki i Kaluga holo ia iho i ka hoʻopunipuni. I kakahiaka wai 1610 kipi i hoomoanaʻi i loa ka lukuia, a ma luna o March 12, halawai mai la me ke poʻo o ka poʻe me ka ohohia koa Skopin-Shumsky. hoʻoweliweli lawe i ka pilikia-'ē aʻe i loko o Moscow ma, akā, ua 'aʻole i olelo no ka hopena o ke kaua ma kekahi manawa a me nā aggressors - pee ana ma Kaluga a me ka hoʻopunipuni, ka poe i noho paa ma Smolensk Sigismund.

Shumsky kulana i keia manawa i kekahi mau mea hooikaika, ka wā koke make kāna keiki hanauna Hero Skopin-Shumsky. Kona make hiki aku ai i kaʻoiaʻiʻo nalu p hanana. Russian koa i hoʻonoho mai i Smolensk e kū'ē i nāʻauamo, ma lalo o ka noho luna ana o kona kaikaina, ka Auguseto loa luku kokoke i ke kauhale Klushino. Getman Zolkiewski alakaʻi i ka poʻe hao wale Polish a pau ma Moscow, a noho Mozhaisk. Pretender, kaʻohiʻana i ka iho o ka poʻe hao wale ana maluna o neʻe ma ka hema o ke kulanakauhale alii.

Tsar Vasily palapala moʻopane. Opal makua'lii

A pau o kēia mau ona e hanana hōʻailona i ka hopena o Vasiliya Shuyskogo. I ka hapalua like-kauwela 1610 na kipi komo i ka Kremlin hopu i nā boyars, Makua'lii, me Heremogene kekahi ho'ōho i ka hoʻokahuliʻia o ke aliʻi,ʻo ia i limanui aku wehe 'ia mai ke Kremlin. Ka Haku o ka Ekalesia unsuccessfully hou i ka mālie i ka ooloku kanaka, i kēia manawa,ʻaʻole ia i hoolohe oukou ia ia. Ke alii hope no i ka kahiko heihei Rurik i hoʻokahuli, mai ka nohoalii mai o Rusia, i ka mana o ka mōneka, a "a hoʻokuewa wale '" i loko o ka Chudov hoailona, Aia (mua kona luku) ma ka hikina hapa o ka Kremlin ma ka imperial Square.

Me Heremogene kekahi, Heihei Hoewaʻa o Moscow, a ua i hōʻole i ka hana o ke Akua, a me ke aliʻi o Basil, a ma muli naʻe o na mea a pau manaoia oiaio poni ai i ka noho aliʻi Lūkini. Hoohiki ana i nä möneka Shumsky ia i ike no ia i ka mea ana i elue no ke Komisina o ka hoohiki ana o ke ka puana o nā hua'ōlelo hoʻohikiʻana nui 'ana i ka ka poe i lilo i ka möneka.

Ma ka hihia o ka hoʻohikiʻana Vasily hua'ōlelo renunciation a pau nä mea a pau āna i hoʻopuka Tyufyakin Prince - kekahi o na kipi limanui hookahuli ae la i ke alii, mai kona noho aliʻi. Ma ke ala, makua'lii me Heremogene kekahi o a laila Tyufyakina kapaia he möneka. I palapala moʻopane Shumsky, e like me ka moʻolelo, ke hele mai a hiki i ka hopena moku'āina a me ka mau hana o ka Haku, a hoʻomaka i kona makana mua oihana o Orthodoxy.

Mana i loko o ke kapikala ua maopopo pio boyars. Makua'lii, e hina ia i hilahila, ke aupuni i loaa i ka inoa kapakapa "ʻEhiku Boyars" kuli i nā mea a pau i ke koi, i hāpai ', manaʻo, a me Heremogene kekahi koi. Oia la, aka, ma muli naʻe o koke deafened boyars, i keia manawa o kona hoopii lohe loa ka leo nui, a paa, e haawi ana i ka ikaika impetus i ka hoala mai la o Rusia, mai "ka diabolo ka hiamoe."

Ke paio no ka noho aliʻi

Ma hope o palapala moʻopane o Vasily boyars ku mua ano nui nīnau - ka poe i hana i ka hou tsar o Rusia. No ka hoʻoponopono 'i kēia pukana Zemsky Sobor i mālama', i a wahi o ka hoomaopopo, puʻunaueʻia ma waena o nā luna. Me Heremogene kekahi noke i loko o ka manao, e hoʻi ai i ka noho aliʻi Vasiliya Shuyskogo, pono no, a ina keia mea hiki ole i loko o ka poni ana o kekahi o na luna Golitsyn a me ke keiki a ka Rostov Kauhalenui nīnūnē Mikhail Romanov.

E like me ua paipaiʻia ma ka Heihei Hoewaʻa i loko o nā mea a pau Orthodox ekalesia e hana ka pule i ke Akua, no nā 'elele koho i ka Lūkini tsar. Boyars, ma ka huli, e ku mai no ke koho ana i ka nohoalii Lūkini, ke keiki a kekahi Polish alii Sigismund, luna Vladislav. Na auamo, i ko lakou i ka mea uuku ino hoʻohālikelike i ka pakiko-kapaia wahaheʻe Dmitri II a me kona poe Tushino "kaua." Makua'lii wale hoʻomaopopo pehea disastrous no Rusia, e ia i ka wae ala o na boyars.

Mai hoolohe i ka me Heremogene kekahi boyars ka hoʻomaka 'ana naʻe me ka Polish aupuni. I ka hopena o kēia mau kūkaʻi'ōleloʻana i ka berita o ka ahaolelo oʻehiku ma luna o ka poni Aliʻi Ladislas e aliʻi. A me na makua'lii hoike a pau i ka naueue ole o kona ano iʻaneʻi. He kau aku kekahi mau ikaika rula - hiki ole Vladislav lilo i Lūkini tsar ole ia a hiki i ka Orthodox manaoio lawe, e ana mamua i ka hōʻeaʻana mai o Moscow i ka bapetizo ana o ke aliʻi, lawe Vladislav e i wale i ka Lūkini kaikamahine, e ho'ōki a pau ana me ka Hui Pope a me ka katolizizmom i loko o nā mea a pau kona hoike ana. Ua hoʻouna pū ai i nāʻauamo, a me kēia mau koi, i nāʻelele hoi me ka ike pane i ka makua'lii i olelo ia ma ka hihia o ka hoole ana o ka Haku bapetizo i kekahi hou i mea kamaʻilio e pili ana i poni ai ia ia i ka olelo ana, oia noho aliʻi e ole e lawe mai.

betrayal Semiboyarshina

Back to Sigismund hoouna aku ka olelo alai ae e Kauhalenui Filaret a me Prince Golitsyn me ka ike ao i ka Heihei Hoewaʻa o ka lahui koi mai Vladislav hookamaia mai o Orthodoxy. Me Heremogene kekahi hoomaikai i nāʻelele ma ka haawi ana i ka mandate e kupaa ma keia koi, aʻaʻoleʻo Rose i kekahi paena o ke Polish alii.

A laila, i ka hou makua'lii i undergone kŰia. 21 September, i ka po, nā aliʻi hoopunipuni wehe i ka puka o ke kulanakauhale alii o ka Polish poʻe hao wale alakai e Hetman Zolkiewski. Ka Haku ho'āʻo i kipi aku oukou i keia hana. Akā, na boyars pane a pau me ka ukiuki i ka makua'lii, ka ekalesia he mea ole, e ālai ia 'aʻe i nā mea o ko ke ao nei. Sigismund iho Hoʻoholo ihola e lawe i ka nohoalii Lūkini, nae e hui Rusia a hiki i ka Moi Pospolitnoy. A nui helu o boyars makemake e hoohiki, laulea a hiki i ke Polish alii. I huli ai oe, o ka Lūkiniʻelele paa ko ka mandate o ka makua'lii, pono e paku ana i ke aupuni pono o ka Lūkini moku'āina, a me ka Orthodox Kristiano.

Hoʻokahi lā o ka Haku, Germagen hoopii i ka Lūkini kanaka, hooikaika ana ia lakou e kau i kū'ē i ke koho ana o ka Polish alii alii o Rusia. Hot, ua piha oia me ka poe pono makua'lii olelo i kona pahu hopu, loaʻaʻo ia i küpinaÿi i loko o ka naʻau o ka Lūkini kanaka.

Boyars hoouna mai i kekahi palapala me ka 'ae' ana o ka vzoshestvii o King Sigismund, akā, no ka mea, o ka nele o kona inoa Serene Heihei Hoewaʻa o Lūkini elele i hoike ia mai ka manawa mau loa aku ma Lūkini lepo kekahi hana, ina lehulehu paha naita ma, hoomaka iho la ia me ka 'Aha o ka Orthodox clergy. A ka mea, o ka pahu i loko o kaʻikena noho pilikia manawa noho i ka Lūkini moku'āina me ke aliʻi, a laila e ka papa kuhikuhiE arbiter koe makualii Bʻaʻole a me ka noonoo i kekahi hana hiki ole ia me kana kauoha. Hoʻonāukiuki mai e Sigismund pani a pau naʻe, na lunaʻimi hoʻi i Moscow.

Winter ke ahiahi i ka 1610 wahaheʻe Dmitry II i pepehi, sparking jubilation i waena o nā makana Lūkini kanaka. Increasingly ka mea, hoomaka ae la e e kāhea aku a ke no ka expulsion o kaʻauamo, mai ka aina Lūkini. E ua ola makou mahope o kekahi hoike auamo ia lakou iho i kēia manawa. I mai la lakou i ka Heihei Hoewaʻa o Moscow malū palahalaha ae ma ke kulanakauhale mandates, i hooluolu kanaka e hālāwai hoʻeuʻeu, a koke ka hoʻokikina i ke kapikala ka Orthodox Christian ka manaoio, a me ka expulsion o na komohewa e hoʻopale ai.

Kia i ka makua'lii, me Heremogene kekahi i loko o ka Red Square ma Moscow.

Paakiki o ka manaoio a me ka heroism o ka makua'lii

A ua aihue hou i ka makua'lii me Heremogene kekahi hoʻoweliweli. Polish poe kipi a me henchmen hoʻoholo, e hookaawale i ka Heihei Hoewaʻa mai a puni ka honua, e hooki i ka hoike ana o ka makua'lii hoopii i na kanaka.

January 16, i ua kauohaʻia 1611 poʻe hao wale i loko o ka patriarchal pa farmstead ai pepehiiaʻi, powaiaʻi, a me ka Haku, malalo iho o hoohaahaa ana, a me ka kahakaha. Akā, mamua o ka kokoke piha hoʻokaʻawale, ke kahea aku nei i ka Lūkini Orthodox Church o St. māhele i waena o na kanaka. Lūkini kulanakauhale, no ka mea umpteenth manawa ku ae la ma ka pale o ka moku'āina. Militia ia i hoounaia'ku ai i na paia o ke kulanakauhale alii no kona liberation mai Polish komohewa. Ma Feberuari 1611, o ka Heihei Hoewaʻa o ka poe kipi hana hewa, a hoopaa ia ia i loko o ka pouli luawai o ka hoailona Chudov, kahi starved a me ka ole ke kūlana.

Ka Haku me Heremogene kekahi noʻu 17 January 1612 makahiki. ʻOiai moʻolelo e ole i ka manaʻo ma luna o kēia pukana. E like me ka buke i kekahi, ka makua'lii make, mai ka pololi, i ka kekahi - ia ka noonoo eʻapu kōheoheo ma ka kalapona monoxide a brutally umi wale ia.

Kekahi manawa ma hope o ka make ana o ka Moscow mua, i hoolaia mai ai lakou ma ke alo i loko o ka mea, o ka auamo, a me February 21, 1613 i ka nohoalii Lūkini i noho ia e Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, a me Heremogene kekahi kanalua pule aku i ke Akua.

Initially, ua kanuʻia i ka Heihei Hoewaʻa i loko o ka hana mana hoailona. A laila, i ke kino o ka Haku, ka mea i hoʻoholo ai i ka neʻeʻana i ka mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui - he pantheon no na clergy kiʻekiʻe ma Moscow. Ua Ua loaʻa i ka mana o ka haipule i koe incorrupt, no ka mea, i lalo i ka honua,ʻaʻole e noho ana i ka koe. Makua'lii canonization i wahi i ka 1913.