Microsomal'okesaside: he lākou o nā reactions

Ke kūlana o ka microsomal'okesaside i loko o ke ola o ka meaola i ole e overestimate paha e hala. Inactivation o xenobiotic (ʻawahia waiwai), ka'opi a me ke kahua o ka adrenal hormones komo i loko o ka pūnao o nā polokina a me ka mālama 'ana o ka' ike aaiaoe - mea wale nō heʻuʻuku hapa iki o ka ikeia pilikia i Wehewehe i nā hāʻina i ke aloha i ka microsomal'okesaside. He he hana nona iho kaʻina i loko o ke kino, i ka mea i holo aku ma hope o kona ku ma ke kāhea waiwai a pau me kona elliminatsiey.

ka wehewehena

Microsomal'okesaside - he cascade o reactions me loko o ka mua huli ana pae o xenobiotics. Ke ae pā o ke kaʻina moe i loko o ka hydroxylation o ka waiwai me ka o oxygen nā'ātoma a me ke ano wai. Aie i ka mea hou i loko o ka 'ole o ka palapala mea, a me kona waiwai e kekahi e uhi pū paha listen.

Microsomal'okesaside lawe oe i ka conjugation naoh. Kēia lua o ka pae loli 'o xenobiotics, i ka pauʻana o ka a i kekahi iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai pūʻulu ua pili nā lātoma hua mai la i loko o ke kino. I kekahi manawa, ho okumu ana i waena waiwai i i ke kelepona hele ake poino, necrosis a me'aʻaʻa degeneration o oncology.

'okesaside oxidaseʻano

Microsomal'okesaside reactions ana ma waho o ka mitochondria, a no ia mea, ua hoʻopauʻia ka hola umi pakeneka o ka huina o oxygen komo i ke kino. Key nā'ūhū i loko o kēia kaʻina - oxidase. I kā lākou 'ole, i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia nā'ātoma i ike i ee iaaanu aey valence, e like me ka hao, molybdenum, keleawe, etc., a no ia mea, e hiki eʻae electrons mea. Ma ka halepaahao oxidase ke aupuni 'o kekahi vesicles (peroxisomes) aia ma luna o ka pā mitochondrial membranes, a ma EPR (hoʻonaninani endoplasmic reticulum). Kūpapakū e haule ana ma ka peroxisome nalowale hydrogen nā lātoma, a i pili i ka lātoma o ka wai , e lilo peroxide.

He elima wale oxidases:

- monoaminooksigenaza (Mao) - kōkua e oxidize adrenaline a me nā biogenic amines hua mai la ia e ka adrenal glands;

- diaminooksigenaza (DAO) - komo i loko o ka'okesaside o histamine (uwao o ka li nui, a allergies), polyamines a me diamines;

- L-'aminoʻakika oxidase ( 'o ia hoʻi, levorotatory nā lātoma);

- D-'aminoʻakika oxidase (dextrorotatory nā lātoma);

- xanthine - oxidize adenine a me ka guanine (naikokene kumu me loko o ka DNA lātoma).

Ke kumukuai o ka oxidaseʻano microsomal'okesaside ninoieo i loko o ka hoʻopau o xenobiotics a inactivate biologically hana waiwai. Education peroxide i ka bactericidal hana, a me ka mechanical e hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻiaʻana o ka hewa o kaʻaoʻao kanawai a ninoaaeyao he wahi nui mawaena o nā 'ole.

'okesaside oxygenaseʻano

Oxygenaseʻano naoh i loko o ka halepaahao ua i lawe wahi ma luna o ka ino endoplasmic reticulum a me ka mitochondria membranes vneschnih. Kēia pono ho'ākāka nā'ūhū - oxygenase e hoala mai i ka oxygen ma lātoma mai ka kūpapakū, a i hoʻolaunaʻia ma ka mea i loko o ka oxidizable waiwai. Inā hoʻokō kekahi o oxygen'Ātoma, ka monooxygenase'ūhū kapaia paha hydroxylase. Ma ka hihia o nā nā'ātoma (a laila, he holoʻokoʻa lātoma o ka oxygen) i hoʻolaunaʻia ma, ua kapaia ka'ūhū diaksigenaza.

Oxygenaseʻano'okesaside naoh ka loaʻa o ka ternary multienzyme eiiieaena e komo ia haumāna ma ka hoolilo ana o electrons a me protons mai ka kūpapakū hahai ma ka ho'ā hope o ka oxygen. Kēia holoʻokoʻa kaʻina ia lŘlŘ me ke komo 'ana o ka cytochrome P450, a e nō e ho'ākāka' ia i loko o hou au mamuli.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike oxygenaseʻAno reactions

E like me ka olelo ma luna, monooxygenase no ka'okesaside hoʻohana wale kekahi o oxygen'Ātoma o ka mau loaʻa. ʻO ka lua, ka mea e pili ana i nā nā lātoma o ka hydrogen, e lilo ka wai. Kekahi laʻana o ia ka naoh o ke kahua o ka collagen. oxygen ma kona mau pou ma keia hihia hana like wikamina C. Prolingidroksilaza kāʻili aʻe i kā ia o ka o oxygen lātoma, a haawi ia e proline, i ka huli ka hapa o ka procollagen lātoma. Kēia kaʻina hana i hāʻawi mai i ka ikaika a me ka elasticity o connective'aʻaʻa. A hiki aku ka mea, he deficiency o ka wikamina C, i ka ulu gout. Ua hoike mai ai ia i ka nawaliwali o ka connective'aʻaʻa, kahe ana ke koko, i pēpē, lilo o ka niho,ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka mea e like ai o ka collagen i loko o ke kino o lalo nei.

Kekahi laʻana o ka hydroxylase e hoohuli mai naʻokoko lātoma. 'O kēia kekahi o nā kuʻina o ke kahua o steroid hormones, me keka.

mea i maopopo hydroxylase

Kēia hydrolase pono no ka'okesaside o na waiwai, e like me xenobiotics. Ke ano o na reactions mea e hana i ka mea oi amenable i ka wehe 'ana, oi wailana. Kēia kaʻina ua kapaia detoxification, a ia ia lŘlŘ ka hapanui i loko o ke akepaʻa.

Ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka pau o ka lātoma o oxygen ua hua mai i loko o ka nahā i xenobiotics kalapona reactions a me decomposition o ka luna' waiwai i loko o kekahi mau simpler a me ka loaʻa no ka metabolic keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Kū'ē ka oxygen? Ueo

Ka oxygen mea he palena papaha mea pepehi waiwai, mai, ma ka mea, o ka'okesaside - he'ā kaʻina. Ma ka palapala o ka O ₂ nā lātoma ka wai, a me ka hale lio, a chemically inert, no ka mea, ua piha kona mana 'ilikai a me ka hiki ole hou electrons hui. Naʻe, i huiʻia ma i ka oxygen ma uaʻaʻole i nā mea a pau he mea kekahi paʻa o nā electrons i kiʻekiʻe reactivity. No ia mea, ua kapaia lakou he hana ka mea.

Oia ka oxygen i huiʻia:

1. Ma monooksidnyh reactions hua superoxide i ua hookaawale, mai ka cytochrome P450.
2. Ke oxidase reactions o ke kahua o peroxide anion (hydrogen peroxide).
3. Iloko o ka hou-oxygenation o nā'aʻaʻa, i akaaka malu ischemia.

Ka loa ikaika loa oxidizer mea he hydroxyl'ano'ē, ka mea i koe i loko o ka noa ano pono he millionth o ka lua, akā, i loko o ia manawa i manawa e hele aku ma ka helu o ka'okesaside reactions. Kona hiʻona mea i ka hydroxyl'ano'ē e loli ai i ka waiwai ma ka wahi i loko i ua hana, e like me ka mea hiki ole komo iloko o ka lole wale.

Superoxide anion a me ka hydrogen peroxide

Mau waiwai i hana,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka wahi o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, akā, kekahi ma kekahi mamao mai ia lakou, e like me ka mea hiki ke komo iloko ma ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi.

Hydroxyl pūʻulu kumu ka'okesaside o ka'aminoʻakika residues: histidine, cysteine a me ka tryptophan. Ua hiki aku i ka inactivation o ka'ūhū nenoai, e like me ka hoʻohuikau o ka amo nā polokina. Eia hou kekahi, microsomal'okesaside o'amino nāʻakika hele aku ai i ka make ana o ka 'ole o nukelea nitrogenous waihona ipu, a, nolaila, e ae mai oe i ka aaiaoe nakeke o ka halepaahao. A oxidized momoma nāʻakika mea e i ka halepaahao membranes bilipidnogo, ahu iho. Keia e loli ai lākou permeability, hana electrolyteʻili lahilahi EII ni, a me ka wahi o ka mea loaʻa.

Nā mea kūpale o microsomal'okesaside - i antioxidants. Ka mea i loaʻa i loko oʻai, a ua hua mai i loko o ke kino. Ka loa loa-ike antioxidant ka wikamina E. kēia mau waiwai ke inhibit microsomal'okesaside. Biochemistry ho'ākāka ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o ia mau mea ma luna o ke kulanui i nā manaʻo. Ia mea, no ka nui oxidases, na oi ka mea, ua uhi pū, a me ka hope versa. Kēia kōkua e malama i ke koena ma waena o nā nenoai a me ke kūpaʻa o ka maloko kaiapuni.

uila amo kaulahao

Microsomal'okesaside'ōnaehana mea i wailana i loko o ka cytoplasm o na eiiiiiaiou no laila, i nā mea a pau o kona nā'ūhū i ohi ia ma ka ili o ka endoplasmic reticulum. Kēia'ōnaehana nā mau nā polokina, a hana i ka electrotransport huakai kaapuni.

- NADPH-P450 reductase a me ka cytochrome P450;

- ALOHA-tsitohromV5 reductase a me ka cytochrome B5;

- steatorrhea-CoA desaturase.

Ka huina'ine mau pou ma ka hapanui o na hihia i nāʻoihana'ē aʻe a NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide posapahate). Ua oxidizes NADPH-P450 reductase, i maupaʻa mau coenzyme (FAD a me FMN), no ka lawe electrons. I ka pau ana o ke kaula FMN oxidized hoʻohana 'P450.

cytochrome P450

Kēia'ūhū o ka microsomal'okesaside o ka heme-i loaʻa kumuʻiʻo. Ua hoopaa ana i oxygen, a me ka kūpapakū (IeAUPIIe, IAa IO he xenobiotic). Kona inoa ua pili i ke omo o ka malamalama me ka ke kōā o ka 450 HI. Ua loaa ia Biologists i loko o nā mea a pau e noho ana meaola. Ma ka manawa, i ho'ākāka 'oi ma mua o umikumamakahi tausani nā polokina pili ana i ka cytochrome P450 nenoaiu. Ma koʻohune, i ka waiwai ua mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka cytoplasm, a me ka mea, ua manaoio ia keia palapala i ka loa evolutionarily kahiko ma mua ia o nā kānaka. Mākou cytochrome P450 - he mural kumuʻiʻo paa ma ka cytoplasmicʻili lahilahi.

ʻO nā'ūhū o keia pae i komo i loko o ka pūnao o steroid a me ka bile momoma nāʻakika, phenols, neutralizing ai ', hoomake iho no hoi paha ai'.

Nā waiwai o ka microsomal'okesaside

ʻO keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka microsomal'okesaside i ka palahalaha kūpapakū specificity, a me keia, ma ka huli, e leie aku e huai ae i keʻano o ka waiwai. He umikumamakahi tausani nā polokina cytochrome P450 hiki e pelupelu ia i oi aku mamua o hookahi haneri a me kanalima isoforms o ka'ūhū. Kēlā me kēia no ia i ka nui loa o substrates. He mau hiʻohiʻona nō ke kino, e pakele no aneane a pau o nā palapala 'ona a mea i hanaʻia i loko a haule mawaho. Ka hana ana ma ke akepaʻa microsomal'okesaside nā'ūhū e hana nā Tuamotu, a ma ka nui mamao mai ke kino.

I ka rula o ka ha awina o microsomal'okesaside

Microsomal'okesaside ma ke akepaʻa ua hooponopono ma ka mRNA pae, akā, e aho kona kuleana pili - EKOLU. All Lolina o cytochrome P450, no kekahi laʻana, i kākau i ka DNA lātoma, a me ka mea iʻikeʻia ma luna o ESR pono i "rewrite" ka 'ike mai ka DNA i kaʻelele RNA. A laila, mRNA ua kauoha e ribosome kahi kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma i hana. Ua hooponopono ia ka helu o kēia nā lātoma mai o ka mawaho, a ua kalele iho ma luna o ke dala o ka waiwai a pono e deactivated, a me ka loaʻa nui o ka nui'amino nāʻakika.

Currently, elua haneri a oi aku mamua o ke kanalima-i ho'ākāka 'ia Nine Inch i huiʻia e haʻalele i ke kino microsomal'okesaside. O nā barbiturates, onaona hydrocarbons, waiʻona mai ke kino, a me ketones hormones. I loko nō o kēia maopopo 'ano, a pau kēia mau waiwai i lipophilic (wailana i loko o kona kaikea a), a nolaila, susceptible i ka cytochrome P450.