Moldavian SSR: mōʻaukala o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, ano, wahi a me na kulanakauhale. Nā lima a me ka hae Moldovan SSR

He 'atikala e nana i ka mea a ka Moldavian SSR. Keia repubalika i aia i loko o ka lōʻihi komohana hema o ka Europa Hoʻohana o ka Soviet Union, ma i ia mea mahele. MSSR i hanaia i ka 1940, ma Augate 2, a ua disbanded i loko o ka makahiki 1991, 27 August. Ma ka hikina, kūkulu'ākau, a ma ke kūkulu hema ia kona palena me ka Ukrainian SSR, a ma ke komohana - me Romania. I ka 1989, kona heluna kanaka ua 4337 tausani kanaka. ua Chişinău City ke kapikala o ke MSSR.

Ka nui na kulanakauhale o Moldova i ka 1989, he Chişinău (667,100 poʻe e noho ana), Tiraspol (181 900 poʻe e noho ana), Balti (158 500 poʻe e noho ana), Bender (130 000 poʻe e noho ana). Iloko o na makahiki o Soviet mana , mai kauhale a me nā kauhale o ka mua, a mahuahua nui ke kulanakauhale Ungheni, Rybnitsa, Floresti, Edinet, Ceadir-Lunga, Comrat.

E pili ana i ka USSR Bessarabia

Ke Soviet ke aupuni i ka 1940, 26 a me June 27, hoouna mai memo elua a hiki i ka Lomānia alakaʻi, a koi urgently e ke hoʻokō 'ia ka hana o Bessarabia. Lomānia lei ahalunakanawai, ua hikiʻole ke kiʻi i ke kākoʻo o Kelemania, a Italy, no laila, i, e haawi ae i ka Soviet? Eia. Ke Lomānia Aupuni aponoia ka manaʻo memo mai June 28, 1940 ma ka hoi ana mai o Bessarabia, i ke ano a me ka manawa o ka withdrawal o kona mau papa, a me ka hooponopono. Red Army huahelu komo i ka ia lā (28 June) i loko o ka'āina o Bessarabia RSFSR.

I ka hooponopono ana o ka 9th Army i disbanded ma Iulai 10. Bessarabia a me ka aina koa i koe ma kēia mau aina i lilo i kekahi hapa o ka Odessa Koa Apana.

ho okumu

I ka 1940, August 2, e paa ana ia VII Ahaolelo o ka Aha Soviet o ka USSR, a hoohana ke kānāwai ma luna o ke kukuluia'na o ka Union o ka Moldavian Repubalika.

Moldavian SSR i loko o kona haku mele 'ana i nā kēia nā panalāʻau e: 6 counties o Bessarabia (Bender, Balti, Chisinau, Cahul, Soroca, Orhei) a me 6 apana o ka mea kahiko Moldavian ASSR (. Dubossarskii, Kamensky, Grigoriopol, Rybnitsa, Tiraspol, Slobozia) Na koe mau MASSR, a a me Ismail, Akkerman a me Khotin apana o Bessarabia i laila 'o ia i ka Ukrainian SSR.

Hope, i ka 1940, ma ka 4 November, ka USSR Aha Soviet Presidium palapala i kekahi kānāwai i hoopaa i ka loli o nā palena ma waena o ka MSSR, a me ka USSR. Koke ma mua o kēia, Molotov a me Schulenburg manao i nā berita, i kulike ai me ia i ka Kelemānia kanaka mai Hawaii Bukovina (oi ma mua o 14,000) a me Hawaiian Bessarabia (ma kahi o 100,000) i deported i Germany. A laila, ma luna o ka'āina me ka waiwaiʻole o ka hoonohoia'na o ka mea aina, kahi kanaka i kono ia Ukraine.

Hanaia'na o ka Moldavian SSR i lawe mai hikiwawe loa. Ka 'ole o ka repubalika komo pū 61 e hooponopono noho i loko o ka nui o ka 55 000 kanaka (14 noho i loko o nā wahi ma mua MASSR, 1 kauhale, Cahul Apana, 46 kauhale o ka Bender kalana). Ma ka Ukrainian SSR neʻe 96 kauhale me ka heluna kanaka o 203 000 kanaka (76 kauhale o Khotyn Apana, 14 - Akkerman a me 6 - Ismail counties).

Mau hoʻololi i kūpaʻa ma ka mea i loko o na kauhale o ka Ukrainian SSR hooholoia lanakila Bulgarian, Ukrainian a me ka Lūkini kanaka, a hoouna aku la i ka Moldavian SSR - Gagauz a me Moldovan.

hopena

E like me ka hopena, i ka MSSR ua ka iho ?? eoi? Mea 33,7 tausani sq. Km, a me ka heluna o 2,7 miliona uhane, o ka i 70%, he Moldovans. lilo Chisinau i kapikala o ka repubalika. Ma hope iho o ka reorganization o Bessarabia, ka Moldavian SSR ua nalowale 10 tausani sq. Km o ka aina a me ka 0.5 miliona kanaka.

He Ua hopuia a deported 8000 I ka 1940, i ka lāhui 'ōiwi kanaka, a ma ka 1941 13 June - oi ma mua o 30 tausani.

Bessarabia i na makahiki kaua

Iloko o ka Apana World War Bessarabia noho komo i loko o ke kaua ma luna o nā kaua aoao elua. Ke Lomānia pūʻali koa i kapaʻia 10,000 Bessarabians: ka mea, kaua aku la i ka Soviet Union, a ua haawi mai oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ia i ka uhane. Ke liberation o ka Moldavian SSR, mai ka Lomānia hana ana i ka makahiki 1944. Once ka repubalika i ka Soviet poʻe hao wale, hele aku la i ka mea mua 256 000 poʻe e noho lā ma Moldova, o ka i loko o 1944-1945 i nalowale i ka ola o ka 40 592 kanaka.

Ka helu wehewehe kulana home 'ole

No laila, ua noʻonoʻo mākou i ke kahua o ka Moldavian SSR. Aha i hele ma? , Ua hoouna ia ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka hou repubalika o ka USSR i ka waihona Bedroom i 448 miliona rubles. Mua o nā mea a pau, ola ae la ia na alahaka a me ka laina o ka 'ōlelo ma ka Dniester exploded emi Lomānia kaua. no ka Red Army i hoouna mai ai i ka ke kūkulu houʻana o ka oicyenoaaiiie nāʻoihana e kōkua i ka kūloko heluna. A pau o ka Nistru muliwai e holo September 19, makahiki 1944 ua kukulu hou ia, a ma Moldova lilo hiki ana i hana a me ka lako a pan. I ka hooilo makahiki 1945, i ka repubalika i ua laweia mai lako a pan no ka 22 o ka nui a papa hana.

Ka-yeiiiie?

E hoihoi mai hana Moldavian SSR loaa lanahu (226,000 tons), ferrous ke hooheheeia (20,000 tons), aila huahana (51 000 nā kana). By analogy me ka pae o ke kō i ka 1940 i hua mai i ka makahiki 1945 oi ma mua o 16%, ka luna Jersey ma ka 36%, aila 84%, pōhaku lepo ma ka 42%, uila ma ka 48% a me ka ili kamaa ma ka 46%. 226 Ua? Aeiino? Like, a 60 aina.

He nui Soviet republics (ʻano nui RSFSR) Moldova Neʻe holoholona (10,800 poo), hipa (47 700 poo), anoano (17.4 tons), lio (17 300 ke poo), he 'ana i kūpono no ka aaioee i nā mahinaʻai, a oi. Eia naʻe, ma ka MH 1946, i ka wi, a me ka helu ana o na holoholona laka, hoomaka ae la e hoole. Ke'ōlelo mai, mai ka 25 000 hipa a me nā kao kāne, nae ka RSFSR, ma ka makahiki 1947, ua koe i hou aku 18 000 poo. I ka 1949, i deported ka pomaikai kauwa, mai ka'āina, a me kā lākou mau lako a pan: pono, ka aina, na holoholona a me nā meakanu - Neʻe i like aina.

pololi

Me oe e ike, he kilakila kōkua loaa Moldavian SSR. Ka moʻolelo hele ia ma ka muli naʻe o keia, ma ka aina o ka ulia i hele mai i loko o 1946, nae, like me nā wahi o ka USSR. Ma Bessarabia ua ai shortages ma hope o ka pauʻana o ke Kaua Honua II, a hiki i ka makahiki 1945, aoʻana aʻe maloo kauwela. Ma muli o ka nele o ka ai i ka helu ana o na hihia (ʻano nui aihue) mahuahua dramatically.

No ka mea, o ka ulia, mahiʻai i ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka hoole, e haawi no i ka wa e ohi ai (oi berena) mana. I kekahi manawa, ka mea a pau like 'auʻa laulā ohi huahana. Kēia mau mea i hana ', i nā luna i kapaia o "na mea o unhealthy Hanalei Moon". Ia mea ke kumu o ka alakaʻi o ka USSR hookuuia Moldova, mai ka lako hou i ka ai kekahi i loko o nā Soviet republics, a me ka Army Red.

It E e kaulana ia mai ka makahiki 1947, a hiki i Moldova mai na republics o ka Soviet Union laweia keu ai na lako.

Sovietization

Ke Soviet ke alakaʻi, e hoʻomau i ke kulekele o Sovietization, 1940, kau no ka mea, o ka mea kaua. Power dynamically hooikaika ma ka aina. Ka Aha Soviet o ka Moldavian Soviet Socialist Repubalika a me ke aupuni ma hope hoi mai, mai ke piʻoloke, mua waihoia ma Soroca, a laila, neʻe akula i Chisinau. Alakai e kūkulu hou i ka kūloko Aupuni: ka 'āina' hooko Komite i hanaia ma ka pololei o kēia Ma ka haule ana o ka makahiki 1944 i hoomaka ai e hana i ke kulanakauhale hooko Komite, e like me kua'āina, Apana a me kalana. Ua Ua? Aeiino? Hana hoopii a me ka hookolokolo.

Presidium o ka Aha June 16, 1949 a puka mai ke kānāwai ma luna o ke kukuluia'na o ka Apana Hooko Komite, kulanakauhale, kalana a me ka kauhale. October 16 Ua paʻi he hou paa e kukulu i ka abolition o counties a me ka apana. Kōkua - Ma December 1947, i hoʻonohonoho ke koho i loko o ka kūloko ke aupuni i loko o ke aupuni no ka manawa mua ma hope o ka kaua. Executive Komite koho ia i ka Ahaolelo mua o ka Soviets. Oihana'ōnaehana a me kekahi kauoha a hana ma lalo o ka hooko Komite.

deportations

Na kauwa, nana i kauoha aku i ke kilakila nui o ka waiwai, kākoʻoʻia Romania i ka 1941. Keia papa i koe i loko o Moldova a hiki i 1949. I nā makahiki 1944-1945, i koi ia e ikaika dekulakize mau populations ka Soviet alakaʻi. Puupuu lima a me ka waiwai i loko o ka kūloko wahi makai i ka mooolelo. Ke Soviet aupuni Ua pōpilikia ia i ka MH 1946, noho iho la ma ka mokuna o Moldova 27 025 ponoi'āina ona.

Ma hope o ke kaua, he wi ma ka aina, no laila, ua loaʻa i ka Anati-Soviet neʻeʻana. Iwaena o kua'āina kupa loa loli ana i ka pololi, i haawi leaflets kahea kanaka, e pale aku i ka Soviet aupuni. A me ka Anati-Soviet leaflets hoopuka ia i ka haipule kuhikuhi, hohola iho la lakou i ka kūloko, noloko mai.

I ka 1949 April 6th Politburo o ka CPSU (b) palapala i ke kauoha no ka eviction o Bessarabia, mua cultists, kulaks, landowners, nā mea hoʻopukapuka kālā a me ka poʻe i kōkua i ke Kelemānia, a Lomānia komohewa, a kōkua i ka 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko. Mawaho o ka aina hoʻokuke akula a pau lākou poʻe'ōhua. Kēia kaʻina ua kapaia "hana" South ". Moldova 11 290 ohana o ka 40 860 kanaka i deported. Expropriated waiwai hala i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o ka mana a me ka moku'āina like aina, a me nā hale a me nā hale kuai i kekahi kanaka.

Moldova ua hapa o ka Soviet Union no 47 makahiki a hiki i August 27, 1991, ma mua o ka olelo hoolaha o kona kūʻokoʻa.

hoʻomalu mahele

Aha i hele mai e ho i ka Moldavian SSR? kona apana ma ka nui o 52 iniha, kapuaʻi, i ka hopena o ka mahele ana i na counties o November 11, 1940. 6 hou wahi o ka aina la, mai ka Moldavian ASSR.

Moldova paa i ke kēia counties:

• Bendersky (Bender, Kaynarsky, Volontirovsky, Comrat, Kaushansky, Cimislia Romanovsky a mau mea);
• Balti (Bolotinsky, Balti, Briceni, Bratushansky, Edinet, Glodeni, Kishkarensky, Lipkansky, Korneshtsky, Rîşcani, Singerei, Skulyansky, Faleshtsky Ungheni a mau mea);
• Kishinevsky (Buzhorsky, Budeshtsky, Kishinevsky, Calarasi, Kotovskij, Nisporeni, Leova a me Străşeni);
• Cahul (Vulcaneshti, Baymakliysky, Kagul, Taraclia, Kangazsky Ciadîr a-Lunga mau);
• Soroksky (Vertyuzhansky, Ataksky, Zguritsky, Drochia, Cotiujanschi, Soroksky, Ocnita, Floresti Tarnovski a mau mea);
• Orhei (Kiperchensky, Bravichsky, Criuleni, Raspopensky, Orhei, Rezina, Telenesti a me Suslensky like).

Moldova i hahai i ka Republican koho apana:

• Dubossarskii;
• Grigoriopol;
• Rybnitsa;
• Kamensky;
• Tiraspol;
• Slobozia.

He aha aʻe komo Moldavian SSR? Republican koho kūlanakauhale i kēia mau ana ma keia aina:

• Chişinău;
• Balti;
• Bender;
• Tiraspol.

alakaʻi

Pela, ke Moldavian Soviet Socialist Repubalika i loko o 1940 hapa o ka Soviet Union. Kona papa kiʻekiʻe'ōnaehana hana i ka Moldovan Communist Party, a ua hapa o ka CPSU. I ka makahiki 1990, i ke ana o multiparty ke koho ana i hoomaka ai. Ua ua ike i ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa kino o ka Communist Party o ka MSSR i ka Central Komite (CC). I 1940-1990, alai ae i ke kakauolelo mua o ka repubalika o Moldova CP.

I ka makahiki 1990, ma hope o ka April ke koho ana, i hana i kaʻahahui o ka "Popular Front" ( 'ole-Communist i ka hoʻolālā) a me kekahi lālā o ka hooponopono ana o ka Moldovan Communist Party, hōʻole i Communist ideology. Kēia i lewa i loko o ka puunaue ana o alakai pou: ma ke poʻo o ka mea hooko i ka mana e kū ana i nā 'elele o ka "People ka Front", a me kau - i ka mua Communists. Mai April 27 i September 3, makahiki 1990 i ka lāʻau kū o ka Luna hoomalu o ka Aha Soviet o ka Moldavian paa Mircea Snegur. Konaʻo ia i ka 1990, September 3 Ua koho pelekikena o ka repubalika. Mircea Druk ua lunahoomalu o ka 'Aha o Kuhina o 25 May 1990 i 28 May 1991, a laila, i kēia wahi i noho Muravskiy Valery.

Ka Aha Council

He aha ua i ka lani kiekie loa kau kino o Moldova i 1940-1991 makahiki? Ka mea, ua i ka Aha Council (unicameral), i lunakanawai (koe nae ka 1991 ke koho), i koho ia unopposed ma luna o ka muli o 4 makahiki (5 makahiki mai 1979). Mamua o ke koho ana, moho i aponoia e ke alakaʻi o ka Communist Party o Moldova.

Ka Aha Council i ole he paʻa hui, kona mau lala houluulu 2-3 manawa o ka makahiki i ka Ahaolelo, a mau ae la ia i kekahi mau lā. E hoʻomaka hoʻomalu hana noke koho nā loea kālai'āina hana Keʻena Pelekikena, noʻonoʻo o nā poʻo o ka repubalika.

kapa o na mea kaua

Ano, e noonoo i ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ka Moldavian SSR. He He aupuni hōʻailona o ka Moldavian SSR, ma muli o ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ka Soviet Union. E like me ka 167th 'atikala o ke Kumukanawai o Moldova, i aponoia i ka makahiki 1978, April 15, inā loaʻa i ke kiʻi o ka hāmare a me ka pahi, waiho i loko o ka lā. He haku mele 'ana ua puni ka pepeiao o ka palaoa, pepeiao o ka palaoa, he pua kiele o nā hua waina a me kaʻulaʻula lipine, ma i loaʻa nā palapalaia maluna penei: ma ka lalo i hiki palapala "RSSM" ma kaʻaoʻao'ākau, oe ke heluhelu i ka Lūkini slogan, Ma ka hema - keia mea he hopuna'ōlelo kākau i loko o "Proletarians o nā'āina, hui pu iho la!" Moldovan ōlelo. Ma ka luna o ke kapa ana o na mea kaua hoʻonaniʻia me ka elima-kuhikuhi mai la lakou hoku.

Kapa o nā mea Kaua o ka Moldavian SSR loaʻa paha kekahi mau wale nō. Initially, ia mea i kekahi mau mea okoa, mai ia o ka weuweu pela o ka hua'ōlelo "hoohui" ka Moldovan 'ōlelo a me ka lōʻihi o ka la ka kukuna. Ka hou ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ka Lepupalika i aponoia ma ka hōʻike weheana Ahaolelo o ke aupuni o Moldova, a i wahi i ka 1990, ma ka 3 November.

ia? aiina

A me ka mea nana e like me ka hae o ka Moldavian SSR? He He mau huinahń mau-kapakahi lole meaʻulaʻula, i ka piko o ka a he piha-loa pena uliuli ka paopaoʻana. Ma kaʻulaʻula kāʻei kua i loko o ka luna hema kihi o ke kumu hapa o ka höʻailona o ka MSSR - ka hāmare a me ka pahi, a me ka elima-kuhikuhi gulaʻulaʻula hoku, hoopuni kia ao gula palena.

Green koa ninoaaeyao kekahi hapaha o ka laula o ka lole. Hammer a me ka pahikakiwi kākauʻia i loko o ka mana huinahalike, i kaʻaoʻao o ka i hoʻopili like i kekahi hapalima o ka laula o ka hae. Ke 'au o ka hāmare a me ka pahi ma luna o haahaa kihi o ka huinahalike, a he pahikakiwi huhuiʻanuʻu ma ka waena konu o kona keenaʻaoʻao.

Five-kuhikuhi mai la lakou hoku ua hoi depicted iʻike mau kaiapili anawaena like i ka hapaʻumi o ka laula o ka pūnaewele puni honua. MSSR'ōnaehana apono ia keia hae manao paa o January 31, 1952. Next panel i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka pauku 168 o ke Kumukanawai o ka MSSR 1978.

E manaolana ana ma hope o kā mākou 'atikala heluhelu, e loaa i ka piha kiʻi o ka Moldavian SSR.