Morphology ma kālaimeaola: ka manaʻo o

Mai ka manawa i noho 'ana kamaliʻi, kela mea keia mea o makou ike i ka morphology o ka māheleʻano nui o ka grammar. Naʻe, i kēia manaʻo i kekahi ano. He aha ka morphology ma kālaimeaola? Kēia a oe e aʻo mai i kēia 'atikala.

Morphology ma kālaimeaola

Kālaimeaola o ka 'epekema o ka luna' ola. Ua loaʻa o keʻano o ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana. Kekahi o ia mau mea - morphology. I kālaimeaola, ka 'epekema o ka' ole o ka meaola. I ka mea kākau o kēia manaʻo - ka honua kaulana haku mele a me ka naturalist mai Germany Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Kana mau hana lehulehu e pili ana i ke ao o ka mea mawaho hiʻona o nā mea kanu, me nā'anatomia, manaÿo o homologous nā loko , a metamorphoses.

Hoomau iho la lakou like ana o kēia manaʻo a me kona evolutionary manaʻo nui o Russian Academician Aleksey Nikolaevich Severtsov. He mea ka i hoʻokumu o Animal Morphology. Ma ke kumu o ka me nā embryological iaoia nä känaka 'epekema i hana i kekahi kuhiakau no ke kumu o vertebrates, a ua alakai mai i ka helu o kona hoike. Together me kona haumāna Ivan Ivanovich Schmalgauzenom ia i manaoia i ka manaʻo o morphological ka holomua a me ka regress like kumumea o evolution.

Endonomiya

Morphology like liluwelo ka hoʻopaʻi kikowaena ka papa kuhikuhi elua. Ka mua o kēia mau haʻawina i nā hiʻona o ka mea mawaho 'ole. More kaʻoi loa e wehewehe i ka morphology haʻawina ma ka kālaimeaola, he mea hiki no laila,: ka kiʻiona hiʻona o like meaola. O nā kinona, ka nui, kala like 'ole, ka helu o nā hale i nā māhele o ke kino. Morphological ana o kekahi o nā kumumea e ho oholo ai ka? Ueo ano pono'ī.

No ka lōʻihi manawaʻo ia i ka mea wale nō kekahi ma nā mea a pau. Akā, hou haʻawina i hoomaopopoiaʻepekema ma ka hapa unreliability o keia ana. No ka laʻana, ma ke ano maoli, aia nō he lawa ka helu ana o na holoholona a i wehewehe aku e moe dimorphism. O kŰia ninoieo i loko o ka mea e kāne a pau a me ka wahine o ka ua? Ueo OAOOUIEeE nunui mai kekahi i kekahi ma kā lākou mau helehelena. Ka mea, nā pīkoka, pheasants, HEN a me ka moa, guppy iʻa.

'anatomia

Ka lua o ka pauku, i ka loaʻa o ke morphology ma ka kālaimeaola, Pilikanaka ka maloko 'ole o ka meaola. He kapa'anatomia. Ua kuhikuhi ana ua noonoo ka morphology o ka 'ole o ka hui ma ka' ilikai ai i ka mea ma luna o ka halepaahao. O nā'aʻaʻa, a me ka meaola. Ka papa kuhikuhi o keia 'epekema o ka'anatomia o nā mea kanu, a me nā holoholona kānaka.

Ma kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao likeʻole o embryonic? Acaeoey, nä känaka 'epekema i hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i ka maloko' ole o ka meaola o okoa taxonomic pūʻulu, hoʻohālikelikeʻia ia. He hiki ke formulate i ka manaʻo o ka homo a me ka like kino. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka mea kahiko i ka forelimbs o ka manu a me nā'ō koholā. Ma manu, huli ae la lakou i mau'ēheu, a me ka wai mammals hana ia me flippers. Naʻe, i ke kumu o kēia mau hale hoʻokahi. Ke ola ana o na kino Hōʻike he na kupuna o ka holoholona i ka mea, i.

Analogies i kapaia māhele o ke kino, a i like oihana akā, kekahi mau kêia kanaka. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o kēia mau mea i ka eheu o na manu, a me nā mea kolo. Ka mua ua Hoʻololi 'forelimbs. Akā, insect eheu i nā mea loaʻa a lahilahi. Ke alo aku o ka homologous nā loko Hōʻike i ka hiki o ka meaola i ke hakuloli i ka na olelo o ke ola.

General morphology

Ma ka 'epekema, e hiki pinepine imi i ka manaʻo o "mau morphology". Kēia māhele hoʻokolokolo ai i ke ano hiʻona o ka pau meaola ole taxon. No ka laʻana, hoa a pau o ka Arthropods 'ano i Hoʻohana lala. A me ka nānā 'ana i ka helu o ka hele wāwae ka mea, hiki ua e Hoʻohui' i loko o nā papa. No laila, he mea eha hui o ka punawelewele, a me ka insect - ekolu.

No laila, i loko o morphology kālaimeaola - ka hahau i haʻawina o ka 'ole o ka meaola wale. Ua aʻole e pili mai nā 'ano a me na kumu o physiological keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka kumuhana o ka noiʻi maopopo endonomiyu,'anatomia a me ka mau morphology.