Nā hana o Ostrowski: papainoa o ka maikaʻi. Ka mua'āpana o Ostrovsky

"Columbus Zamoskvorechye", i ka mea kākau o ka hana keaka, i huli Lūkini hana keaka i loko o ka "maoli" moʻokalaleo - ia A. N. Ostrovsky, kona hana, mai ka waena mai o ka XIX kenekulia i ka papa kuhikuhi ma ka repertoire o ka mały Kino ma Moscow. A pau ka mea, ua palapala, ia i hana no ka heluheluʻana, a no ke kahua. Ka hopena o ka 40 makahiki o makakū aayoaeuiinoe lilo i ka palapala (50), hanaia ma ke kākoʻo '-kilo, hoʻokō' a me ka unuhi 'ole ka hana keaka.

Sources o "ka hoʻoulu"

A pau na hana o Ostrowski i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ke ana ka mālamaʻana o kaʻaoʻao o ke ola o kekahi pilina papa, ka hapanui poʻe kālepa a me ka gentry.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence playwright maalo ae, e malama - ka Apana kahiko o Moscow, a uaʻano nui noho ma tradesmen. A i pono ike i ka Ostrovsky me ke ala o ke ola a me ka hiʻona o intrafamily a me ka pilina pili. Ma ka waena o ka XIX kenekulia, eia kahi mea akaka oi a oi ai-kapaia "speculators" - e komo lākou i loko o ka hou kālepa.

Loa pono keia mau mea i ka hana o ka Office o ka conscientious Moscow kahua kahi Alexander hui i ka 1843. 8 makahiki o nā loina o lawsuits lehulehu a me ka nuku mai o ka poʻe kālepa a me ka hanauna ae e loaa waiwai 'ike ma luna o ka mea e e kākau i nā mea maikaʻi na hana o Ostrovsky.

Ma ka hana o ka playwright hoʻoholo e līkaia 4 kumu o wā. Kēlā me kēia i waeʻia e ke kūikawā e hoʻokokoke i ke depiction o aku o ka lanakila a me ka helehelena o ka'ālohilohi apana.

1847-1851 makahiki. Ka mua ho okolohua

(Essay) kākau i loko o ka uhane o ka "maoli kula", a ma ka like ana me na mooolelo waiho iho la ma Gogol, lawe mai la i kekahi novice kākau moʻolelo inoa "Columbus Zamoskvorechye". Akā, nani koke ka mea, i UAIAaIN e play, a pau loa ia vytesnli moʻolelo Huli i.

Ka apana mua o Ostrovsky - "Family Picture", heluhelu mua ia e ka mea kākau ma ka aoao ma S. Shevyreva. Akā, kaulana kai "Bankrut", hope Kapa hou i ke "kona kanaka -! I heluʻia" ka naoh i ka paukū e pili pū ua instantaneous. Censorship ka mea, Ua koke banned (kākau 'ia ma 1849, a hiki i ka hoohuli wale i ka 1861), a me V. Odoyevski i ma luna o ka par me ka "ignoramus", "Auwe, mai hea akula ia me" a me "Kahukula". No kekahi mau makahiki, i ka huina hoonui i ana heluhelu ma koʻikoʻi a hanohano a me ka palapala, ai 'ahiahi, hoomaopopo ana i ka bipi keiki mea kākau ua universally ike.

1852-1855 makahiki. "Moskvityaninsky" manawa

'O kēia ka manawa ia Ostrovsky hui i ka "opiopio Hoʻoponopono kookoo" Magazine, e hai aku ana i ka manaʻo o ka' aina, a i ka hoihoi ana i ka poe kuai. Me ka Poeikohoia o ka lawelawe ka papa, i pili me ka serfdom, a i wahine hemo la, mai na kanaka, ke lilo, e like me Grigoryev, he hou mana i mea e loli i ke kūpono 'ana o Rusia. Ma kēia wā o 3 hana Ostrowski, kekahi o ka a - "ʻilihune,ʻaʻole he hewa ma".

Ke kuka o ke kiʻi o ka PilinaʻOhana kalepa Tortsov. Overbearing a me ka nauki o makuakane, hookano, i na manao e mare i kona kaikamahine, i ke aloha a me ka poe ilihune puuku o ke akamai a me ka waiwai Korshunova. He ka mea kālepa o ka hou hanauna, aole loa ia hala i kona mau. Hoomaopopoia kekahi poe he-hoʻomäinoino kaikaina hiki punahele - prone i kaʻona,ʻaʻole amassed he pomaikai, akā, ma nā mea a pau o ka kēia mau pono kānāwai. E like me ka hopena, i ka hihia ua Wehewehe i nā hāʻina ana no ka Luba, a me ka playwright kuleana a lanakila Lūkini hoolaʻi moʻomeheu a me ka moolelo o ka Europa.

1856-1860 makahiki. Rapprochement me ka "Contemporary"

Nā hana o kēia wā: "A waiwai Post", "Ma ka'ēʻahaʻaina hangover" a, o ka papa, "ka ino" - he i ka hopena o rethinking i ke kūlana o ka patriarchal kalepa papa i loko o ka aina. Ua Ua hou o Laielohelohe ma ka playwright, a me ka nui a me ka oi hiʻona ka hainā a ua imi i ke ku imua o ka mea hou, a kemokalaka (i ka hopena o nā maka'āinana o "Contemporary"). Keia ua loa pono "pouli aupuni" Ua hōʻike ma ka hoʻokahi pōʻino playwright "ka ino". Eia, eia ka poe e makemake ole e kūkulu i me ka domostroevskimi kānāwai ui kanaka.

Ke kālailai i nā hana i hana ai i loko o ka makahiki 40-50, A. Grigoriev i kapaia o Ostrovskogo A. N.ʻoiaʻiʻo "kanaka o ka haku mele", a ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia i ka lehulehu o ko lākou mau pena depicted.

1861-1886 makahiki. oʻo hana

Ma ka makahiki 25 o ke kia-mihi playwright kakau iho la vivid hana, ka nohona i ka 'ano moʻokalaleo a me ka theme like. Ka mea hiki ke Hoʻohui 'i loko o kekahi mau pūʻulu.

1. Comedy e pili ana i ke ola o ka poʻe kūʻai: "He oiaio mea pono, akā, ua maikaʻi ka pomaikai", "i kela la i mea ole Sunday."
2. Satire: "Koʻolauloa a me Sheep", "Easy Dala," "Ka Forest", a me na mea e ae.
3. "Pictures o ke ola i loko o Moscow" a me "kumukūʻai o ka outback" o na kanaka "uuku" "me ke kaumaha, Na", "kahiko hoa ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā hou kamalii," a pela aku
4. Chronicles ma ka mōʻaukala theme like: "Kozma Minin Zaharich-Sukhoruk" a me na mea e ae.
5. Manaʻoʻike hana keaka "Ka Last nāna", "wahine mare".

'Olu o ka hula-kaao "Snow kaikamahine".

Na hana o na makahiki hope e lono kaumaha a me ka philosophical a me ka manaʻoʻike kāna moʻolelo a me nāʻano mea noʻeau manao maikai, a me kaʻoia iʻo hiki i ke kiʻi.

Ka mea nāna i hana o ka aina i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni

Kenekulia i hala aku, akā, ohi i na hana o Ostrovskogo Aleksandra Nikolaevicha no ka hoʻomaopopo 'ana ma nā kuʻina alakai o ka aina, A laila'ōlelo akula ka hopuna'ōlelo Ivan Goncharov: "... ma hope o' oe ... ua hiki ke olelo me ka haʻaheo.. Mākou i kā mākou mau Lūkini lahui hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni" "Poe ilihune wahine mare" a me ka "noho i loko o kou mau maa aku ai i", "Marriage Bal'zaminova" a me "ka naau mea,ʻaʻole i ka pohaku," " 'Aʻole i kekahi denari, a anapu koke aaioea aaia" a me "Ua pau, Stupidity ma kela Wise Man" ... ka papa me kaʻikeʻia kēlā me kēia theatergoers Ostrowski Radio ka inoa ke hoʻomau i ka lōʻihi manawa. hele mai ola he kūikawā honua piha o ka pilikia i, e mau manaʻo e pili ana i manaʻo kanaka Mahalo i nā mākau i o ka playwright ma luna o ke kahua.