Nā kino o nā fungi i hanaʻia e ka mea? Mall hiʻona o ke kino o ka fungus

Ke aupuni o ka fungi kikowaena nui? Ueo. Lower fungi pili ana i ka microorganisms. E nānā i hiki lākou ke kanaka, ke ole ia ma o ka microscope a kaili aeʻai wale nō. Higher fungi i ka luna '' ole a me ka nui nui. Ka mea, ke ulu ma luna o ka'āina, a ma luna o nā nui ilpko o nā lāʻau, loaʻa iā lākou kahi malaila mea komo i ke aloha 'ona. Fungi kino i hana lahilahi, paa i pili i kekahi i kekahi hyphae. Mau mea i ka laha 'ana mākou hoʻohana e hōʻiliʻili i loko o ka hīnaʻi, e hele ana ma ka ulu lāʻau.

Higher fungi - agaricales

Paha a pau mai ka pololei manaʻo o ka mea ia nana e like ka maʻamau Fish. Ua noa i ike i kahi mea e ulu ana, a ia lakou i hiki ke loaʻa. Akā, ma ka ike maopopo ia mea,ʻaʻole no ka mea, a me ka poeikohoia o ke aupuni o ke fungi. Ka mea, oko mai kekahi i kekahi ma ka palapala a me ka 'ole. Kino fungi hyphae hana plexus. Ka hapa nui o ka ike? Ueo i ka wawae, a me ka inaina aku ai, i hiki ke pena i loko o kekahi mau waihoʻoluʻu. Kokoke a pau na Fish i ke kanaka ai, haawiia i agaricales mea. Kēia pūʻulu nā? Ueo e like me Fish, kumu, Fish, chanterelles, Fish, keʻokeʻo, volnushki a pela, aku. Pela no ia mea e pono e noiʻi i ka 'ole o kēia mau fungi hou.

Ke mau 'ole o ke kiekie fungi

Fish kino i hanaʻia i ulana multinucleated pilikua keena - hyphae mea e i plektenhimu. Hapanui pileate laʻelaʻe 'ia e pili ana i agaricales ua maopopo puunaueia i a-hoʻokino ua inaina i ka a me ka wāwae. Oia mawaho 'ole i kekahi i kekahi? Ueo no e afilloforovye a me morels. Eia naʻe, hiki i waena o agaricales loaʻa nā 'ia. Ma kekahi laha ', i ka uha hiki ia i kaʻaoʻao a pau loa ia kahi e. A me ke kino Gasteromycetes fungi i hana ai i ua mahele ua ole 'akomi i, a me ka mea, i ole chap. Ka mea, e tuberous, clavate, he spherical shape a 'ano o ka hoku.

Hat i malamaʻili, ma lalo i mea he ahu iho la kaʻiʻo pepa. He hiki i ka huali waihoʻoluʻu a me ka ala. Uha mua a me kumu pili i ka kūpapakū. Kēia paha e ka lepo, he ola ka laau a me ka holoholona kino make. Kumu, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO anuanu, kona ili honua loli aʻe ke kaumaha ma muli o ka? Ueo. Ua hiki e i laumania, scaly, velvety.

Higher fungi paʻi nā kiʻie a asexually. Ke uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o nā 'ano apau loa spores. Ke vegetative kino o ka fungus ua kapaia mycelium. Ua ninoieo a lahilahi ai manamana ai hyphae. GIFA - e waiho loihi ana i ka pae e loaʻa ulu apical. ʻAʻole lākou e i baffles, i loko o ia o ka hihia, ua haku ka mycelium o kekahi kanaka nunui multinuclear, hoomaikai ai manamana keena. Vegetative kino o fungi hiki hoʻomōhala ole wale i loko o ka waiwai lepo aloha mea, akā, i loko o ka ulu lāʻau o ke ola, a me ka make nui ilpko o, i iʻa wale, aa, a me ka mea emi mai i loko o nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi.

Ka 'ole o ka fruiting kino o ka fungus pileate

Fruiting kino o ka hapanui agaricales myagkomyasistye a me juicy. I ka wa e hoole, e lawelawe i ka popoʻole. Ke au o ko lākou ola, he uuku loa. Kekahi mau Fish me ke ano o ka honua, a me ke kahua hope o ka? Acaeoey ke lawe wale i kekahi mau hola, kekahi manawa ka mea mau i ka mau o ka lā.

Sporocarp ninoieo o ka chap, a me ka manaʻo nui ke aupuni 'wāwae. I kekahi manawa, e like me ia i haiia ae maluna, i ke kumu i e nalowale. Papale e hele mai i loko o nā nui like 'ole, mai kekahi mau millimeters i na umi o kenimika. Lālau aʻela ia i ka hele ma ka ululaau, e hiki ke ike pehea mai ka lepo ma luna o ke kino wāwae slender la uuku Fish me ke ka nui ana o ka lima iki pale. A ma laila ia ia ke noho kaumaha Fish kanaka nunui. Kona chap Hoʻonui i ka pono a hiki i 30 knm, a me ka manoanoa a me ka paakiki anei i. Mau kilakila nui ke kaena keʻokeʻo fungus a me Fish.

Ka palapala Ua hoi okoa pālule. Līkaia cushionlike, hemispherical, flattened, bele-hoʻokino, funnel-hoʻokino, me ka uma lalo a keu aku lihi. Pinepine i ka pōkole ola o ka fungus e hoʻololi i ke kinona o ka chap kekahi mau manawa.

Ka 'ole o ka Fish papale mea agaricales

Ke chap me ke kino o ka fungi hyphae i hana. Ma luna o ko lākou mau anuanu kapa o ka cuticle. Ua hoi he ana o ka ka penaʻana o ka hyphae. Lākou kuleana pili i mea e mālama i ka maloko'aʻaʻa mai ka poho o ka nui ona mau. Hiki ia kaha onionio kāohi 'ia paha maloʻo ana. Ua hiki ke pena i loko o kekahi mau waihoʻoluʻu ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka fungus a me kona mau makahiki. Ma kekahi kaha onionio keokeo, kekahi huali alani, ulaula paha iʻeleʻele. Ua hiki e maloʻo paha,ʻOkoʻa, uhi me ka manoanoa mucus. Kona ili ka malimali a me ka scaly, velvety paha warty. Ma kekahi? Ueony, e like me kaʻaila, me ka ili, he mama, e wehe loa. Aʻaneʻi ma syroezhek volnushek a me ka mea haule wale ma ka lihi. Ma na? Ueony, a me ia mea i ka weheʻana, a ua paa i pili i kaʻiʻo pepa, i ka moana ma lalo iho.

Ma lalo o kaʻili, nolaila, fruiting kino o ka fungus i hanaʻiʻo pepa - sterile lole kūkulu o ka hyphae plexus. He okoa ka nuʻa. Ke kino, ka mea e wehe ai i loko o kekahi? Ueony, 'ē aʻe resilient. Ua hiki e brittle. Kēia hapa o ka fungus ioeo mai ana i kēia ala. Ua hiki e ono paha nutty. Ke aroma o ke kino o kekahi ano o pungent kekahi pahūpahū a awaawa, oia ka hana e redechnym a hiki i ka hoʻopā o kālika.

E like me ka rula, loa ke ano o ka io, ma lalo o kaʻili i ka chap malamalama waihoʻoluʻu: keʻokeʻo, nō, brownish a he omaomao iki. He aha nō ka mall hiʻona o ke kino o ka fungus i loko o keia hapa? Kekahi mau laha 'ma o ka wahi o ka fracture ano ma manawa koe o ka ia, oiai kekahi poe coloration hoʻololi ho opa ao. Mau loli i weheweheʻia keʻano o ka hanaʻana oxidative make. A luku ana mamuli o keia kŰia Boletus. Inā 'oe e ka hookiia'ku kona hua kino, keia mea i ka wahi e koke poeleele hoi. Similar keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hoʻomaka ai ma Mokhovikov a me ka paopao koke mai oia.

Ma kaʻiʻo pepa i loko o ka laha 'me volnushki, waiu Fish a me ke kinemona, ua he kupaianaha hyphae. Lākou mau pā iʻia naʻe. Ka mea, i kapaʻia nō hahau ana, a ua piha oia me ka colorless 'ole' ia nā pōpō wai - wai.

Hymenium - momona, ahu iho

Sporocarp i hanaʻiʻo pepa, ma i mea pololei ma lalo o ka chap, ahu iho momona - hymenium. Kēia mea he moʻo o microscopic spore-ho okumu i keena - basidia. I ka lehulehu o agaricales hymenium Ua hamama no Hymenophore. Mau mea kūikawā nā māhele aia ma luna o ka underside o ka chap.

Hymenophore i loko o kekahi laha 'o ka Fish mai he okoa' ole. No ka laʻana, lisichkovyh ka mea, ua hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka palapala o ka manoanoa manamana ai nā pā e hele mai nō lākou ma luna o ko lākou wāwae. Aʻaneʻi ma Hymenophore blackberries - i loko o ka palapala o brittle spines, a i hoopuni kaawale. I omo fungi hana paipu, a ma ka pā, niioaaonoaaiii, o ka una honua. Hymenophore i e noa (ina ka mea aole e hiki i nā wāwae) ole adherent (ina paa i fused ia ia). Hymenium pono no ka'ōlelo. Mai spores i lawe a puni, i hana i ka hou vegetative kino o ka fungus.

fungal spores

Ka 'ole o ka fruiting kino o ka fungus pileate i huikau. Kona spores hoʻomōhala ma luna o ka hua-e hali ana i keena. All agaricales fungi i unicellular. Like i loko o kekahi eukaryotic aeea, i loko o ka hoopaapaa hoomaopopoʻili lahilahi, cytoplasm, nucleus a me ka 'ē aʻe ke kelepona hele organelles. No hoi he nui helu o inclusions akomi i loko o ia mau mea. I ka nui o ka hoopapa - mai ka 10 a hiki i 25 microns. No laila, ka mea hiki ke ike ma ka microscope ma ka mahuahua maikai wale. I ka palapala i ka mea poepoe, ka'ololaha, kālī-hoʻokino, zernovidnye a hiki Star-hoʻokino. Ua hoi okoa lākou mau iwi ke kaumaha ma muli o ka? ueo. Ma kekahi hakakā ia mea i laumania, oiai kekahi poe prickly, bristly paha warty.

I ka hookuu ia i loko o ka papa hoopaapaa pinepine e hoohalike ai i ka lepo. Akā, na keena lākou iho nō nā colorless a me nā pōpō. Pinepine, aia no na hoopaapaa ana mawaena o fungi yellow,ʻeleʻele, a pink, ulaula-ʻeleʻele,ʻoliva, he poni, a me ka alani i eleele. Epekema mycologists uku nui noonoo ana i ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka nui o spores. Mau hoailona i ka pilina paʻa, a me ka mea pinepine kōkua ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ka? Ueo o fungi.

Ka 'ole o ka fruiting kino: stipe

Ke ano o ka fruiting kino o ka fungus ua ike i aneane a pau. Uha mua, e like me ka chap ua hana o densely intertwined hyphal filaments. Akā, i kēia mau kanaka nunui keena OAOOUIEeE i loko i kā lākou mau iwi ka pūhaka, a he maikai ka ikaika. Wawae fungus Pono no kākoʻo. Oia e hoʻokiʻekiʻe aʻe ia ma luna o ka kūpapakū. Hyphae i ka uha mua e pili ana i ka laulau a mea e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi i loko o laua, a ua keu. Pela no ka mea, hele no ka wai a me ka mea pōhaku i huiʻia, mai ka mycelium a hiki i ka chap. Wāwae maopopo mau hoailona ia mea: ana (hyphae i hopu ai ma kahi kokoke) a me ka puha (ka wā i nanaia ka lewa ma waena o ka hyphae - mlechniki). Akā, ma ka aoao maoli he poe waena ano. Mau wāwae i ka loa a me ka kashtanovika. Ma kēia mau laha ', i ke anuanu waho hapa. Ma ka waena o ka'ūhā ua piha i ka naele iaʻiʻo pepa.

Kekahi mea i ka manaʻo o ka mea i ke ano o ka fruiting kino o ka fungus, ua ike i ka'ūhā, ua i wale i ka 'ole. Ka mea, i kekahi mau kinona a me ka mānoanoa. No ka laʻana, syroezhek a me ka aila uha mea i lalo a me ka paukūʻolokaʻa. A 'aneʻi ma ka luawai-ike eleele chap boletus, a Aspen (CO) Fish ia Hoʻonui i ka pono uniformly i kona kumu. A hoʻokaʻawale mea i obratnobulavovidnuyu ano o ka hemp. He nui a pau mawaena o agaricales Fish. Ma ia i kekahi '? Anoe o nā wāwae i ka waihona ipu, i kekahi manawa, huli i loko o bulbous nani. Keia ano o ka hemp oi pinepine diagnosed i nui? Ueo o fungi. He ano o ka nalo agaric, cortinarius, umbrellas. Fish, i mycelium e ulu ana ma luna o ka wahie, pinepine i ka tapered wāwae a hiki i ka honua. Ua hiki ke'ō a neʻe ma mycelialʻaha, moe ma lalo o na aa o ka laau a me kumu.

No laila, he aha ka mea i loko o ka Fish kino agaricales kauoha? Kēia wāwae, hookiekie ana ia ma luna o ka kūpapakū, a me ka chap ma ka lalo o ka hakakā ulu. Kekahi mau 'ano o nā Fish, e like me lele agaric, ma hope o ka ho okumu ana o ka honua i ka manawa uhiia me ka whitish ka penaʻana. Ua Ua kapaʻia ka "huina poi". E like me ka hua kino o ka fungus ka ulu ana i loko o kona slices noho ma luna o ka hoʻi i nā pāpale, a me ka nānā 'ana i hemp markedly meshkopodobnoe ho okumu - Volvo. Ma kekahi fungi, ia mea paa ole, oiai kekahi poe - adherent, a nānā e like ai hanaʻia naʻe paha rollers. No hoi i koe "na veils" e mau hipuu ma ka ōhāhā o ka fungus. Ka mea, i hiki i na mea he nui? Ueony, o ka oi aku i loko o ke kakahiaka kahua o ka? Acaeoey. E like me ka rula, opiopio Fish mau hipuu uhi ka pukaʻana Hymenophore.

Oko ao ma o ka 'ole blewits

Māhele o ke kino o ka fungus iʻokoʻa i loko o kekahi? Ueo. Fruiting kino o kekahi mea e like me ka 'ole i ho'ākāka' ia ma luna. I waena o agaricales Fish i hewa. A ma laila nō loa kekahi mau ano. Akā, laina wale a me ka morels e hoohalike ai Fish agaricales. Lākou fruiting kino no hoi i ka maopopo mahele ma waena o ka chap, a kumu. ka mea, i fleshy, a kāwaha Hat. Kona helehelena Ua pinepine conical. Ka ili mea,ʻaʻole i laumania, akā, e aho, kahaone. Ma morel chap ole shape. Ua Ua uhi ia me sinuous pā hoopuni palpable. Haʻalele agaricales Fish, morels ma Sporiferous, ahu iho ua manaʻo ma luna o ka chap ili honua. He ua poe ma "ʻeke" a askami. Kēia wahi, a ua hana a ua hoʻonui hoopaapaa. I ka loaʻa nui o ia mau wahi o ka Fish kino, Asuka, mea, he pono ole i na mea a pau marsupials fungi. Uha mua, a pods ma morel mea poho, kona ili ka malimali a me ka hiki, ma ka lalo - he na hiohiona ai hanaʻia naʻe o ka tuberous.

Me ka Poeikohoia o kekahi mea - ua shlyapochnye afilloforovye Fish i fruiting kino me ka wawae ikaika. Kēia pūʻulu nā chanterelles a me blackberries. Lākou ua inaina i ka rezinistoy a iki woody 'ole. A ma ko kumu - o ka māhele fungi, i mea i komo i loko o ke kauoha. E like me ka rula, afilloforovye popoʻole fungi, e like me ia lŘlŘ ma agaricales me kā lākou fleshy kino. A hiki aku ka mea, maloo a maloo aku.

No hoi oko i kekahi mau mea i loko o nā hale a loa laha 'o Fish pileate mea clavariaceae mai. Lākou fruiting kino i ka newa-shape a me ke koʻa. Ua Ua loa uhiia me hymenium. Ma keia hihia, no ka pono o keia mea o ka nele Hymenophore.

I hana 'ole a me ka mea Gasteromycetes. Kēia pūʻulu ua pinepine kapaia ka Fish kino tuber. I? Ueo pili ana i keia mea ano hiki e loa like: spherical, hoku-hoʻokino, hua manu-hoʻokino, na ohia-hoʻokino a me ka gnezdovidnoy. Lākou nui meaʻano nui. Kekahi fungi i kauoha aku kau i ke anawaena o 30 knm ka loa ma ko laʻana Gasteromycetes -. He he kanaka nunui puffball.

Ke vegetative kino o ka fungus

Vegetative kino o ka fungi mycelium kapa ia (a mycelia) i o Nyos i loko o ka lepo paha, no kekahi laʻana, ma ka lāʻau. Ua ninoieo a loa keia o ke filaments - hyphae kona mānoanoa papa koa mai ka 1.5 hiki i 10 mm o. I aloha ai manamana hyphae. Mycelium e hoʻomōhala ana i like me ka kūpapakū, a ma luna o kona ili honua. mycelium lōʻihi ma ka nutrient lepo, e like me nahele litter e hiki 30 ei no 1 gram.

Penei, ka vegetative kino o ka fungi ninoieo o lōʻihi hyphae. Ka mea ulu wale ma ka luna, oa ka apical. Loa hana hoihoi 'ole o ka mycelium. Mycelium i loko o ka hapanui laha 'o ka' ole-ke kelepona. He ua hoʻonele o intercellular i pohā a me kekahi kanaka nunui halepaahao. Ia mea,ʻaʻole i kekahi mea, akā, he nui ka helu o nuclei. Akā, i ka mycelium i e ke kelepona. Ma keia hihia, ma lalo o ka microscope i pohā hookaawale ana i kekahi aeea mai kekahi, ua maopopo i nanaia.

Ka hooulu ana o ka vegetative kino o ka fungus

Pela, ua kapaia ka vegetative kino o ka fungus mycelium. Noho i loko o ka wai kūpapakū, waiwai i loko o ke aloha mea, spores germinate pileate fungi. He no ka mea, hoʻomōhala pae paha lōʻihi o ka mycelium. Ko lakou ulu ana lohi. Wale loaa i lawa ka nui o nā māhuaola o ke aloha a me ka mea pōhaku waiwai, ka mycelium pepa ma luna o ka ili o ka hua kino, a ua kahea aku Fish. Kā lākou mau kumu hou i loko o ka malama mua o ka wela. Akā, eia ka mea hope e hoʻomōhala wale me ka hoouka kaua ana o ano ino ana. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO, he wahi lihi iki o Fish i loko o ka mahina hope o ke kau, a ma ka Akuma ka, i ka wa a ka ua e hele mai.

Power pileate ioeo, aole ia i manao i keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka līoho a me ka uliuli mea kanu. Mea hiki ole ia lakou iho synthesize ke aloha, na lākou ia e pono ai. Mau keena e ole i chlorophyll. Ka mea, e pono e hoomakaukau ai ka mahuaola. Mai ka vegetative kino o ka fungus hyphae hooku iho la ia laila ka mea, he hoʻonui i ke omo o ka wai, mai ka kūpapakū me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe mea pōhaku i huiʻia. No ia mea, blewits makemake humus-waiwai nahele soils. Emi olelo, ko lakou ulu ana i loko o nā kula a me nā steppes. Ka hapa nui o ke aloha, na lākou ia e pono ai Fish ia, mai na kumu mai o na laau. No laila, ka mea pinepine ulu i loko o kokoke koke ia ia.

No ka laʻana, a pau kânaka o mumule mea hihiu ua ikeia ua keʻokeʻo Fish hiki mau loaʻa kekahi birches, laau oka a me nā hiapo. Akā, i ke ono Fish e e loaʻa i loko o ka tidara nahele. Boletus e ulu ana i loko o birch ka ululāʻau a Aspen (CO) - ma Aspen (CO). Keia ua hikiwawe wehewehe ia e ka mea i na fungi hookupaa i kokoke pilina me ka laau. E like me ka rula, e mea pono i nā? Ueo. I ka densely manamana ai mycelium Ke Kai puni kanu aʻa, a ua UOAN, e hoakoakoa ia lakou i. Akā, i kēia 'aʻole iʻino i ka laau. Ka mea ka mea, ua aia maloko o na keena, ai ka mycelium, mai ka lepo auwai wai, a, o ka papa, kona mea hoʻoheheʻe mea pōhaku i huiʻia. I ka Ia manawa e ka mea, i loko o ke kumu keena, a no laila, e mālamaʻai a me ka lāʻau. Penei, ulu mycelium hanaʻia ai ka hana o ke kumu lauoho. He mea oi loa aku hoi pono no ka mua kumu ae. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ka mea, i ole no hoi na lauoho. He aha e like me ka symbiosis o fungi maikaʻi kēia? kiʻi ka mea, mai ka mea kanu maikaʻi kēia ke aloha i huiʻia ka mea pono no ka ai. Wale ina lawa o ia ma luna o ka ili o ka kūpapakū e ulu fruiting kino o ka fungi pileate.