Novgorod Kremlin (Veliky Novgorod): mōʻaukala, hōʻikeʻano, helu wahi, oaka ae la na hora

Kekahi o ka mea kahiko kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ka pale o ka Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone - keia Novgorod Kremlin, a me ka mea ua kapaia, Detinets. Ke kaʻa nā hale o kekahi manawa paha, a o ka'āina, akā, ka mea nui e mai i nā hana a me ka inimitable eiiieaen, wehewehe aku ma kekahi degere oi aku o ka Novgorod repubalika , a hiki mua i ka centralization o ka mana i loko o Moscow.

Novgorod Kremlin

An eiiieaena kahiko o ka hale o ka pā kaua o Nui Novgorod. A Kiure kukulu ma ke kapa hema o ka muliwai Volkhov. Eia naʻe, ina e olelo, e kipa i ka Novgorod Kremlin, ia mea maikai, e ike i ka helu wahi o ka luna: Velikiy Novgorod, ter. Ka Kremlin, 11. Ke kanu'ōiwi nā mea he nui kuhikuhipuʻuone hē, a ma ka pekelala pae, hoomaluia ma ka moku'āina, ma ka hou, i ka iau-hookoe ia i komo i loko o ka UNESCO World'āina hoʻoili List i hapa o ke kulanakauhale Ewa. Ka mea mua i kākau olelo ai o ka Kremlin i hana ia 1044 makahiki. O ka ihu,ʻo ia, a pau i ke koena, malalo o ka poe oo hoi e like, manawa 'aʻole i kekahi, ma ka makehewa no ia ia, a me kekahi o na irretrievably nalowale.

Detinets, Veliky Novgorod: no ke aha lā no laila, i kapaʻia?

Heʻoiaʻiʻo, a pau ka poe i lohe ia i ka inoa, i loko o kekahi huikau, no ka mea, i ka hua'ōlelo "Kremlin" Ua oi, he pono ole, prevalent mawaena o na kanaka. Manawa detintsem ma Rusia i kapa i'ē aʻe ma mua o ke Keena Kalaiaina o nā kūlanakauhale pā e noho ana i loko o ke au o ka fragmentation kŰia, he pono ole. Ke kahikoʻoihana mua hua'ōlelo hoʻomaka e ana i ka 1097, a me wale i loko o ka 14th kenekulia ia auou caiaiai i ka manawa "Kremlin". A laila, ka mea mau e ola ana wale nō i loko o ka palapala kumu me ka Novgorod-Pskov ka molekumu o, no laila ka mea, hiki kekahi ke 'ano ua like dialecticism.

Wale nō o ke kumu o ka olelo

Ka hapa nui o nā kānakaʻepekema, linguists kumu o ka hua'ōlelo "Detinets" (Velikiy Novgorod, Kiev a me nā nui na kulanakauhale i like nā hale) pili me ka ia kumu e like me "keiki". No laila, i ka Bihopa o ka Lūkini Orthodox Church, Kauhalenui Eugene i ka 1808'ōlelo i nā keiki i enemi ino hālau a hōʻea wale i loko o ka pā kaua, no ke aha la i hele mai i ka inoa. Soviet kakaolelo a me ka archaeologist nana i lawe mai hanaʻeliʻana i loko o ka Novgorod Kremlin, manaoio aku la ia i ka inoaʻo ia i loaa mai no ka mea, o ko ke aliʻi mau koa, e noho ana ma laila. Ka mea, i kapaʻia nā keiki a me keiki. Eia naʻe, ma ka ike maopopo i nā aliʻi i loko o Detinets ole i - ka mea, i noho ai i loko o ka hale noho.

E like me ke Academician Yanin VL Novgorod Kremlin, e like kela mea keia mea e ae, loaa ae nei i kona inoa ma muli o ia i ka mea e, paha, he mau aha hookolokolo o na lunakahiko.

Kekahi maa mana hōʻike Lūkini koa lunaʻenehana. Ua noonoo ole a me ka Logical. Ka hua'ōlelo "Detinets" hele mai ana, mai ka "hana" verb. Keia ua wehewehe ia e ka mea e ma ka manawa o ka pilikia i loko o ka pakaua hālau a na wahine a me na keiki, haipule na luakini a me ka waiwai. Kēia mana mea i kekahi mea i 'ano me ka mea mua.

Novgorod Kremlin: ka manawa pōkole History

Ua ua ike ia ka'ākau hapa o ka'āina i loko o i ka Kremlin ka manawa, ua mua i ka aaeuoa o ka muliwai Volkhov, a ua māheleʻia aʻela i loko o nā mau mea. Presumably, ka loa mua Detinets ninoaaeyao i waenaʻoihana, a ua aia ma ka'ākau mokupuni. Ua kūkuluʻia ka lāʻau ia, a waiho iho la i kana keiki Yaroslava Mudrogo - Prince Vladimir Yaroslavovich. He pū hoʻoili i ka hana o ke kumu nui luakini o ke kūlanakauhale i loko o 1045 - Sophia Hale Pule Nui, a mau ae la ehiku makahiki. Ka hoolaa ana i wahi i ka 1052, a me ka mahina ma hope, Vladimir make, a ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka ekalesia hou.

Novgorod Kremlin-Detinets (Veliky Novgorod, Novgorod Oblast) wela pinepine ae la oia. No laila, i ka 1097, ka mea, o ka mea uuku i koe, a me ka hou kūkulu wale i ka 1116, a ma ka manawa, ua hiki i ka makana nui. Iloko o keia manawa, haule iho la ia Vladycha iwilei he kilakila hapa o ka ?? eoi? - i ka noho ana o ka Bihopa. Ua i ka mea nana i ka 1333, hoomaka ae la ka hana o ka pohaku pā, makau i pepehi ole wale ka Swedes a me ka iā Goga, akā, Prince Ivan Kalita. Piha hope o ka laau ma ka pohaku ana wale i loko o na 30s o ka 15th kenekulia. More waiwai nui e kukulu, akā, no hoi ma manawa i nā luku iho la ia, a hoihoi hou ia. I World War II, i ka wa a na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i noho Novgorod, Detinets (Kremlin) Ua hoʻohana i ka Barracks na koa.

Ma hope papakaukau luku i wahi i loko o ka 90-ies o ka hope ke kenekulia, i ka wa a ka hapa 'ia' hauneneʻe paia kokoke i ka Spassky halekiai (20 mika wā mawaena). Mau makahiki ma hope, ua hoihoi hou ia i ka pa. Ano, i ka Kremlin i ke kūlana o ka Novgorod State United Museum-Reserve.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE kuhikuhipuʻuone ano

No ka kenekulia, i ka pakaua a me ka pakaua kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka puʻu,ʻano nui no ka manao maikai a me ka pilikia no kaʻenemi, e like me ka pono me kahi muliwai. Detinets (Veliky Novgorod) me nā mea a pau i kēia mau rula. Ua kū ma luna o kaʻuʻuku puu - 10 mika ma luna o ka iliwai o ka Volkhov. Ma ke anapuni o ka paia waho paia me ka lōʻihi o ka 1487 m + a me ka pahale wahi o ka ?? eoi? - 12,1 aa.

Kilakila pā i ka pōhaku lepo i pu ia papa wiliʻai, a me ka pohaku (Cobblestone a me ka limestone). Ka mānoanoa a me ka lōʻihi o ka pakaua loli aʻe 3,6-6,5 m + a me 8-15 m, niioaaonoaaiii. A kiʻiona hiʻona o ka hana o ka puka pā kaua o ka luakini,ʻo ia hoʻi, na ekalesia, Aia ma luna o ka puka. He He ano hiʻona o ka ekalesia, a me ka pau o ka monastic kuhikuhipuʻuone i loko o Rusia. Ke ideological manaʻo nui e moe ana i loko o ka mea ana me ia i ke kūkulu lawe mai i ka lani palekana o ke kulanakauhale. Ka mea i ka Novgorod Kremlin loaʻa paha kekahi mau o ia mau mea, wehewehe i ke kūlana alakai ana ma o ka hana o na lunakiai. Kokoke i nā paia a pau i hoihoi hou ia i loko o ka 50-60-ies o ka hope kenekulia, a hālāwai me ka mea mawaho helehelena o ka pā kaua o ka 15th kenekulia.

Towers Novgorod Kremlin

Ike no ke ola o ka umikumamalua hale kiaʻi i loko o ka palena o ke Susana. No laila, ma kahi lōʻihi, eiwa wale i ola:

• Spassky (kiʻi ma luna) - i ke ano o ka elongated rectangle i ua maheleia i eono tiers, kiekie, a me ka pā mānoanoa - 19 m + a 2 pakahi. Ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka 15-mika halelewa me ka lookout hale kiai, i ua hoemiia e like me ka wehewehena o ka 17th kenekulia. Ke anuenue e hooholo ia wahi e na laau ki, mai ke kūkulu'ākau a hiki i ke alo o ka hale kiaʻi mea e pili i hōkaiʻia ekalesia o ka hoopahaohaoia'na. Ka mea, ua iho la ka mea nana i haawi mai i kona inoa. Novgorod Kremlin (Veliky Novgorod) e ike kaʻoi loa o ka Spassky Tower, i kekahi i hookahi hōʻike ma banknote 5 rubles.
• Palace - pepa hakahaka halekiai me kaʻaoʻao, quadrangular, no ko kaʻano nuiʻahā like 11,2h10,2 m, paia kiekie - 20 m, a me ka mānoanoa o ka lua o ka papa i ka 'ilikai - 2 m + luna - halelewa. Mai ka nā hale kiaʻi ia hiʻona he Slimʻano.
• Knjazhaja - nana e like me ka mua kekahi, i kuli halekiai 18,5 ka m kiʻekiʻe.
• Kokui (Kalancha) - hakahaka huinahalike hale kiaʻi ole e hooholo ia, a hui pū me ka Dome kiʻekiʻe o 38,5 m, ka mānoanoa o ka pā mea i 'ano like me ka mea mua kekahi. Ano, he mea he kilo kāhiko me ka laulā manao o ka Kremlin.
• Pokrovskaya - papakaukau 'ole o ke kiekie o ka 18 m + a me ka pā mānoanoa o 3 m + i loko o ke Komohana Hema hapa o ka pā kaua. Ua kū kēlāʻaoʻao o 9 m, a ua komo iloko o ka pā 55 loopholes.
• Zlatoust - pepa hakahaka huinahalike halekiai o eha tiers, nona ka inoa hoinu makou e ku ana ma kahi o ka luakini o ka 14th kenekulia.
• Vladimir - ma ka mea, haule iho la ia i loko o ka Novgorod Kremlin (Veliky Novgorod) o ka hele, huinahń loa, kiekie -. 17,8 m + He umi-mika hale lole ma luna. A kiʻiona hiʻona - na loopholes me ka e pio mai luna, reminiscent o ka puka makani.
• Fedorov - he hale kiaʻi me ka paukūʻolokaʻa shape e pio mai loopholes
• Na Kauhalenui - He he kia hoʻomanaʻo no koa kūlana pale kuhikuhipuʻuone, e like me ka mea mua mau hale kiaʻi. Ke kukulu o ka paukūʻolokaʻa kinona, ka makapo, o ka mānoanoa o ka pa - heʻuʻuku ma luna o 3 m, kiekie - 16,3 m.

Ike o ka luku, a kūkulu hou ana o ekolu hale kiaʻi: Boris a me Gleb, i ke alahou ana, Prechistenskaya.

Sophia Hale Pule Nui

White pohaku ekalesia o ka mea kahiko i loko o ka mokuna o kēia Rusia o ka poe i kukulu i ka Slavic kanaka. Kūkulu i 1045-1050 makahiki, oia no kekahi mau kenekulia poe i ka uhane mawaena konu o ka pau ana o ka Novgorod Repubalika.

Kēia keʻa-na¯ haʻawina elima-ʻoihana moku Hale Pule Nui. Oia hale i ano o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka 11th kenekulia. Naʻe, ka mea mea kaulana no,ʻaʻole wale nō ke Novgorod Kremlin (Veliky Novgorod) - i ka Hale Pule Nui o na ia inoa i koe i loko o ka Polotsk a me Kiev. Ka hale i ekolu apse (ua hoʻokōʻia kīloi paʻewa, a kikowaena pentagonal) ma luna o nā mea a pau aoao ua hoopuniia e ka-yoa? Iiai ekolu keʻena ma luna. Ka Hale Pule Nui elima mokuna, a me ke ono ua kau ma ke komohana hapa o ka wili i piʻi hale kiaʻi. Ka mea, i wehewehe aku e kekahi mau palapala Makovytsya - i loko o ka palapala o ka mahiole o ke koa kahiko. I kā mākou kiʻekiʻe Sophia Hale Pule Nui - 38 m, paia mānoanoa - 1,2 m, i hoʻohana 'ia no lākou kūkulu limestone. Temple i loko o ka kahiko Byzantine kaila.

e mau uhi Hemolele wahi me kaao. Pela, ke kikowaena Dome, ma ke kea, o ke kii ana o ka manu nunu, symbolizing i ka Uhane Hemolele. Ivan Grozny i ka 1570 loa i hana ia me Novgorod. Wahi a ke kaʻao, he manu nunu la, squatting ma ke keʻa koena, ike aku la i ke koko me ka luku a me ka 'ike i ka manao o ke haiia'ku froze. A laila, kekahi o nā mōneka o ko kākou Lede hoikeia mai, ua hoouna mai ia i ka manu a hiki i ke kulanakauhale me ka oluolu a me ka mascot. Novgorod e e mālama aʻaʻole i ka nūnū'ōpiopio, e lele ilalo mai ke kea.

Ke belfry o St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui

It E e noonoo kaawale mai ka papa kuhikuhiE hale. Zvonnitsa ua i helu 'ia ma hale makahiki 15-18, a ua hoohui Novgorod Kremlin. Veliky Novgorod (Hawaii photo laulā hoomaopopo, ike luna.) - i ka nani kahiko kulanakauhale me ka nui a me ka Hawaiʻi mōʻaukala Hawaii. Muli o kona kulana he mau no ia, a na luakini. Mau wahi nā, e like me ua hoomaopopo, a me Sana Sophia Hale Pule Nui, a me ka pu me ia, a me ka belfry. Palapala kumu hōʻike mua ia i ka 1437, ka wā i haʻi e pili ana i ke kai a Kahinaliʻi. Ma kekahi, ia hākālia nō ia mea, ua i lawe ia me e pili ramparts. Currently bellfry aia me ka na paia o ka Kremlin hikina, kona lōʻihi o 22,5 m, a me ka laula - 3.4 mau mika.

Iloko o ka Apana World War ka mea, i loaʻino wale. Ma ka loaʻa 'o ka' ike i ka Kelemānia poʻe hao wale i ma luna o lākou i hele ai i ke kulanakauhale, ka mea i hooholoia e evacuate i ka bele. Naʻe, i ka bombing hanaia i ka pololei LIKE pono i loko o ka moku me ka nui specimens ekolu, a me ka mea, poho iho la lakou ma ka muliwai Volkhov. Ua Ua hapa 'ia i luku ai i ka mea kaua, a me ka hale iho.

Ka hoihoi hou ia ka bele hale kiaʻi o St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui Novgorod Kremlin (Veliky Novgorod) loaa ia lakou ma 1948. Ano ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia no ke kanu mea, i loko o kona keʻena ma ke kuleana o ka he kilo kāhiko a me ka mau exhibition hoolaa ana i ke kulanakauhale kahiko o ka bele.

Ka Church o Sergiya Radonezhskogo

Ka puka 'ole mea paha i ka wale kekahi o kona ano e, ua malamaia ma ka akau-komohana o ka aina a hiki i ka keia lā. Ua Ua kūkulu ma lalo o ka patronage o Archbishop Jonah ?? eoi? Vladychny pahale i loko o ka Kremlin i ka 1463. Kēia manawa ua wehewehe aku ma keʻano o ka haule ana o ka Novgorod Repubalika ma lalo o ka puʻe o Moscow a me kona ka piʻiʻana. Naʻe, i ke kuko i nā ana ae o, a kau aku i na kanaka me ka manaʻo o ka centralization o ka moku'āina. Church - mea he hoailona ia o ka maluhia, ka uhane hoʻohui a me ka unification me Moscow, no ka mea, i kūkuluʻia i loko o ka hanohano o ka laila, aneane ike ole i loko o Rusia, a hoomana aku laʻano nui i loko o ka Moscow - Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

Church o St. Stratelates

Novgorod Kremlin (kiʻikuhi Picture) ma ka hema-hikina hapa o ka ?? eoi? I he ekalesia uuku akā, kupaianaha. Ua Ua kūkuluʻia i loko o 15-17 kenekulia. Ua loaʻa he mau huinahń loa i lalo kinona ma ka manao, hookahi-kīkoʻo belfry, a me ka poe uuku cupola i mau leialii o ka luakini. Mua i kēia wahi i ke aupuni 'Boris a me Gleb Hale Pule Nui, a i ka 1682 e hina a ia a laila wāwahi i kona kumu. Untouched koe wale Chapel o Saint Lūkini koa-noʻu Andreya Stratilata. Ua Ua hoʻoākea a ua lilo iho la ka uuku kuokoa ekalesia.

Episcopal pahale

Heʻaneʻi i ka mea makemake e pono e hoʻomaka i ka moʻolelo e pili ana i Novgorod Kremlin, no ka mea, o ka mea kahiko loa o ka Kremlin, a, e like me Gordienko EA, a Yanina V. L., oia originates. Episcopal pahale aia ma ka akau-komohana hapa o ka pā kaua. Inā manaʻo 'oe i nā moʻolelo, ka Bishop J. Korsunianin, kona inoa ua pili kēia wahi i ka paa ana o Kristiano ma Novgorod, i mua o kona alo noho ana i ka uuku mokupuni. Kona palena i hoakaka ia e na lima elua o Volkhov. Kēia maoli hoomalu Ua hoʻokō me nā mea a pau i ke koi, ma ka hou, o ka lehulehu (ʻaʻole manawa maikaʻi naʻau i loko) o kona mokuna pā. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka Bihopa o ka ekalesia kahiko o Joachim a me Anna i dismantled, a ma ka wahi koke o ka St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui, hoomaka ae la e kūkulu.

No ka kenekulia Episcopal hale o ka pā kaua i loko o ka pakaua, a pau na koa Kuee aku la lakou aliʻi mana - malu paha 'ana. A, kēlā hou Bishop manao nae e kūkulu i kekahi mea o lākou iho. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka mea, he nui na makahiki wāwahi kekahi kūkuluʻia a me kekahi poe e ae i kūkulu, ua kūkuluʻia, hoihoi hou ia, ua hoʻopuniʻia nā hale.

Ka loa hana keaka loli aia ma ka lula Euphimia II (1429-1458). An outspoken hoa paio o ka hoohui o Novgorod i Moscow i hana i nā hana 'ole i loko o Rusia, a ano hoi ke kia hoʻomanaʻo o kuhikuhipuʻuone, ka mea wale hale i loko o ka Kokika kaila - ka Faceted keena. A ina e nana aku i ka mea 'ano uku (kiʻi ma luna), ka mea maloko kuhikuhipuʻuone mea wale nani a me ka loa hanana.

Information no ka malihini

It E e pono e loaʻa mai ka poe a pau i e hoʻolala i ka holo ana i kekahi o na kulanakauhale loa nani a kahiko o Rusia, a makemake e hele aku e ike i ka Novgorod Kremlin (Veliky Novgorod), oaka ae la na hora o ka nohona mea, a me ka waiwai e lilo aku ana o balota. Mua, e hoʻomanaʻoʻia ai ia i ke koena hooponopono i hoomakaukau i nā lā ka wā i kipa 'ana i hiki e loa noa:

• Mea a pau e i 'aʻole naʻei paʻa i ka makahiki o ka 18 - kela Wednesday mua o ka malama, 1 September, 1 June,
• Nui ohana - ka mua Wednesday o ka mahina.
• Haumāna Nakhimov a Suvorov Koa School - pule ma ka Poakahi.
• Pensioners - 1 October.
• Loa a pau makaainana - 18 May, ma ka la o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha International, e like me ia ma July a me Augate kela Poalima.

Like no ke kumukuai o ka balota, e mea pono e möakäka hou i ka 'ike i loko o ka pahu Keena o ka iau-no?. Ma kona mokuna i ke kaawale ana o ka mea. Oe ke koho mea 'oe makemake e hoihoi i loko, a me ka ole, e uku aku no ke koena. No ka laʻana,ʻimi ana Sofia belfry, Facets (Vladychnaya) keʻena e e 150 rubles. Nā haumāna, kiʻekiʻe loa nā ho'ēmi kālā, na keiki i ka 16 makahiki i loko o kekahi o na mea hiki ke hele aku me ka uku ole.

'O ka hoʻolālā e kipa Detinets (Veliky Novgorod)? Wehe hola o ka luna 'E e möakäka hou ma mua. He nui nā mea naciiiuo waiū a i ka mahele i loko o ke ao e hoola i manawa, ma kahi e hiki ke lawe mai i ka hoihoi hou ia ana hana, a me ka manaʻo kōkua ma keia pili, e e paa. No ka laʻana, Sofia belfry loaʻa no ka kipa ma weekdays mai ka hora umi o ke kakahiaka a eono i loko o ke ahiahi, a ma Friday a ua kikooia aku i ka hopena pule noho a hiki i 20:00. Paha hoʻokoe balota ma mua online. kēia mau nīnau a pau, e pane mai anei oeʻaha hui 'Ikepili Museum-Reserve Service.