Pā'oihana, Hana
'O ka R-500 he pōhaku ho'okūkū ki'eki'e a pololei. 'O ka missile rīwī ma kahi'oihana
I ka makahiki 2011, ua ho'olālā'ia kekahi polokalamu hana kaua kaua ma ka makahiki 2011-2020 (hiki ke ho'omau'ia ka palena manawa no ka ho'okō'ana i pili i ka pilikia o ka ho'okele waiwai.). I loko o ka papahana o ka Polokalamu, ua ho'omau'ia ke kāko'o hou a me ka ho'ololi hou'ana o nā mea kaua i kēia manawa. Ho'okumu nā Missiles i kahi ko'iko'i nui i ka hana hou o nā Koa Koa o Rusia.
Kāhiko'ana i nā pū'ali koa me nā mea kaulike
I ka hopena o 2014, ka Lunakanawai o ka General Staff Valery Gerasimov ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo i ka hopena o hoʻonupaikini o ka poʻe kaua ma luna o ka makahiki i hala iho nei. E like me ka hapa o ke Kao lele lako kaua ipu, ka mea kaulana Rusia i loaa kanakolu-ewalu Melia i ballistic Kao lele lako kaua. Ua ho'opiha'ia nā papa ku'ipu'i me nā pahi kaua'onihi hō'aia hou. Ho'opili'ia'elua mau pu'upu'u ma Iskander-M.
Ua ha'i pū'o ia e pili ana i ka hā'awi'ana i nā lakohana i ka Navy,'o ia ho'i: ka moku Subvoine Novorossiysk, ke kai moana moana moana me nā missiles cruise Severodvinsk, nā moku ukana li'ili'i Uglich a Grad Sviyazhsk. Eia hou, ke ho'omaika'i'ia nei ka pūnaewele e a'o nei no kahi ho'ouka kaua.
Pehea ka "Iskander"
Ua'ike mua'ia'o "Iskander" ma ka hō'ike MAKS-99 o nā hō'ike aulipoli ma Zhukovsky, Moscow Region. 'O Sergei Ivanov,'o ia ka lā Kuhina'o Defence o Russia, ua ho'omaopopo'o ia ua kū'ai'ia kēia pākaha missile mai ka makahiki 2005.
'O ka mua o Iskander ka pahu missile 9K714 "Oka", i kūkulu'ia ma lalo o ke alaka'i a ka mea ho'olālā me ka inoa nui o SP. Kūle'a'ole. 'O ka hopena o ka "'Oka", he mea'ino loa ia.
I ka makahiki 1987, ua kākau inoa nā pelekikena o ka USSR a me'Amelika Huipū'ia,'o Gorbachev a me Reagan i ke Kānāwai e ho'okahuli ana i nā Missiles li'ili'i li'ili'i. Ua pani'ia nā'auhe'e kaua o ka'iliahi kari, akā, no nā hana a ka alaka'i USSR,'o nā pūnaewele'oihana ko'iko'i nui no ka palekana o ka'āina i ka palena. Ua helu'ia'o "'Oka" ma kēia papa inoa a ua luku'ia. I ka makahiki 1989, ua ho'opau'ia'elua haneri missiles a me ho'okahi haneri haneli'elua.
"'O" hysteria "'o Iskander
Ua hiki i nā haumāna Invincible ke ho'ōla hou i ka complex, i kapa'ia'o "Iskander" ('o ia ho'i ma ka unuhi'ana mai ka Tatar "lanakila"). 'O ka'ōpili hou,'o ka'oi aku, ua'oi aku ka ma'alahi a me ke'ano o nā ho'ohālike i ka ho'ohālikelike'ana me kona mua. Eia na'e,'o nā mana'o mua a pau, i waiho'ia ma ka "'Oka", ua'ike i kā lākou ho'omau a me kā lākou ulu'ana i ka "Iskander".
Ma ke'ano o ka hau'oli nui, ua ho'okumu ka'elele politika o ke komohana i ka'ōlelo i ka ho'olālā'ana o Iskander i Rusia, ma ka'āina'o Kaliningrad, i ka lā 5 o Nowemapa, 2008. Kēia stimulation ua like i ka mea e 'ike i ka hoohiki ana o ka Suria Nine Inch a'Ilana nukelea mea kaua. Mai ia manawa, ua lilo i mea ho'omana'o i ka missile R-500 Iskander no NATO a me ka United States ma ia mau kūlana, i ka wā i pau ai ka ho'opi'i.
Akā, pehea ka hopena? He aha ka mea? A'o ka mea'oia'i'o, he'ano pa'akikī ia nā pūnaewele punihana o ka Iskander. He kumu kēia no kēia. Eia kekahi la'ana:
- 'O ka pahi kaua moana e hiki ke ho'oholo me nā loiloi nui, hiki'ole i kēia lā ke ho'okō i kekahi missile interceptor i ka honua.
- 'Oiai inā hiki i ka helu mua, hiki'ole ke'ike'ia e ka lā'au radar ma'amau.
- "Iskander" hiki iā ia ke ho'olei i nā pahuhopu nui e ho'owalewale i ka'enemi, a me ka ho'okumu'ana i ka ho'opuka'ana i ke kelepona a ho'opau i nā mea pā'ani i ho'onohonoho'ia ma loko o ka pūnaewele pale kaua.
No laila, hiki ke ho'opau'ia kekahi mea i kahi mamao aku a hiki i ka'elima haneli kilomita e ka Iskander pā'ani kokoke i kahi haneli haneli.
'O ka mana'o ko'iko'i RK he'ekolu'ano: Iskander-E, Iskander-M a me Iskander-K.
"Iskander-E"
Ho'onohonoho'ia kēia pūnaewele no ka lawe aku. 'O nā kumu nui o kēia mau mea: ke ākea -'elua haneri a me kanawalu kilomita me ka nui o ka hapa nui o'ehā haneri a me kanawalu kilokani; 'O ka holo o ka lele he 2100 m / sec.
'O ka'ili pahuhopu e komo pū me kahi missile kū ho'okahi, kahi pūnaewele ho'oili pono'ī pono'ī, nā kauoha a me nā limahana a me nā mīkini ki'i kālai wa'a, kahi pūnaewele no ka ho'ona'auao'ike, nā pūnaewele pūnaewele e ho'olako ana i nā kenekihana a me nā papahana ho'omohala ma nā papahana hana'ike'ike.
Iskander-M
'O kēia'ano o "Iskander" ka mea nui, pa'akikī, no ka ho'ohana'ana i ka home. Ma ke kumu, ua ho'okumu'ia kahi koho koho'ana - Iskander-E.
'Ike'ole'o Iskander-M i ka nānā'ana i ka mea mua a hiki iā ia ke ho'ololi'oi aku ma mua o ka ho'ouka'ana a me ka hope o ka holo. Ho'okomo'ia kāna pūnaewele alaka'i, me ka ho'oulu'ana o ka'ike a me ka laser, ke a'o a me ka GPS.
R-500 hāmele
Ho'ohana'ia lākou ma ka pūnaewele misisle Iskander-M. A ua hana'ia ka cruiseles R-500 mai ka makahiki 1998.
'O kēia mau pahi kaua'ehā haneri a me kanawalu kilokani, e hana ma kahi lō'ihi o'elima mau kilomita me kahi lō'ihi o ka lō'ihi o iwakāluakūmāhā mau minuke, me ka wikiwiki'elua haneri me kanakolu a me'elua haneri kanaono kauka no kēlā me kēia. 'Oiai i ho'omaka mua'ia ka missile cruise no'Isekander-M, ma hope mai, ua ho'ololi'ia i ka Iskander i ho'opili'ia. 'O nā ho'okolohua mua me kahi pa'akikī maika'i i mālama'ia ma Kapustin Yar i ka makahiki 2007. Ma laila, hō'ike ka R-500 i nā mea maika'i loa.
'O ka polokalamu mālama pūnaewele ka mea i'ike'ia ma luna o ka GSP a me ka papapihi kamepiula. 'A'ole i wehewale CU. 'O ka'ōnaehana ho'olālā e hana nei i ka hui pū me nā pūnaewele ho'okele mokulele. Ua ho'okomo pinepine'ia nā'ike'ike'ike i nā missile i kahi kūhaka i loko o ka SPU. Lawe koke'ia ka'ikepili helu a hiki ke ho'ololi i mua o ka ho'omaka.
"He'āina"
Ho'omoe i nā mīkini ho'okūkū i ka lepo, ho'ohana'ia lākou e lanakila i nā'ōkuhi ma ka honua a ua ho'oku'u'ia ho'i mai ka lepo. 'O kēia inoa, me ka ho'ohana'ana i ka hua'ōlelo "air-air", a me nā mea'ē a'e, kahi wale nō i ho'ohana'ia ma Rusia, a ua ho'ohana'ia ma mua i ka USSR. No laila, e like me nā hua'ōlelo Lūkini,'o nā missiles Iskander R-500 he mau pūlili māhele honua. I nā'āina'ē a'e, ua kapa'ia lākou he'ano ma'alahi a ma'alahi paha.
"Iskander-K"
Ua ho'omohala'ia kahi'oihana piha a'e o Iskander-M i ka makahiki 2012. Ua kapa'ia ia'o Iskander-K. Ua ho'olako'ia nā missiles ala like'ole, e like me ka P-37, me ka halihali'ana i nā'ao'ao. Pēlā, hiki hiki ke pana koke a me ka pololei ma ke alahele papa. Hiki i ka pakuhi R-500 ke lele i kahi ki'eki'e'eono mau mika. Loa'a iā ia he GOS hui a me nā alahele. Hiki i ka pilikia ke ho'oku'u i'elua mau misiales no nā mea like'ole me ka ha'alulu i ho'okahi minute.
Hui o "Iskander"
E like me ke koa akamai, ina ka i ka wā hoʻokahi 'ana o "Iskander-M" a me "Iskander-K", kiʻi i ka synergistic hookoia, i mea ole hiki ke counteract kekahi i kekahi o ka Anati-Kao lele lako kaua nenoai. I ka holo'ana o Iskander i ka ki'eki'e a ki'eki'e loa o ka'ano like'ole a loa'a iā ia nā'ano like'ole a lele lele ma kahi ki'eki'e'eono mika'o Iskander o kekahi'ano'ē a'e e kuhikuhi'ia i kahi pahuhopu like, hiki i ke ki'eki'e ki'eki'e loa.
Ho'ololi o "Iskander"
US pane koke i nā mea a pau kamaʻilio auwai a, i ka wa i Rusia i waiho "Iskander"'ōnaehana i loko o ka Kaliningrad'āina, hoolale ia mai e destabilize i ke kulana maʻEulopa. Ua hō'ike pū aku nō ho'i'o Polani a me Latvia i ko lākou mana'o e pili ana i kēia hopena, e hō'ike ana i nā hana e like me kā lākou'ōlelo,'a'ole ia e alaka'i i kahi makemake e pili kokoke i ka pilina me ka NATO a me ka Europa. 'O ka hopena o ka Azerbaijan he mea maika'i nō ho'i, ma hope o kēia hā'awi'ia'ana o nā missiles i Armenia. 'O nā'ōlelo ho'oha'aha'a a pau i hana'ia ma mua o kēia manawa, ua ho'opau koke'ia.
I ke kauwela o 2014, ma hope o ka hoʻohui'āina o Crimea i Rusia, ka pelekikena i aponoia i ka hoʻonohonoho 'ia nā pono i loko o ka Crimea. Ua hiki'ole i ka pae moku'o R-500 i ka moku Iskander ha'alele i'Europa a me ka'Amelika Huipū'ia. A'o ke'ano o kā lākou pane'ana, ua nui ka leo a me ka hewa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau,'ike'ia ke'ano o nā mea kaua weliweli i ka Moana'ele'ele i ka nui o ka mana me NATO.
'A'ohe mea e pane aku ai iā Iskander. No laila, ka wikiwiki o ke komohana o ke Komohana i ka ho'olimalima hou'ana i nā'ōpili Lūkini ma loko o kona kalana. Eia na'e, i ka'umi mau makahiki i hala, ua'ōlelo'ia e ho'onohonoho'ia nā pūnaewele pahi kaua Iskander i ka pane'ana i ka pale a me ka pale kaua a NATO kokoke i nā palena o Rūka. A ua hana'ia kēia. 'O ka mea nui loa i ka NATO ka hana kūlua o Iskander: ma Kaliningrad a me Crimea.
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