'O nā Genetics Genender a me ka Problem Problem

I ka Mea Paipala buke o Genesis ka mea, ua palapala e pili ana i ke kumu o ka? Ueo Homo Sapiens Sapiens: «na kanaka a me na wahine a ke Akua i hanaʻi ia". 'O wai lākou - he kāne a he wahine:'elua hapa'elua a'elua paha mau uku'ē a'e? Ho'ohui pū'ia no ka ho'omau'ana o ke'ano o ka mea i hana'ia, i nā manawa a pau o ke ola, ai'ole he'oi aku ka pololei, ma nā wahi'ē a'e o ke ola, a'ole ka hānau'ana, he mau hoaaloha a he'enemi paha? Pehea ke'ano o ka pilina o ke kanaka e pili ai i kēia me ia "kahua"? A pehea e hiki ai i ke genetics male ke ho'ololi i nā pilikia o ka li'ili'i?

Aristotle, ka mea, ua loihi ia mai i kekahi laekahi 'epekema o aaiaoe?, A hiki ma ka 4th kenekulia BC, olelo'ōlelo o ka naauao: "He kanaka paha ke i ke kanaka." Ma hope o'elua a me ka hapalua makahiki, i ka makahiki 1956, ua hō'oia nā'epekema i ke kuleana o ka Y-chromosome no ke kū'ana o ka'ōpū male i loko o ka'ōpū o ka makuahine, i lawe'ia i ke keiki wale nō mai ka makua kāne mai, no ka mea, aia ma ka kino o ka makuahine. He ka walu o ka hebedoma, i ka embryo e kuhikuhi i ke kahua o ka ke keka glands, haliu ae la ia ia i na kanaka o ka hoʻi. Kēia aaiaoe? O keka hoʻoholo hou morphological ke keka, i ka mea, i ke kahua o ka mawaho genitalia, a, ma hope o ka hanau ana o ke keiki, a me kona oʻoʻana, kiʻekiʻe 'īnea i ano.

'O ka hele'ana a i'ole ka hele'ana o ka Y-chromosome e ho'opilikia i ka gonadal (ka ulu'ana o ka'ōma'a wahine a me nā mea male paha), gamete (ka hiki o ka momona e huahua i nā hua a me ka sperm) a me ka wahine hormonal (ke ho'ohahu'ia mai e ka kino estrogens a me nā torogens) - hormones male and men). Akā, no ka mea, he kanaka ola kanaka,'a'ole wale i nā genetics o ka wahine ke kau i ka hopena ma luna o kēlā me kēia kanaka, akā'o ka hui pū'oko'a ho'i me kona mau kānāwai a me nā loina. No laila, he kāne kūlana kāne maoli kekahi -'o ka mea i loa'a iā ia e nā po'e'ē a'e. Me ka'ilāne kāne kūlohelohe e pili pili i ke kāne -'o kahi o nā moekolohe a me nā hana a ka lehulehu e mana'o nei (a'o ka mea e koi pinepine ai) mai ka mea halihali i ka wahine. Eia kekahi la'ana, makemake'ia nā kāne e loa'a ka wiwo'ole, ka hakakā, ka kū'oko'a, a me ka wahine - ke akahai, ke aloha, ka hilina'i, ka mana'o.

'Oi, i ka'ike'ana o ka ho'omeamea mele a me ka'ike pilikino iā mākou iho he mau kāne a he wahine paha. 'O ka hō'ole'ana i nā koi kāne kāne ma ke'ano'ole e hō'ike i ka transsexualism: inā makemake ka wahine e mālama i ka'oihana kāne "male" a hō'ike i ka kū'oko'a a me ka ikaika i ka hana'ana i nā ho'oholo,'a'ole ia he mana'o kona mana'o e like me ke kāne. Pāpā wale'o ia no ka'oia'i'o o kēia'oihana i kapa'ia he kāne, a'o kahi ho'onohonoho kūpono e kau'ia ma luna o ka wahine. Akā, pehea e pili ai i ka wā e pili'ole ai ka pilina pili i ke kino o ka wahine i pili i ka wahine'ē?

I ka makahiki 1990, Pelekāne nä känaka 'epekema P.Gudfellou hoʻokolokolo kane Y-chromosome a SRY loaa ka'ōewe i mea kuleana no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o testosterone. No laila, ua holomua ka'enepekema o nā mea kanu o ka wahine. Hō'ike'ia i nā ho'okolohua'ana i nā mammals inā e ho'okomo'ia ka wahine wahine i ka ho'omaka mua'ana o ka gene SRY, hana'ia nā'ōpū male,'a'ole ia e alaka'i i ka'oia'i'o ua hānau'ia ke kāne - he wahine e hele pū ana me nā hō'ailona o ka pseudo-hermaphroditism wahine. Inā ho'ololi'ia ka'ōpena male i ka ulu'ana o ka testosterone, e ho'okumu'ia ka pseudo-hermaphroditism.

Akā,'a'ole ka pilina ma ke alo o kekahi mau hi'ohi'ona wahine ma lalo o ka mana o ka testosterone. 'O ka transsexuals holo'oko'a, ke'ano o ke kino,'a'ole lākou e'ae i ka ho'ohālikelike'ana i ke'ano o ka moekolohe, i hā'awi'ia iā lākou ma ke'ano, a no ka pili'ana i ka wahine'ē. A'o kēia makemake,'o nā mea a pau a nā kāhuna pule a me nā kūlana palekana e'ōlelo ai,'a'ole ia he mea ho'opunipuni'ole wale nō a'a'ole ho'i he hō'ike i ka hala o ka pono. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, e ho'omaka ana ka moekolohe i loko o nā keiki'ōpio (kokoke i'elua mau makahiki), ke makemake ka keiki e kapa'ia ma ka inoa i hā'awi'ia i ka wahine'ē. Hoohanau hoʻonaʻauao loa e hana i kekahi mea, a wale exacerbates ka trauma. Ho'okomo'ia nā keikikāne i nā pāpani a me nā kapa, nā kaikamāhine pugnacious a pā'ani i nā pā'ani "boyish". I ka wā'ōpiopio, hiki i nā kāne transsexual ke makemake i "ka'ao'ao" - ma ko lākou'ike - a me "nā mea pono'ī" - i nā maka o ke kaiāulu - ka wahine. Hiki ke pili i kahi kanaka i 150,000 -'o ia ho'i, ka nui loa o ka pakeneka o ia po'e i ka hui.