Oiaio a me ka wahaheʻe i loko o ka hana keaka "Ka Lower hohonu" Gorky

Gorky Ua mau o Laielohelohe i ke kuʻikahi, a me ka paio ana o ku pono ana i (i nui ka mea, ua he Marxist): kaiāulu kanaka, a kanaka, ka waiwai a me ka ilihune, i ka pono a me ka hewa, ka oiaio a me ka wahaheʻe. Ma ka hana keaka "Ka Lower hohonu" mea kākau e hoʻokele loa maopopo hōʻike i ka unbearable ehaeha o ka oiaio a me ka hoola i ka mana o ka moe no ka nawaliwali, haʻihaʻi i ke kanaka. He nui controversial Lūkini hana i paʻiʻia,ʻaʻole i ka hale, a me kahi e. Au ua i koe, a me ka hana keaka "Ka Lower hohonu". Gorky palapala iho la ia ma ka hope o 1901 - hoomaka ana o ka 1902. Original inoa: "I ka lalo o ke ola", "Sunless", "Doss hale", "lalo".

Ka hula i wale 'ae' ia ma ka Moscow Art Kino, kahi ia i mua o ke kahua 18 December 1902 nā alakaʻi o ka Stanislavsky a me Nemirovich-Danchenko i lawe mai. I ka 1904, ua loaa ka ia nā kumu kāki Griboyedov.

honua slums

Muaʻikeʻia ma luna o ka loa kanaka "lalo" - aihue, hookamakama, gamblers a me ka ona, a me ka mea kākau i ohi ia ma ka nightmarish flophouse.

Sad kulana home 'ole ua kokoke mai no kona meʻe Maxim Gorky - ma ka lalo o ke kaiāulu no e ka makaʻu no, "i ka hale ilalo, e like me ka ana," he haʻahaʻa palena o kaumaha, "unpainted a me kaʻino"ʻoihana. O ka holo ana, he alii debauchery, inu, piliwaiwai, kaua, bickering pau ole, ilihune a me ka palaka. Ka mea kākau Aʻole i hookoeʻeleʻele HW - e like ka maikai me ko lakou wahi o noho na koa o na hana.

Nā noho o ka "lalo"

Ka rooming hale noho i ke keiki aihue lehu wahine Nastia, he hōkaiʻia aliÿi (Baron), e noho ana no ka Nastya ka lilo, locksmith ukuia, a me kona make ana wahine, Mea Keaka-kanakaʻona mau, kāleka tricksters pāhoehoe, kartuznik Bubnov a me kekahi poe e ae, e like loa me ka ua kapaʻia. Ua loaʻa kēia lua o ke kuko a me ka inaina i loko o kona ostentatious piety Kostylev me ka manao pono hoomaopopoia i "ole e ka lokomaikai o ka naau ke equated me ke kala." No laila,ʻo ia ka waimaka i ka poe ilihune, mai ko lakou mau hoa ekolu tehasa, i ua mea e kuai i kaʻaila i loko o ka aila kukui. Mākou ke i aku nei au i loko o kēia hana keaka Gorky i hana mai i kekahi kaila "noir" - nae, he nui Lūkini hana keaka hewa ua höʻike pü hopelessness.

Ma mua, i ka hula huapalapala endlessly squabble ma maʻamau o kumuhana apau loa - i ka barona aole makemake ole e kahili i ka hale, a laila, tick snarls ma ka pane ana i hoopiiia mai o ka mokumokuahua i kana maʻi wahine, ka peddler wili discusses ka feasibility o ka mare ana. A hiki aku ka mea, he hele hewa iaʻelemakule rooming hale kamakamailio ae la oia Luke kona i ka hua'ōlelo koke lawe i ka philosophical huli. Kēia mea kahi ia maoli, a kaua aku i ka oiaio a me ka wahaheʻe i loko o ka hana keaka "Ka Lower hohonu".

Kumumea o Karistiano i loko o ka hana

Ka malihini ku mai, mai ka paʻa nā kupa "kostylevskih Hui" i ka mea i noho he kula haʻahaʻaa manaʻo kanaka. Kekahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana Luke - he io ano, aʻo kona inoa kaulike, mai "ka hewa i kekahi". Akā, apparently keia mea i ka hihia ma ka huli ana o ka umikumamaiwa a me ka iwakalua kenekulia. Gorky ua he follower o ke akua-hale kumumanaʻo, i ho'āʻo e hoolaulea Marxism a me Kristiano, me ka nānā 'ia ma ka similarity o philosophies.

Oiaio a me ka wahaheʻe i loko o ka hana keaka "Ka Lower hohonu" o ka loa intricately intertwined i loko o ka palapala o Luke, i mea e aho ka Ahahui Euanelio külana. Kona mau manaʻo pili kēia Christian:ʻo ia ua maoli imi e hooluolu aku i kaʻehaʻeha o (a me ka hiki, ma keia awaawa a me ka ike i ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ka hoomana). Ke kanaka kahiko hōʻoluʻolu i ka make Anna, sympathetically hoʻolohe i ka fictional aloha moʻolelo Nasty wahine hoʻokamakama, wehewehe i ke kanakaʻona mau Mea Keaka ma ka haukapila, a ua koi 'o ia e ola, imi i ka aihue Vaska hele i Siberia e hoohuli, a hoomaka i ka hou pono ke ola.

Luke manaoio i ke poho o ka manaolana hoahewaiaʻe e make ia, a hai i ka olelonane no ke kanaka, i ka wa e ola moe, e hele i "ka aina o ka pono." Ma luna o ke aʻo 'ana i ia i ole malaila, oia kaulaʻi i (pono welau a i me ka lilo ana o ka manaoio ma ka hoola ana o ka kanakaʻona mau Mea Keaka, mea, ma ka mea, o ka hula Gorky a me ka welau).

No laila, i ka mea hookahi: oiaio a hoopunipuni? Mahalo a aloha?

Ua ua i hōʻikeʻia mai ka mea kākau hōʻoia manaʻolana me ka illusion ka noonoo e, pela huli ia i loko o ka wahahee, akā, ka mea, ua ma luna o kēia manawa heʻano o polemics me Luca lawe pāhoehoe. He ua he keiki aʻu i heluhelu i ka puu, a laila, pepehi i ke kanaka, e hoʻopale ai i kona kaikuahine i loko o ka hale paʻahao addicted i ka pepa, a hoomaka ae la e hana i kekahi mea ola scam. Pāhoehoe ironic, akamai i hanaʻia. Kona Outlook iki coincides me na manao o Luke: Ua manaoio i ka piko o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa - i ke kanaka, a me kona kīvila. Akā, inā Luke kahea aku "manawa o kanaka aloha," i kekahi mea no ka Aa aloha unacceptable: ". E pono i na kanaka ... ole e nei ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa iā ia ... aloha"

I ka hoopiiia mai i ke kanaka kahiko o ka falsity roommates, ka gambler-imi naʻauao passionately hoomalu aku ia ia: "He nui na kanaka e moe ana mai o ka minamina no ka hoalauna ... Aia hōʻoluʻolu e moe, e moe poe hoahanau." He ana ia ia iho, nae, wahi a kona unambiguous hewa, akā, ke hoʻomaopopo iho i ka inevitability o kekahi: "Owai la ka mea palupalu uhane ... a me nā poʻe e noho ana Piʻihonua ... i ka wahahee ka pono."

Ka palapala, ai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka mea kākau o ka makemake

Oiaio a me ka wahaheʻe i loko o ka hana keaka "Ka Lower hohonu" i kū'ē i wale o ka manao koa. Ke kumu nui ke ku e ana o, like mau, ma waena o ka olelo a me ka hana, me ka manao a me ka ike maopopo. Pāhoehoe ka nui o ka laua kamailio ana e pili ana i ka mea i kanaka "kani maikai" - ia, nae, aole e oi aku i ke kāleka sharpie, ka manao ole i ka hana: "E hana? No ka mea? E e hoʻoana aku? ". No, no papa oe i ia e "maluna satiety." Hana, nolaila, mea reprehensible, a'āpuhi ma pepa - ole.

He mea pono ia mākou i kēia manawa kaawale, mai ka Socialist ideology, a ua lilo ia i mea pani o Maxim Gorky. "I ka lalo" - He hana keaka hana hoihoi a me ka hohonu, ia meaʻaʻole paha ia e wale e ia me ka noʻonoʻo loi o capitalist lehulehu. He hiki i ka mea kākau ho'āʻo i maopopo ole wale ma waena o ka oiaio, a me ka wahahee, akā, i ke kanaka nana i kani maikai, a me ka poʻe i loko o a kona mua nui loa, mai kekahi mea koe.

E nānā i loko o ka lua

Kekahi o nā huapalapala ma ka hula e loa maopopo outlines na kumu no kona noho "ma ka lalo": "E like me au hoʻomaka e hoʻopiha - ka prop holoʻokoʻa, hoʻokahi ili koe ... A nae - I Like palaualelo. Kuko like au e i makemake i ka hana. "

Ma ka hope hana Nastya formulates keia laina eia ka mea hope: "... oe i e hoʻopau aku i ka'ōpala ... aloha i loko o ka lua." Kēia kani e like me ka makemake ana ia meaʻawaʻawa loa manaʻo i oe e anaiia mai i ka "hana wale na kanaka", a aole hoi i hooluoluia humane e moe, aole nae kela kanaka ola -ʻaʻole i makehewa. Ma keia hihia, i ka make ana o ka Mea Keaka, ma hope ihola ka futility o kona ola, ka loa symbolic.