Ostap Vishnya: Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu, ke ola a me ka papa inoa o nā puke

Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka mea nui wale kanaka, e like holoholona - he ano o ka Quotes, a hiki i ka akaaka. Ina keia mea oiaio, e e hiki ke olelo ole ia i ka geneticist, a laila, hoʻokahi haneri makahiki, elua haneri, ka wā hope i hoʻokaʻina 'mai me kanaka DNA. Ka mea wale nō mea i kekahi ke e hōʻoia i kēia manawa - i ka hiki i ka lanakila ma luna o nā mea a pau hihia Quotes i ola ole wale lei, akā, hoi hou leʻaleʻa.

Ostap Vishnya, nona Kawaihae mea o ka hoihoi ana i na mea he nui o kona mau kânaka - i ke kanaka apau i hoʻopaʻi. He haule iho la e ola mau ao kaua, he kipi a me ka loli ana o kekahi mau kālai'āina? Eiia io. Eia hou, kekahi mau manawa ia i ua ma luna o ka verge o ka make, a ua mālama i loko o kahi e hoʻomoana ai no na makahiki he nui ma luna o ka pu-i 'āhewa' ana. Eia naʻe, hoʻowahāwahā i kēia mau hanana, oia ua hiki i ka noho pono a me ka kohu kūpono ke kanaka, a me ka ua i nalowale i ka pono o ka Humor, ana ia ia akaaka pu hoi miliona o ka heluhelu.

Kawaihae Ostap kamako iki (Paul Hubenko): kamaliʻi mea kākau

Aina hanau o comedian i loko o ka maʻamau ohana mahiʻai ma ka Poltava'āina i loko o ka waena o November 1989 (e me ka. Grun Sumy māhele 'āina). He mea'ē aʻe iā ia, i ka makua Heʻumikumamāono nā keiki. I loko nō o ka paakiki i ke ola a me ka ilihune, ua ulu na makua, a kōkua i ku mai ai i kana mau keiki a pau. Ua mea noteworthy i kekahi o na hoahanau Ostap Cherries i lilo i kekahi mea kākau moʻolelo-humorist ma lalo o ka pseudonym Vasil Chechvyansky. Ka mea i olelo mua iaʻi, a kekahi o Paul mau kaikuahine - Ana. Akā, koke ia ka noonoo e haalele i ka palapala, ai '' oihana, arguing i kona hana no laila, i kā lākou mauʻohana, a no laila, he nui moʻolelo.

Like Paul nui mua, oia i hoouna aku i ka noiʻi i loko o nā kula haʻahaʻa Zenkovsky. Ma hope o kona puka loea kanaka hoʻomau i kona mau haʻawina ma ka 'inikua koa kula o ke kulanakauhale o Kiev. Ma hope o kona Hubenko umikumamawalu na makahiki, a me ia ua hiki ke kiʻi i ka 'oihana me he paramedic.

I mua ia i hana i loko o ka poʻe koa, akā, ma hope ua hiki ke loaʻa i ka unuhi ma keʻoki kino Kiev Haukapila South Western aeaciua ai. I loko nō o ka mea Paul ua hiki e hoike ia lakou iho pono ma ka lapaau ana, makemake oia e kākau. Ia mea ke kumu oia i hoolilo i kona hoʻokoe manawa e pakiko-ka hoʻonaʻauao. i kona mau hana a pau i loko o make hewa, a ua hele aku la oia i ka mawaho examinations i ka iwakalua-ewalu makahiki ma ke kula, i ae la ia ia, e komo i ke Kulanui o Kiev. Eia naʻe, Paul uaʻaʻole hiki ke hoopaa ia, no ka mea, ke kipi wawahi mai, a ma hope o ka Kanawai War.

Life a me ka hana i loko o ka Kanawai War

E like me ka kūhelu Kawaihae o Ostap kamako iki, i ka 1918 i koho 'ia i loko o ka' inikua hapa o ka Ukrainian People ka Army (kekahi manawa koa ho okumu i kapaia "Petlura"). I kēia lā ia mea paakiki ke olelo aku nei au i ka nui o kona kaʻana lākou hilinaʻi, akā, me he kauka, ka mea, he e kokua i ka eha. A Paul mahope o loko o keia, like no ka makahiki ka mea, ua hiki ke ala hou ana i ka hoouka i ke kaua i luna o ke alahao ola ana o UNR.

I kanakolu makahiki Paulo Gubenko i pio ma ka Communists. Eia, ka mea i manaoia he waiwai "āpana" a ua hoouna aku ia Kharkov, kahi āna i manaʻo ai e pana aku ai. Eia naʻe, ma ka hiki i ka mea kākau moʻolelo i koke haawiia mai i ka lumi i loko o ke kanaka, ke kaiāulu keʻena, nae a me ka hooponopono i koe. No laila, ( 'aʻole i Kawaihae o ka mea kākau pololei ike, no ke aha la i hiki mai, ka mea, i ka lono i kekahi o na luna aupuni, ka poe i aloha i kaʻike hoʻokumu o ka uʻi kākau moʻolelo,ʻo ia noi no ka kala, a, e makaʻuʻole hale) Ostap Vishnya no ka manawa mua i pakele hooko.

I loko nō o ka kaua, a he wahi lihi iki o ka hana i loko o ka haukapila, Paul Hubenko 'Imi kākau. mea kākau paʻi i ka mua o kona mau satirical apana me ke kuleana "Demokratichnі mihi Denіkіna" koke ma mua o ka noho pio ana. Keia hana i loaa i ke 'ano koke hiʻona like me ka mea kākau kaʻoi loa, a scathingly i hoʻopuʻukahua i ka hewa o ka UNR aupuni a me kona kūkulu' ia. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia noho ma kaʻaoʻao o ka ano o kanaka e like me kona makua. A, e like me na wawe o kona poe hoahanau a me ka poe makamaka, ma kana mau hana a pau Hubenko hōʻike ke aloha i kona poe kanaka, a aupuni, ma muli naʻe o nā mea a pau nawaliwali a me ka hewa. Keia hana, oia kakau inoa i ka pseudonym Paulo Grunsky.

ʻike hoʻokumu i ka hōʻeaʻana mai o Soviet mana

Ma hope o ka pomaikai o ka puke mua o nā mea a pau satires ma lalo o ka ia pseudonym lilo loa pinepine hou i loko o ka ahakanaka. I ke kauwela o 1921 ka mea i paʻiʻia ma ka hana kaulana "Ka Kooks їy ke Akua!", O na kanawai hea i kakauinoa i ka wahahee inoa Ostap Vishnya mua.

Kawaihae no ka mea kākau a me ka mea ia manawa ua piha oia i ka puu o ka ulia. No laila, ma hope o ka hope loa ana o Soviet mana i loko o ka mokuna o Ukraine Ostap Cherries i hewa o ka 'āhewa' ana, a hoomaka ae la oia e lawe i kaʻeleu loa i loko o ka nohona a me ka hoʻopuka puke ola ana o ko lakou aina. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo i kekahi aoao i na palapala, ai 'a papa hana e like me "dia" (Community proletarian Ukrainian moʻolelo) a me "oo palau" (kua'āina kaiāulu o nā kākau o Ukraine) a me na mea e ae. Eia hou kekahi, mea, ke hana i loko o ka paiia o ka satirical Magazine "Red kekahi pahūpahū" (hope i kapa ia "kekahi pahūpahū"). Ka mea, ua i ka mau a paʻi mua o na huahelu i hele mai i loko o kona mau hua'ōlelo. Hope, kona kaikaina, satirist Vasil Chechvyansky, i mālama ai i ka luna hoʻoponopono o ka Magazine. Eia hou, i ka ikeʻeleu hana ana o ka mea kākau i loko o ka hoʻolālā mua komite o ka Union o mea kākau.

I loko nō o ka pilikia o ka ho okumu i kekahi aupuni hou, repression, nele i ka ai, a pau na hemahema, o ka mea kākau moʻolelo 'aʻole i nele i kona optimism a mau i ke kākauʻana. E like me kekahi lala o ka "oo palau", oia apo la i ko lakou mau papa kuhikuhiE postulate - e kākau i loko o Ukrainian. Mahalo i kēia kanaka, e koke hōʻike i loko o ka hou ano moʻokalaleo o ka moʻokalaleo - "usmіshka" ( "Smile"). Kēiaʻano o ka hapalua feuilleton me Humorous na apana i hoolaʻi kaila.

Ma kana mau hana o keia a mahope manawa Ostap Vishnya, kona Kawaihae ua pinepine hoohalikeia me ke Kawaihae o Gogol, wahi a ka satirical mooolelo o ka hope, like hoʻi me Saltykov-Shchedrin, Chekhov, a me Ukrainian moʻolelo - Shevchenko, Franco a me na mea e ae.

Hopu a me ka makahiki o ka paa

I loko nō o ka mea i Ostap kamako iki kalaia no kona hana ma ka UPR i ka 1930 i loko o kekahi o ka palapala, ai 'Magazine paʻi i ka pilikia' atikala ma Alekseya Poltoratskogo ma o ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka hana. Paul ka hopu i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope ma hope o ka mea, ua paʻi hou kekahi o nā paʻi puke.

I kekahi o ka loa apau i manawa no Ukraine i ka makahiki 1933, ka mea kākau moʻolelo Ostap kamako iki i hoopiiia no ka weliweli a me ka ho'āʻo ma kekahi o ka aoao luna, a hoouna aku la i ka Gulag no umi makahiki. I kēia lā ia mea paakiki ke olelo aku i ka mea, i ka pilina i ka hopu ana. Paha i ka mea kākau o ka hala, paha, me kona naʻau koa, a ma o ka hana. I kona mau memo oia Ostap Vishnya mai la oia i kekahi manawa he hiki pono o ke kamailio e pili ana i kekahi mea nui a me ka nui me ka'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka, like loa me censorship, a me nā kaua kiʻekiʻe e maopopo mea loaʻa ka paʻakai, ka mea i hiki i ke pai ia.

E like me declassified palapala o ka manawa ka mea, ua ike ia no ka Ostap kamako iki mauʻike ma luna o. I kekahi manawa āna i manaʻo ai e Imi, akā hoʻololi ko lakou hoomaopopo ana. Ma kana mau palapala a me diaries o Paulo Hubenko he oiaio, ua ikaika ia e pili ana i eviction pilikino E pili Ukrainians pau ohana, a me ka wānana i ka wī i loko o ka palena o ke aupuni i ka 1928,ʻo ia hoʻi, elima makahiki ma mua ka mea, hoomaka. Paha keia i ka hope mauʻu maloʻo, a ua alakai aku i ka hopu ana a me ka wahahee 'āhewa' ana.

Ua ua olelo mai ia, hoʻowahāwahā a pau na mishaps, ka mea kākau moʻolelo Ua laki ke ola a pau, e hele mai hoʻi, a ola mai i ka hoʻopulapula. He oiaio, he nui o kona mau hoa moʻolelo i pana i loko o ka hookahi makahiki. Ua pana pua aku kona kaikaina i ka 1937.

Loa ia Paul Hubenko pale aku ia i ka hopena i loko o kahi hoʻomoana hiki wale kahaha. I ka hookahi makahiki, a pana aku la ia i kona kaikaina Vasil, i ka hana Ukhta-Pechora e hoʻomoana ai, i kahi āna i lawelawe i nā makahiki a pau o kona manaʻo o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, hele mai la i ka mea e e kaawale ai no ka hou'ōhui o ka pio, i ka manao e hiki koke. I unuhi 'ia i loko o' ole-kūhelu 'ōlelo, ka mea hana i ka pana i kekahi o na pio. E hana i kēia, ua hoouna aku la lakou a hiki i ke kokoke wahi. Ostap Vishnya i kekahi mawaena o ka poe i make lālani. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka hewa ka ino ana hoolilo o ka pio a hiki i ka wahi o ka hooko i hoʻokaʻulua. I keia manawa, i weheʻia ke hoʻomoana luna, a me ka mea e pana i ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ua lilo (e like me nā kumu, o ka hooponopono wale i ho'ōla akula i ka mea kākau moʻolelo).

E olelo ana i na makahiki o ka hopena o keia kanaka,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i kana wahine Barbara Maslyuchenko, a no ka pono o kāna kāne aloha hoolei i ka 'oihana i loko o ke poʻo, a hoouna aku la i Siberia. Here ua noho ia ma na wahi a kūlanakauhale o ka umi makahiki i loko o ka hale paʻahao Ostap Cherries. I ka 1943, e lawelawe ana i ko lakou piha manawa ma hope, o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i hookuu.

Ostap kamako iki Kawaihae: ola a me ka hana ma hope o ke kala

Ma keia hoi ana, mai paa, o ka mea kākau moʻolelo hoʻomau i kana hana. Iloko o ka makahiki o ke pio, aole oia i kakau i kekahi mea i loko o kekahi hihia, aole he 'ike e pili ana i na hana Ostap kamako iki wā o ka hoʻopaʻahao.

kona hanaia'na mua ma hope o ke kala i paʻiʻia ma ka makahiki 1944 - "Zenіtka". Heluhelu ia, e hiki ke haha aku i ka loli o ke ano o ka palapala kākau moʻolelo. Ma kekahi, ia mau ia eʻApelila ia, akā, i kona Quotes nui huna nae. Eia hou kekahi, e pale aku pilikia a me ka mana a me ka censorship, kamako iki increasingly komo i loko o kā lākou mau minoʻaka a me ke kiʻi o ka narrator i kekahi i ka hana a pau, me he mea ole i kana mau olelo, a ma ka malamalama o ka manao o ka mea'ē aʻe kanaka. I loko nō o kēia, i ka hana o ka mea kākau mau, e malu loa hiʻona i waena o nā mea heluhelu.

Ma hope o ka Great Patriotic War,ʻike hoʻokumu a me Kawaihae (Ostap Vishnya huli i ka Magazine "kekahi pahūpahū" a devotes i ka hailona o ke kākoʻo 'ana o ka hana ma luna o ia), ka mea kākau moʻolelo ua oi mālie a me ka' O ke kaulike. Iloko o keia manawa, no ka mea kākau UOANʻaʻole e hoʻopā kālai'āina a me ka makemake o nā e kākau e pili ana i ano a me ke ola.

I ka 1955, iloko o ka "thaw" Ostap Vishnya a me kona kaikaina i pana rehabilitated a me ka hewa. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo a me kana wahine, ua hiki ke hoʻi iā Kiev, kahi i make ai i ka makahiki ma hope. I ka makahiki 1991, i ka Kiev o Nuioka ma i ua dramatized kona Kawaihae. Ostap Vishnya Ua hōʻike ikiʻOiaiʻo ia i loko o ka hale paʻahao. Ke ho film Ua kapaia "Mai ka Life o Ostap kamako iki", a me ke kūlana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo superbly i Bohdan Stupka.

Na hana a me ka buke o ka mea kākau

An hana hoihoi mōʻaukala mea: i waena o Ukrainian moʻolelo Ostap kamako iki huahana koikoi lua i loko o ka helu o ka buke, kuai lilo aku la (ka mua, o ka papa, e pili ana i ke kaʻao aliʻi haku). No laila, i loko o 33 makahiki, palapala iho la oia i elua wale satires, a me ka 35 - me ka poe a pau 270!

I ka wā ma mua o kona hopu ia ana mau hele mai ana i ka ohi ana o kana mau hana, ka hapanui o na no ka luna hoʻopuka o ka USSR i manao ai loaʻa 'feuilletonistic ia ia i kakau inoa ia e ka pseudonym Ostap Vishnya. (Ua hāʻawiʻia ma lalo o ka papa inoa o ka maikai puke) Kawaihae i ka mea kākau i hoʻomohala i loko o ia i kekahi ala e hiki ia ia ua hiki ke hele ma ke au o ka nunui hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka no o ka hiʻona kekahi i waena o nā mea heluhelu.

Kekahi o ka loa hanohano hana a me nā puke Ostap Cherries:

• Humoresque "My avtobіografіya" (1927);
• feuilletons "Mislivskі usmіshki" moʻo (hoʻokuʻuʻia ma hope o kona make ana, i ka 1958, e komo i ka loa punahele heluhelu moʻolelo e pili ana i holoholona);
• hoiliili ole "Vishnevі usmіshki Silski", "Vishnevі usmіshki teatralnі", "Vishnevі usmіshki krimskі", "Vishnevі usmіshki zakordonnі", "Ukraїnіzuymos" a me na mea e ae.

I loko o Russian kākau moʻolelo ka hana i hoomaka ai, e neʻe mai 1926. Ka mua i ka ohi ana o "moʻolelo". Ke richest i ka unuhi i ka makahiki 1927, a ma hope o ka mea kākau i loaa emi noonoo. A hou kēia i loko o ka hiʻona o Ostap kamako iki, i lilo ai i loko o ka na pakanalima. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, oia ka poe nā moʻolelo e pili ana iʻiʻo holoholona hihiu a me ka poʻe kaʻao o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. A hiki i ka'opi o ka USSR halawai o koho hana Ostap kamako iki kekahi manawa paʻiʻia nā ma Ukrainian, a me ka Russian a me kekahi'ē aʻe 'ōlelo.

About ke ola ana o keia kanaka kupaianaha ke olelo hou he nui. I ka pau, e pili ana i ka ano o ke kanaka ka mea, ua, a pehea i hookoe mai i kekahi mea i kona mau hoa e kōkua. Ka mea, Ua kaumaha loa ia i kēia lā i kona hana nei,ʻaʻole e like me ka mahalo i ka mea i mua, a me kana i ohi ia mau hana, e hiki kekahi e kuai ma kaʻuku lele market a download Na mai o ka Internet. He hoi loa pōʻino i ka biographers Ua kuapoʻano nui wale ma luna o ka wā o kona hoopaaia, a me ka aka, o kona ola ua no he wahi lihi iki o ka aahu, a me ka kanalua, hoihoi 'Episode i hiki ia o ka ukupanee i ka heluhelu.