Pakele mea kanu: 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo

Nā loko o ka flowering mea kanu, o ka loa evolutionarily holomua elele o ke aupuni o ke ano, e loa ka nohona 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo. Na lola honua hapa o ka mea kanu i kapaia o ke kumu, aboveground - e pakele ai. It No ka Pakele ke kanu hāpai mai nui oihana: kinoea mail, kāʻamaʻai, transpiration, vegetative propagation a me kona e pono ai wahi ma ka pili ana i ka lā.

me Kinohi pakele

Ma ka evolution o keia kinoʻia i loko o ka mua nā meaʻeʻe moku a hiki i ka aina - Rhyniophyta. Kona kumu e kolo a me ke'ō manamana like me mechanical'aʻaʻa ia nō poorly ulu. Akā, e like me ia i ka primitive 'ole o ka' ilikai photosynthetic, piʻi pū, a 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea kanu meaola maikaʻi aʻe i carbohydrates.

He aha ka ka pakele o ka mea kanu

E pakele ai ua kapaia ka Aerial hapa o ka mea kanu, oia hoi o ka anei a me na lau. A pau kēia mau kino i autonomic, ka hoʻolako 'ulu, no kou kino a me ka asexual nā'ōlelo.

Pakele i ka mea kanu i kekahi mau rudimentary nā loko - puʻupaʻaʻelua. Aia nō nāʻano likeʻole o ka hakuʻala: vegetative a me ka generative. Keʻano mua oia o ka embryonic kumu a me ka lau, ka luna o ka i mea hoʻonaʻauao lole (meristem) i hoʻouna 'uluʻohana. Inā, ma ke kaʻawale, mai ke kumu a me ka muo mohala iloko ona i kakauia na la mua o nā pua a me inflorescence, ka mea, ua kapaia generative. Ma helehelena, mau'ōpuʻu maopopo nui nui, a ua hoʻokōʻia shape.

Ka wahi e i ka pepa ua pili ma luna o ke kumu, i kapaʻia ka'āina, a me ka mamao ma waena o aka wahi - internode. Ka huina ma waena o ke kumu, a me ke kuina kapa sinus.

Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka? Acaeoey ma luna o ka hua hou ana ma laila, a me nā luna kuleana no generative (moe) nā'ōlelo: pua, ka hua a me ka hua.

Ka hooulu ana o ka hakuʻala pakele

Me ka hoouka kaua o ka 'ano kūpono ma ka pūnāwai o ke meristem keena o ka ulu wahi e hoomaka ana e kaʻana. Hoopokole internodes hoomahuahua i ka nui, i hiki ke 'ai pono i loko o ka opiopio hoi e pana aku o ka mea kanu. Ma ka loa luna o ke kumu, ua maʻi nā'ōpuʻu. Ka mea, i kanu ka ulu ana ma ka lōʻihi. Axillary a adventitious nā'ōpuʻu aia i loko o ka lau axils paha interstices, niioaaonoaaiii. Ma muli o ia kā lākou anei i pepa i kaʻaoʻao hoi e pana aku, 'ole. E. lala.

kanu ai manamana ai na aoao

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ole, ma laila nō kekahi aoao o ka ai manamana ai hoi e pana aku:

1. Dichotomous. Ka loa primitive 'ano o ka ai manamana ai, ma i o ka elua, ulu i ka wahi o ka ulu ana mai o kela a me keia o ia mau, hoi, etc. Nolaila, ulu kekahi līoho, a kiekie ae spore mea kanu: .. Club mosses a me Fern.
2. Primopodialnoe. Keia ai manamana ai hiki ke ike like ia o gymnosperms (tidara, spruce) a me angiosperms (lāʻauʻoka, Maple). Lōʻihi manawa anei o kēia mau mea kanu e ulu ana ma ka lōʻihi me ka mahope ho okumu o kīloi paʻewa ai manamana ai.
3. Sympodially. Me keia hana ulu apical, ma ka mea ku ole, ka mea, ua kaulia ana. A kīloi paʻewa nā'ōpuʻu i 'Imi e ulu ana, e pili ana nui a me ka oi houʻaoʻao hoi e pana aku. Ohia, kamako iki a me ka 'ē aʻe flowering mea kanu i ka typical mamuli o keia ano o ka ulu ana.

ka hoʻololi 'ana hoi e pana aku

He aha mea i pakele, mai ka mea kanu, a pehea ia nana, o ka papa, a pau ke ike. Eia naʻe,? Aneie rula pinepine he pono i keʻano o nā hana. Ua hiki wale i nā loko o ka flowering mea kanu. Pakele Hoʻololi ', e loaa hou mall hiʻona, ma keia hihia ka mea, he o nā māhele o ka hae e pakele ai.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ka hoʻololi 'ana o ka pakele nā:

• Rhizome - mea ma lalo o ka honua, ma ka hapanui o ulu horizontally. Ua elongated internodes a me nā'ōpuʻu, o a ma luna o ka ili o ka maikaʻi wā lau hōʻike. Nolaila, mai mea kanu me rhizomes (lilia o ke awāwa, palaoa mauu, valerian) ia ka loa paʻakikī e pakele ana. Ma hope o Haehae iholaʻoʻIseraʻela i nā lau, pakele iho e noho i loko o ka'āina, ulu nui a me ka oi.

• Tuber - he hanaʻia naʻe o interstitial nona hakuʻala - maka. Ka brightest 'elele o na mea kanu, a hana tubers, o kaʻuala. No ka mea ulu ma ka honua, ka mea, ua pinepine pioloke me ka Hoʻololi 'aa. Eia naʻe, eia Honolulu tubers, no ka laʻana, kohlrabi.
• U kukui - Hoʻololi 'kanu hoi e pana aku me ka maikaʻi-ulu lau aia ma luna o ka mea i lalo ōhāhā - Donets. Ano o ka kālika, onion, tulip, līlia. Ma ka juicy lau Kalaiaina i loaa ka mahuaola, a maloo paia waho i malama ia mai ka poho.
• Lāʻauʻoʻoi aku - kiai ohia, kai buckthorn, hawthorn a me nā mea kanu. I loko o ka lau axils, ka mea pono hoomalu aku i na mea kanu, mai holoholona i makemake eʻai ia.
• Antennae - Hoʻololi 'curly hoi e pana aku, hoʻokoe iho i mea kanu ma ka kekahi kūlana. Kaʻukama, i nā hua waina, kaʻuala - ka loa e like me ka mea kanu i hana i kēia mea.

• Mustache - lahilahi hoi e pana aku me ka lōʻihi internodes. Strawberries a me nā'ōhelo papa vegetatively hoʻopulapula ia me ke kōkua o ke mustache.

E like me 'oe ke ike, o ka mea kanu kupu ninoieo o nā māhele i nā functionally interrelated, e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane e like me? Aneie ana, a haawi aku kela a me keia mea kanu kona mau hanana nānā.