Pehea na'āpana i loko o kaʻai? He aha nā'āpana a me nāʻai?

All kiʻi, kikokikona nā palapala a me nā polokalamu e waiho ma ka kamepiula paʻa i loko o ka palapala o ka mea nona a me nāʻai. He aha nō ka mea uuku pa alima o ka 'ike, a me ka nui o na'āpana i loko o kaʻai?

Ho'āhuʻikepili ma a iaiyoe

Kamepiula paʻa mea he nui 'ia paha o nā keena piha me ka' Aʻohe hualoaʻa a me ka poʻe. Cell - keia mea i ka palena iki huina o aeaiiuo e hiki ke lolouila mea heluhelu. Kāohi, ka mea, o ke kāhea (i loko o kēia kamepiula 'ē aʻe). Ke kāhea mea ai uuku ia ia mea paakiki i ka ike, a hiki ma lalo o ka microscope. Kēlā me kēia aeea i kekahi hanana helu wahi kahi e loaa mai kekahi a me kekahi polokalamu.

Ma lalo o ka halepaahao loa o ka manawa, e ike i ka hoʻokahiʻai. Akā, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone, ka mea hiki ke hui pu iho la me ka 2, 4 a 8 nāʻai. ʻai mīkini uila no ike me ka a pau, akā, ma ka mea ka mea, ua haku o ka hiki liʻiliʻi keena - i nā kānaka. Ka 1ʻai ke encode kekahi ano, e like me ka palapala a me ka helu, oiai ka 1 iki mea,ʻaʻole lawa.

Luna kākaʻikahi hana ma luna o kēia'āpana, naʻe ia mea technically hiki. Akā, he mea i hoopii i ka mea a pau nāʻai a me kaʻai pūʻulu.

He aha mea he iki?

Pinepine i ka iki e maopopo i ka mokuna 'ike o ke ana. Oia ka hoʻoholo 'hiki ole e noʻonoʻo pololei, no ka mea, o ka loa manaʻo o ka' ike he blurry. Inā e'ōlelo hou pono, ke iki - o ka palapala o ke kamepiula Hawaiʻi. Ka hua'ōlelo "iki" ua loko mai o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia i kona' "aeaie huahelu", a literally 'o ia hoʻi "aeaie huahelu".

'ōlelo Hawaiʻi kamepiula 'ē aʻe mea puni, a he mau wale hōʻailona: 0 a me 1 (i ke alo a kaawale o ka neaiae He oiaio paha hoopunipuni). Kēia i mea e maona ai a hiki i kekahi hoʻonohonoho hōʻike i kekahi mea. Ke kolu o ano, i ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia kamepiula mumule (ka hōʻikeʻana hoopau wale) He nā kaʻao.

Ma ona iho, i ka palapala, aole ia i lawe aku i kekahi waiwai ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka 'ike: e nānā i hoʻokahi a me ka' Aʻohe, he mea hiki ole i ka ike a hiki ia, i ke ano o keia waiwai piliʻikepili. A me nā kiʻi, a me nā hāʻina o nā haʻawina, a me ka polokalamu, e ho'ōla komo o ka poʻe a me ka 'Aʻohe hualoaʻa. No ia mea, nahu kekahi kaʻao ka me he kuokoa pa alima. Nolaila, ia mea e pono ke hui pu iho i ka'āpana e encode me ia maikaʻi kēia 'ike.

He aha mea heʻai?

Inā he iki - o ka palapala o kaʻai,ʻo ia he semblance o ka olelo. Kekahiʻai ke komo kikokikona ano, helu hapa o ka helu i ka nui, me na ia liilii a me ka nui m. D. Penei, heʻai he manawa ka manaʻoi 'ike, albeit i loko o ka uuku buke.

Novice programmers a pololei akamai mea hoʻohana, e kahaha no ehia na'āpana i loko o 1ʻai. Ma kēia kamepiula 'ē aʻe, heʻai ka manawa like i ka mea nona ewalu.

Inā ka iki mea hiki ke lawe i elua wale waiwai, i ka hui malu pu ana o ka ewalu'āpana mea hiki ke 256 okoa ana. Ka helu 256 ua hanaʻia o nā kūkulu o ka walu o ka iho (i loko o e like me ka nui o na'āpana noʻai).

One iki - He 1 paha 0. Two'āpana i hana mua i ka hula 00, 01, 10 a me 11. A e hiki 8'āpana, laila zeroes a me nā mea no keia hui malu pu ana i loko o ka laulā o ka 00000000 ... 11111111 huli 256. Ina e hoomanao pehea na cia hiki ke lawe, a ehia na'āpana e hookomoia ma ka hookahiʻai, a laila, e hoomanao i kēia huahelu loa maʻalahi e ia.

Kēlā me ka hui pu ana o huapalapala ke lawe kekahi 'ike ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hoʻopā'ālua (ASCII, Unicode, etc.). I mea no ke aha la eʻalo i ka mea i wahahee i Lūkini ike i kekahi manawaʻia i loko o ka palapala o ka pohihihi huapalapala mea hoʻohana.

Hiʻona o ka aeaie'ōnaehana

Ka aeaie'ōnaehana i nā mea a pau i ka ia waiwai e like me ka mea maʻa iā mākou kekimala: helu oia hoi o ka poe a me 'Aʻohe hualoaʻa, e hiki ke hui aku, unuhi, hoonui, etc. ka wale like mea i ka'ōnaehana aole no o ka 10, a me nā mea a pau o ka .. 2 huahelu. Ia mea ke kumu ia mea kupono e hana no kaʻikepili encryption.

Ma kekahi positional 'ōnaehana helu ana i ka helu o nā'āpana la i komo ai o: huahelu, na umi, luna haneri, etc. I ka kekimala'ōnaehana, i ka i kā mākou waiwai o kekahi iki like i ka 9, a ma ka aeaie'ōnaehana - 1. No ka mea, o ka hookuuia hiki ke lawe i elua wale cia, aeaie helu hikiwawe loa .. mahuahua ma ka lōʻihi. No ka laʻana, maʻa iā mākou i ka helu 9 E e kākau like 1001. kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka eiwa e e kākau eha huapalapala, a me kekahi aeaie huahelu hoʻopili like i kekahi pihoihoi.

No ke aha la ka ike ua hoʻopā'āluaʻia i loko o aeaie palapala?

Ke kekimala'ōnaehana mea pono no ka inputting a outputting 'ike, a me ka aeaie - e hoʻonohonoho i ke kaʻina hana o kona loli. No hoi loa kaulana'ōnaehana, i pihaʻi me umikumamaono ewalu a me nā huapalapala: e unuhi i ka mīkini kivila mai i loko o ka wa pono palapala.

Ke aeaie'ōnaehana o ka loa kaawale mai o ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ke kūpili. Unit conventionally o ia hoʻi, "ʻAe": he mea he hōʻailona, i ka olelo, he oiaio, etc. 'Aʻohe ua pili i ka waiwai o ka "ole": .. ka waiwai ka wahahee, aole he hōʻailona, etc. kekahi ninau hamama hiki ke huli i kekahi a oi ninau me Lolina o ka pane "Ae .. "a" ole. " Ke kolu o ka koho, no kekahi laʻana, "Unknown" e e loa lapuwale.

Iloko o ka hooulu ana o ka kamepiula loea i ua ulu a he ekolu-huahelu-nona ihoʻikepili pūnaewele, kapa tritium. Ka mea hiki ke lawe ekolu Hawaiʻi: 0 - ipu mea kaawale, 1 - ipu piha ma waenakonu, a 2 - piha nona iho. Naʻe, ka mea aeaie nenoaia ua oi alodio, a Logical, nolaila, loaa nunui poe hanohano.

Pehea na'āpana i loko o kaʻai i mua?

Mua, ka mea, ua hiki ole i ka olelo no kaʻoiaʻiʻo ehia na'āpana i loko o kaʻai. Initially heʻai maopopo mīkini olelo, a laila i ka helu o nā'āpana a ke kamepiula hiki ke kō i loko o kekahi hana kalapona (uaki kalapona). A hiki i ke kamepiula i ole nae, ua waiho ia ma ka oihana, kekahi mau iee? Hana me nāʻai o okoa nui like 'ole. ʻai hiki nā 6'āpana, oiai o ka mua Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o IBM kona nui ihoiho 9'āpana.

I kēia lā, ua lilo no laila, commonplace 8-iki nāʻai i ke ahiahi, i ka wehewehena o kaʻai ua pinepine mai la oia i ka pa alima o ka 'ike oia o 8'āpana. Eia naʻe, ma ka helu o nā architectures nāʻai lākou, 32'āpana a me ka lawelawe 'ana me ka mīkini olelo. e hoʻohana 'ia architectures ma kekahi supercomputers a me ka hoailona nā unu lawelawe, akā,ʻaʻole ma luna o mākou mau kamepiula' ē aʻe, laptops a me ka lawe lima kaul.

No ke aha la ia i lanakila 'o ia ewalu-hae?

Ua lilo nāʻai ewalu-nui paepae ma IBM PC me ka mahalo i ka manawa i 8-iki unu lawelawe Intel 8086. Ka prevalence o keia kükohu ka pilina i ka mea i loko o nā 1970s. 8'āpana noʻai i maoli lilo i ka hae waiwai.

Ewalu-iki maʻamau mea kūpono no ka mea, e leie aku oe e hoahu 1ʻai o nā huapalapala ma ka kekimala nenoaiu. I ka 6-iki'ōnaehana ke waiho waho kekahi huahelu, oiai ka 2'āpana i redundant. Ka 9'āpana hiki ke kākau 2 helu, akā nō koe hoʻokahi keu iki. Ka helu 8 o ke kolu o ka mana o nā mea e hoʻolako i nā pono.

Ka hoʻohana o nā'āpana a me nāʻai

He nui nā mea hoʻohana i ka naau: pehea ole i ka hui i nā kānaka a me nāʻai? Ke anu u mua mea, e hoʻolohe i ka mea i palapalaia notation abbreviatedʻai ua kākau i loko o ka palapala o ke poʻo palapala "B" (i loko o English - "B"). Alaila, ia mea he uuku palapala "b." ( "B"), e hōʻike i ka iki.

Eia naʻe, he mea mau i ka manawa kūpono i ka? Aaeno? Ua koho incorrectly (no ka laʻana, nā papahana kekahi a pau i ke kikokikona o ka lalo a me luna hihia 'akomi' hoohuliiaʻi). Ma keia hihia, oe e ike i ka ua ana ana i loko o nā kānaka, a me ka mea - i loko o nāʻai.

Mea maʻa mau, kora ka nui o nāʻai: ka nui o ka hana pā hōkū, waihonaʻike kipaku aku ai a me kekahi 'ē aʻe meakino e e i hoakaka ia ma nāʻai, a me ka noniakahi naehana, e like me gigabytes.

Nā'āpana hoʻohana no ka kōmi ana. I ka nui o ka 'ike i ka hele i ka Kanal māmā holo o ka Internet a no laila, ma luna o. N. ana i loko o nā kānaka a me nā derivative naehana, e like me megabits. Download ka mämä holo o ka AEIU i kekahi mau 'ia i loko o nā kānaka.

Inā makemake, e unuhi i nā'āpana i loko o nāʻai a me ka Hope versa. He nui iho la ia, e hoole ana i na'āpana i loko o kaʻai, a me ka hana hemahema hoi makemakika ho. Nā'āpana i hoohuliia mai i loko o nāʻai ma ka mahele ana i ka ewalu, unuhi ua lawe mai ma ka mea o ka multiplication ma ka hookahi helu.

He aha ka ka mīkini olelo?

Machine olelo - keia mea i ka ike i kākau i loko o ka iaiyoe aeea. Ua ho i ka mea i kā mākou kaʻina o ka 'ike' iniha, i ka lawelawe 'ia me kekahi pa alima.

I ka hua'ōlelo lōʻihi hoʻopili like i ka iki unu lawelawe, a no ka lōʻihi manawa ua like me 16'āpana. Most kēia kamepiula 'ē aʻe ia mea 64'āpana, aole nae he mea no hoi pōkole (32-iki), a hou mīkini olelo. Ma keia hihia, me ka helu o nā'āpana ho okumu i ka mīkini olelo, mau i ka lau o kaʻewalu, a hiki ke hoopuni huli i nāʻai.

No kekahi mau kamepiula hua'ōlelo lōʻihi mea ua hoʻololiʻia a me ka pili i ka helu o ka nui 'ano o ka "hao".