Phagocytosis - He aha ka mea? He aha ka ka pā o ka phagocytosis? kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka phagocytosis

No laila, phagocytosis - He aha ka mea? E ka ho'āʻo e maopopo i ka wehewehena o keia makahiki. Ka hua'ōlelo "phagocytosis" originated mai elua Greek morpheme - phagos (e hoʻopau ana) a me kytos (aeea). International Lapaʻau o kau phagokytosis, e like russified he hopena osis, i translates mai Greek like "kaʻina" a me "kŰia". Penei, i kēia ho'ākāka 'ana literally' o ia hoʻi ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomaopopo pono o na Agena kekahi keena, purposeful neʻeʻana me ia, ka hopu a me ka omo me mahope cleavage. Ma kēia 'atikala e kamaʻilio pū mākou e pili ana i ka pā o ka phagocytosis. mākou i'ōlelo e pili ana i ka mea i ka phagocytes, noonoo i nāʻanuʻu, a loaʻa i ka likeʻole ma waena o loa, a kāpili phagocytosis.

Mōʻaukala o ka loaʻa o kūikawā motile keena

Ke poʻokela Russian nä känaka 'epekema - II Mechnikov i ka 1882 - 1883 makahiki. mālama 'ia ia mea ma luna o ka intracellular digestion, këia aniani moakaka larvae o ke kai hoku. Nä känaka 'epekema ka pihoihoi ana ina paha e noho ana ma multicellular meaola ka hiki e paʻa ai okoa keena. A hōʻuluʻulu mea pono, e like me ka hana i ka protozoa e like me amoeba. I. I. Mechnikov malaila i ka hoao ana: e komo i loko o ke kino o ka larvae o carmine ka pauka, a kiai a puni i kēia mau meaʻuʻuku koko-ula mānoanoa ko ulu aeea pa. Ka mea, hopu a moni HW. A laila, i ke nä känaka 'epekema i kekahi kuhiakau i loko o kekahi meaola pono i ka mea e malu ai kūikawā keena, i hiki ka hoʻokemu, a hōʻuluʻulu' ē (particles) nā palapala i ke kino. E hoʻokūpaʻa i ko lākou kuhiakau, kaʻepekema hoʻohana i nā spike in a pink, iʻoe i loko o ke kino o ka larvae o ka starfish. Kekahi manawa ma hope, i ka noiʻi i loaʻa i ke keena i hoopuniia e na kakalaioa, ho'āʻo e ee "pests" a pahu aku ai ia lakou. Kēia mau manaʻo aiiay (particles) i loaʻa i loko o ke kino o ka larvae, he nä känaka 'epekema kapa phagocytes. Ma keia hoao ana hōʻike I. I. Mechnikov phagocytosis. I ka 1883, ua hōʻike akula i kona loaʻa a hiki i ka hiku o ka Ahaolelo Lahui o Lūkini naturalists. I ka wā e hiki mai, ke nä känaka 'epekema hoʻomau i ka hana i loko o keia olelo, i hana mai i kekahi mau pathology o ka li nui, e like me ka phagocytic kumumanaʻo o ka e hoʻonele. I ka makahiki 1908, pu me ke nä känaka 'epekema Paul Ehrlich,ʻo ia loaa ka Nobel lua no lākou nui liluwelo noiʻi.

Ke kŰia o ka phagocytosis - He aha ka mea?

I. I. Mechnikov nana, a aʻo i ke kūlana o ka phagocytosis i loko o ka hoomalu ana reactions o nā kānaka, a kiekie ae holoholona. ʻepekema, ua loaʻa i kēia kaʻina hana he nui kūlana ma ka hoola ana o kekahi mau eha Radio. Liluwelo Encyclopedic Dictionary i haawi mai i ka kēia ho'ākāka 'ana. Phagocytosis ua 'Imi pūliki pono aʻela, a me ke omo o na mea e like me koʻohune, a me ke kelepona hele koena ai microfungi, unicellular meaola ole manaʻo aeee (phagocytes), i loaʻa i loko o kekahi multicellular meaola. He aha ka ka pā o ka phagocytosis? Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka mea, o ka mea kahiko ano o ka hoomalu ana multicellular meaola. Ke kanaka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana functioning phagocytosis Radio i ke kūlanaʻano nui. He mea ka mua naoh i ka hoʻokomo 'ia' ana o keʻano o nā mea hoʻomaʻi, koʻohune a me na 'ē aʻe paha. Phagocytes mau kūhōhō ma ke kino, huli no "pests". I ka wā o ka Agena haole ua hōʻike ', me ka paa o ka mea i receptors. No ia mau mea phagocyte pest absorbs a me ka pepehi ia.

Elua papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu o motile keena - "defenders"

Phagocytes i mau hana a me ka hoomakaukau i kekahi manawa, e hana me ke kumu o ka maʻiʻaʻai. Ka mea, i ka kekahi kū kaʻawale, no ka mea, ka mea hiki ke lawe mai i ko lakou mau oihana, maloko, akā, i ole wale waho i ke kino: ma luna o ka ili o ka mucous membranes, a me ka mau o ka pōʻino, ua make'aʻaʻa. Kanaka phagocytes ma ka hua'ōlelo o ko lākou laulā, ua māheleʻia ka noiʻi i loko o nā pūʻulu - ka "oihana" a me ka "unprofessional". Ka mua o na monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, kia keena, dendritic keena a me'aʻaʻa. Ka nui Mobile phagocytic aeee i ke keʻokeʻo koko keena - keʻokeʻo koko keena. Ka mea, emigrate i ka hoʻoʻino pulakaumaka a me ka hoʻokō aiiay hana. Phagocytosis komo ai i ka ka loaʻaʻana o nā leukocytes, omo a me ka luku ana i malihini mea, e like me kona mau make a me ka poino keena. Ma hope o ka hana i ko lakou mau oihana o ka keʻokeʻo koko keena neʻeʻana i loko o ke koko, a me ka mau, e kūhōhō i loko o ke koko, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe - e undergo apoptosis a dystrophic loli. "Unprofessional" pūʻulu ninoieo o fibroblasts a me reticular endothelial keena, a i haʻahaʻa phagocytic haʻawina.

Ke kaʻina hana o ka phagocytosis: ka mua ke kahua

E hoomanao i pehea ke kaʻina hana o ke kaōhiʻana nā palapala meaola. ʻepekema kuhikuhi kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao eha o ka phagocytosis. Ka mea mua o ka hoʻohui: phagocyte kokoke ana i ka haole mea. 'O kēia kekahi ma muli o ke accidental hookui hookahe koko ana a me ka hopena o ka hana directional neʻeʻana - chemotaxis. Aia he mau ke ano o ka chemotaxis - maikaʻi (i phagocytes) a me ka io (i ka neʻeʻana o nā phagocytes). Nō kāu, maikaʻi chemotaxis lawe i ka paena o'aʻaʻa poino, e like me ke kumu ma microbes a me kā lākouʻai.

Sticking phagocytes i kekahi haole Agena

Ma hope o hoʻohui kletki "pale" me malicious huna o ka lua o ke kahua huli no. I ua sticking. Phagocyte hiki aku i ke kumuhana pili i ka mea, a ua pili. No ka laʻana, keʻokeʻo koko keena, i hiki mai ma ka waena konu o ka li nui, a adherent i ka moku paia, mai uhai aku, mai ka mea, a hiki hoʻowahāwahā ka nui pele māmā holo. mea pīlaliʻano papa hana ua hana ma kaʻilikai kauoha phagocyte. E like me ka rula, ia mea io, a me ka ili o ka mea phagocyte ua ikaika ia. Ma keia hihia, he mea ka maikaʻi mea pīlali. Negatively papa (particles), no kekahi laʻana,ʻeho, e pio ma phagocytes me ka nui loa loa. Eia naʻe, loaʻa nō sticking i mau (particles). Ua Ua hooko ma ka hana ana o mucopolysaccharides,? Ueony ma luna o ka ili o phagocytes membranes like hoʻi me ka hoemi i ka (viscosity) o ka cytoplasm a Hoamakeikekula whey haole Agena.

Ke kolu o ke kahua o ka phagocytosis

Ma hope o IeIIeYOA i ka haole mea phagocyte hoomaka kona omo, i hiki ke hana i nāʻaoʻao. Ma ka wahi o ka hui 'ana o ka haole mea iwi, a laila, ua holo pololei i ka mea i loko o ka halepaahao. Pela ka mea e paa hou mai la ka noa kihi o kaʻili lahilahi, a me ka ho'ōla kaʻawale vacuole i hanaia, ec i loko o ka hua'ōlelo i makemake huna. Ka lua o ka omo ala - ka hanana o pseudopodia, na (particles) a Hoamakeikekula interlocking ma luna o lākou. E like me ka hopena, ka mea, ua puni i loko o vacuoles loko keena. E like me ka rula, me ke kōkua o ke pseudopodia phagocytes omoʻia microfungi. Retraction ole o Hoamakeikekula malicious mea i hiki no ka mea, o ka iwi ua hāʻawi mai ke phagocyte contractile waiwai.

Intracellular cleavage o "pest"

I ka ha o ke kahua komo ai i ka phagocytosis o intracellular digestion. Keia ia lŘlŘ like penei. Ke vacuole i loaʻa ka haole (particles) ioiinyony lysosomes ka luna 'o digestive nā'ūhū i ho'ā' ia paha, a ninini iho la. Keia hana i mea i hoʻolilo 'ia i loko o i cleavage ia lŘlŘ hoopuni liluwelo macromolecules ribonuclease, amylase, protease a me ka lipase. Manawa haʻalele no nā'ūhū digestion a me ka luku aku i, a laila, i ke kala o ka vacuole hoʻololi iho huahana. Ano, ia oe i mea na kuʻina eha o ka phagocytosis. Hoomalu ana o ke kino ua lawe mai i loko o kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Mua he mea hoʻohui phagocyte a me ka e hoopii mai ai, alaila, attraction, a laila hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o ka hua'ōlelo i makemake (particles) ma luna o ka ili o ka " 'ili", a ma hope i - ke omo a me ka digestion o ka pest.

Kāpili a me ka piha phagocytosis. He aha nō kā lākou oko ao?

Ke kaumaha ma muli mea e ia i ka hopena o intracellular digestion o ka haole (particles), elua ano o ka loaʻa hou - piha, a kāpili phagocytosis. Ke kiʻi mua ua ana piha ka luku a me ka hoʻopau o ka hoʻololi iho huahana ma ke kaiapuni. Kāpili phagocytosis - He aha ka mea? Ka manawa o ia hoʻi, i ka malihini aeee i kemu phagocytes, noho viable. Ka mea, e luku mai i ka vacuole, a hana ia e like me ka "lepo" no ka? Aneii. An kumu o kāpili phagocytosis mea he gonococcal uptake i loko o ke kino, i mea ole e hoʻonele iā ia. I ka kāpili pathogens ma phagocytosis o phagocytes waihonakala maloko, a ua palahalaha ae ma ke kino. No laila, ma ka wahi o ka aiiayʻano papa hana o ka phagocytosis i ke alakaʻi mele o ka maʻi, e kōkua pests e hohola a mahuahua.

Kumu o intracellular digestion kaʻina

Phagocytosis 'aʻe' ia lŘlŘ no ka mā i loko o ke kahua o phagocytes like hoʻi me ka suppression o ka ha awina o ka lawe lima kletok- "hoʻomalu mai". Eia hou kekahi, he adverse loli i loko o ka intracellular digestion hiki ma muli o ke hereditary maʻi, e like me nā maʻi a me Alder Chedyaka-Higashi. 'Aʻe' ho okumu ana o phagocytes, me e noho ana o leukocytes, pinepine ia lŘlŘ ka wā pāhawewe waiū a no i hereditary neutropenia. Suppression ha awina o phagocytes kānāwai ma muli o ka deficiency o kekahi mau hormones, electrolytes a me nā wikamina. I glycolytic toxins a me microbial toxins he kūlana maikaʻiʻole i ka functioning o phagocytes. Mākou manaʻolana, ma kēia 'atikala, e hiki eaaei pane i ka nīnau: "? Phagocytosis - He aha ka mea". Pōmaikaʻi!